1、第8讲 动词的分类,专题二 语法知识,2020年中考复习课件,单项填空,C,A,(,)1.Could I play the computer game now, mom?,No, youd better not.You _ finish your homework first.,A.might,B.could,C.must,D.can,(,)2.If you always _ yourself with others, you,may have tons of pressure. I agree.We should believe in ourselves.,A.compare,B.commu
2、nicate,C.create,D.consider,(,)3.A true friend will never _ from you when,youre in trouble.,A.take away C.put off,B.run away D.get off,(,)4.Who does the schoolwork every day?,Guo Tong _.,A.does,B.will,C.would,D.has,(,)5.Noise pollution makes everyone _ very,terrible.My family really cant stand it.,A.
3、taste,B.feel,C.sound,D.look,B,A,B,动词可以按照其含义及它们在句中的功能分成四类:连系,动词、实义动词、助动词和情态动词。,连系动词,连系动词又叫系动词,本身有一定意义,但不能独立做谓 语,需与其后做表语的形容词、名词或介词(短语)一起构成谓 语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。常见的系动词有:,1.表示状态变化的系动词:become, get, turn, go, grow 等, 表示“变得;成为”,一般后跟形容词做表语。如: Traveling abroad is becoming more and more popular.出国旅,游正变得越来越流行。
4、,Its getting colder and colder.天气变得越来越冷了。,2.表示持续变化的系动词:keep, stay, remain 等,表示“保,持”。如:,She always keeps silent in class.她在班上总是保持沉默。,3.表示感官的系动词:look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等,表,示“起来”,常跟形容词做表语。如: He looked very excited.他看起来很兴奋。 Roses smell sweet.玫瑰花闻起来很香。,4.其他类的系动词:be 动词, seem, come, fall 等。如: The
5、coats over there seem very beautiful.那边的外套好像很,漂亮。,注意:系动词没有被动语态。,实义动词,实义动词又叫行为动词,表示动作或状态,在句中能独立,做谓语。它一般分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)两类。 1.及物动词:后面必须跟宾语才能使其意义完整,如 like,make, clean, love 等。其结构有:,(1)动词宾语。如:,I am reading an interesting book.我正在看一本有趣的书。 (2)动词宾语宾语补足语。如:,We saw the students playing basketball just
6、now.刚才我们看,到学生们正在打篮球。,(3)动词间接宾语直接宾语。常见的动词有 give, show, bring, lend, borrow, buy, make, pass, return, get 等。如: Please show me your passport.请给我看看你的护照。,注意:带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾 语之前,必须在变换时加介词 to 或 for,从而构成“及物动词 直接宾语to/for间接宾语”句型。如:,Please pass me this book. Please pass this book to me. 请把,这本书递给我。,2.不及物
7、动词:本身意义完整,其后不必跟宾语;如果要 跟宾语,则要与介词搭配,如 come, go, laugh, listen, run, swim, stand 等。其结构主要有两种: (1)动词介词。如:,talk to/with 和交谈 worry about 担心 get to 到达 look at 看一看,laugh at 嘲笑 speak to 与说话 arrive in/at 到达 listen to 听(某人或某物),wait for 等候 注意:这类动词短语在接代词宾格或名词做宾语时必须将 其放在介词之后,而不能放在动词与介词之间。,(2)动词副词。如:,eat up 吃完 pick
8、 up 捡起 take away 拿走 turn up 调大(音量等) put away 把放在一边 give back 归还,give up 放弃 ring up 打电话 write down 记下 try out 试用;选拔 take off 脱下 look over 检查,注意:这类动词短语在接代词宾格做宾语时,必须将其放 在动词和副词之间;接名词做宾语时,放在副词的前后均可。 如:,put them down try them on put down the ladder,take it away turn it off take the food away try on the ha
9、t,3.有些动词(如 beat, close, open, start, drive, play, speak, sing, wake, win, stop, cook 等)既可做及物动词,也可做不及物动词, 但意义不同。如:,The crops grow well in the field.地里的庄稼长得很好。(grow,是不及物动词,表示“生长”),The old man is growing vegetables in his garden.这个老人在,园子里种菜。(grow 是及物动词,表示“种植”),助动词,助动词本身无意义,不能单独做谓语,必须和其他动词连 用,帮助构成疑问句、否定
10、句以及各种时态、语态、加强语气 等。常见的助动词有:be (am/is/are/was/were), do (does/did), have (has/had), will, would, shall 等。其中 do, have 也可做实义动词。 其用法主要有:,1.“助动词 be动词的现在分词”构成进行时态。如: What were you doing at the time yesterday? 昨天这个时候你,正在做什么?,2.“助动词 be动词的过去分词”构成被动语态。如: Chinese is learned by too many foreigners in the world.
