1、阶段强化练(四),第五章 平面向量与复数,一、选择题 1.设a是非零向量,是非零实数,下列结论中正确的是 A.a与a的方向相反 B.a与2a的方向相同 C.|a|a| D.|a|a,解析 对于A,当0时,a与a的方向相同,当0时,a与a的方向相反; B正确; 对于C,|a|a|,由于|的大小不确定,故|a|与|a|的大小关系不确定; 对于D,|a是向量,而|a|表示长度,两者不能比较大小.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,2.(2019湖北黄冈中学、华师附中等八校联考)已知向量a(0,1),b(2,1),且(ba)a,则实数的值为 A.
2、2 B.2 C.1 D.1,解析 已知向量a(0,1),b(2,1),ba(2,1),(ba)a, 即(ba)a101. 故选D.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,3.(2019四省联考诊断)若向量a(1,2),b(1,m),且ab与b的夹角为钝角,则实数m的取值范围是 A.(0,2) B.( ,2) C.(2,2) D.(,0)(2,),即2mm22.故选D.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,4.(2019成都七中诊断)已知向量a(4,7),b(3,4),则a2b在b方向上的投
3、影为,解析 向量a(4,7),b(3,4),a2b(2,1), (a2b)b(2,1)(3,4)10,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,向量a2b在向量b方向上的投影为,故选B.,A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4,解析 O为BC的中点,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,mn2.,A.有最大值8 B.是定值2 C.有最小值1 D.是定值4,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,1
4、3,14,15,16,17,18,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,解析 设单位向量e1,e2的夹角为,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,故选B.,解析 设正六边形的边长为a,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,故选A.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,A.4 B.3 C.2 D.8,故选D.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16
5、,17,18,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,又NBC与ABC的底边BC相等,,故选C.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,解析 取特殊三角形,令A(0,0),B(1,0),C(0,1),,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,二、填空题 13.(2019山师大附中模拟)单位向量a,b的夹角为60,则|a2b|_.,解析 因为|a2b|2a2
6、4b24ab3,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,4,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,解析 AC4,BC3,ACB60,,17,18,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,解析 建立如图坐标系, 设点P(x,y),A(1,0),B(0,1).,1,2,3,4,5,
7、6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,三、解答题 17.已知向量a(1,2),b(3,4). (1)求ab与ab 的夹角;,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,解 a(1,2),b(3,4), ab(2,6),ab(4,2),,(2)若a(ab),求实数的值.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,解 当a(ab)时,a(ab)0, (1,2)(13,24)0,则13480, 1.,(1)若a0,写出函数yf(x)的单调递增区间;,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,当a0时,f(x)2ab,ab,,当a0时,f(x)ab,2ab,,