11、世界,上太多的外国人学习汉语。,3.“助动词 have/has/had 动词的过去分词”构成完成时,态。如:,Has she gone to Beijing yet? 她已经去北京了吗?,4.“be 动词动词不定式”表示最近、未来的计划或安排。,如:,As a teacher, Im to teach the new students.作为一名老师,我,将要教新生了。,5.助动词 do/does/did 用于构成否定句和疑问句,也可用于 倒装句,加强说话人的语气以及替代前面刚出现的动词等。如:,Do you want to go there? 你想去那儿吗? Yes, I do.是的,我想。,
12、Only then did I find that there was nobody in the hall. 到那时,我才发现大厅里没有人了。,Do remember to turn off the power when you use it up.用完后,切记关闭电源。,Helen often rides a bike to school, so do I.海伦经常骑车去上,学,我也是这样。,6.助动词 will, shall 用于构成将来时态,其中 shall 只用于第,一人称,will 可用于各种人称。如:,Shall we sing a song now? 我们现在唱首歌好吗?,He
13、 will speak at the meeting by then.到那时他将在大会上,发言。,情态动词,情态动词本身具有一定的意义,本身并不表示动作或状态, 不能单独做谓语,必须与后面的动词原形一起构成谓语,表示 说话人的语气、态度以及请求、愿望等。它没有人称和数的变 化(have to, be able to 除外)。常见的情态动词有:can, could, may, might, must, should, would, need 等。,1.can 的用法,注意:(1)can 与 be able to 的区别,(2)could 在下列情况下本身作为一个情态动词使用,而不是,can 的过
14、去式,不表示过去时态:,提出委婉的请求时,could 比 can 客气、委婉,但不能用,could 回答,只能用 can 回答。如:,Could I have a look at the bracelet?我可以看一看这个,手镯吗?,Yes, you can./No, you cant.是的,可以。/不,不行。 在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑时,相当于 might,,表示“可能,也许”。如:,He couldnt be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。,2.may 与 might 的用法,注意:以 May I 开头的一般疑问句,其肯定回答可用“Yes, you may.”“Yes, p
15、lease.”或“Certainly./OK./Sure.”等;否定回 答可用“No, you cant.”“No, you mustnt (不可以).”或“Please dont.”等。,3.must 的用法,(续表),注意:must 与 have to 的区别,4.need 的用法,need 意为“需要”,既可做情态动词,也可做实义动词。 做情态动词时多用于疑问句和否定句中,否定式为 neednt,表 示“不必”。做实义动词时,主语是人时,后接动词不定式或 名词,即:sb.need/dont need to do sth.sb.或 need sth.;当主语是 物时,用 sb.need d
16、oing sth.表示被动的含义,相当于 sth.need to be done。 如:,Need I go there?我需要去那里吗?(做情态动词),I dont need to buy a new schoolbag.我不需要买新书包。(做,实义动词),I neednt buy a new schoolbag.我不必买新书包。(做情态,动词),The trees need watering.The trees need to be watered. 这些,树需要浇水了。(主动形式表示被动),5.should 的用法,should 意为“应该”,表示责任、义务或建议,可用于各,种人称;其否
17、定式为 shouldnt。如:,You shouldnt give up.You should try your best. 你不应该放,弃,你应该竭尽全力。,6.had better 的用法,had better 意为“最好”,其否定式为 had better not,表示 劝告、忠告或建议,后接动词原形;疑问句中需提前助动词 had。 如:,We had better (not) let him go.我们最好(别)让他走。 Had we better play soccer now? 现在我们最好踢足球吗?,动词短语,广东省中考英语常考动词短语的构成方式有以下三种: 1.同一动词不同介词
18、/副词 (1)put 短语。如: put off 推迟,put away 放好;收起,put on 上演;穿上;戴上;增加(体重) put down 放下,put up 举起;搭起;张贴 put out 熄灭;扑灭,(2)pick 短语。如:,pick out 挑出,pick off 摘掉/去,pick up 拾起;捡起;(开车)接人 (3)look 短语。如:,look out 当心,look through 浏览;翻阅,look up 向上看;查找(在字典或参考书中),look for 寻找 look after 照顾 look at 看,look around 向四周看 look ove
19、r 检查 look like 看起来像,(4)give 短语。如:,give up 放弃 give away 捐赠 give back 归还 (5)take 短语。如: take out 取出;拿出 take off 脱下;(飞机等)起飞,give out 分发;散发 give in 屈服;让步 take in 吸入;吞入 take after 长得像(某人),take away 带走 take up 占据(时间、空间);开始从事;继续,注意:taken.短语:take turns 轮流,take care 小心,take place 发生,take a walk 散步,(6)turn 短语。
20、如:,turn up 调高(音量);出现 turn out 结果是 turn down 调低(音量);拒绝,turn on 打开 turn in 上交 turn off 关闭 turn into 变成,2.不同动词同一介词/副词 (1)on 短语。如:,get on 上车 keep on 继续(进行) pass on 传递 insist on 坚持 live on 以为生,go on 继续 come on 加油;快点 hold on 坚持;(打电话)别挂断 carry on 继续 depend on 依靠;取决于,(2)up 短语。如:,dress up 乔装打扮 hurry up 赶紧;快点
21、 clean up 打扫干净 make up 组成 set up 建立 stay up 熬夜,use up 用完 end up 以结束 cheer up 使振作/高兴起来 grow up 长大 send up 发射 show up 出现;露面 wake up 醒来,(3)down 短语。如:,fall down 跌倒 cut down 砍倒 (4)with 短语。如: fill with 充满;装满;填满 do/deal with 处理;对待 compare with 与作比较 (5)away 短语。如: throw away 扔掉 go away 走开 move away 移动,slow d
22、own 慢下来;减速 lie down 躺下 agree with 同意某人的意见 argue with 和争吵 share.with 与分享 run away 逃跑 get away 离开 send away 开除;解雇,(6)over 短语。如:,think over 仔细考虑 go over 复习 3.动词副词介词。如: look forward to 期待 catch up with 赶上 get along with 与相处,come over 顺便来访;过来 stay/keep away from 远离 run out of 用完;用尽 come up with 提出;想出,注意:
23、一些动词的固定用法经常考查,需要特别记忆。如: finish doing sth.完成做某事 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事,stop doing sth.停止正在做的某事,stop to do sth.停下来去做某事(另一件),forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(某事已完成) forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(某事尚未做) remember doing sth.记得做过某事(某事已完成) remember to do sth.记得去做某事(某事未完成),1.Dirty air and water are harmful.They _ kill plant
24、s, and even people.(2019 年广东),A.can C.should,B.cant D.shouldnt,点拨选 A 考查情态动词辨析。句意:肮脏的空气和水是 有害的。它们能够杀死植物甚至人。由前一句可知,有害的肮 脏的空气和水能够杀死植物和人,故用can 表达“可以;能够”。 故选 A。,2.Yuan Longping, a famous Chinese scientist, is now doing research on sea rice. If farmers _ start planting rice in salty water, Chinas food sup
25、ply will surely rise.(2018 年广东),A.can,B.cant,C.must,D.mustnt,点拨选 A 考查情态动词辨析。句意:“中国著名科学家 袁隆平正在从事在海上种植水稻的研究。”“如果农民们能在 咸水里种植水稻,中国的粮食产量会得到显著提升。”can 能够, 可以;cant 不可能;must 必须;mustnt 不可以;禁止。由答语 后半句 Chinas food supply will surely rise 可推知,如果能够在咸 水里种植水稻,中国的粮食产量会得到显著提升。故选 A。,3.To keep children safe, we _ put t
26、he things like knives and medicine away in our house.(2017 年广东),A.may,B.should,C.can,D.might,点拨选 B 考查情态动词辨析。根据前句To keep children safe 及语境可推知,为了保护孩子们的安全,应将刀子和药物 之类的东西收起来,故此空应用“应该”表建议。故选 B。,4.If you want to know more about space, please _ the book A Brief History of Time.(2017 年广东),A.look through C.lo
27、ok after,B.look around D.look down upon,点拨选 A 考查动词短语辨析。句意:如果你想更加了解 宇宙,请浏览时间简史这本书。look through 浏览;look around四处看;look after 照顾;look down upon 看不起。根据 句意可知选 A。,5.Mom, _ I visit the Modern Art Museum next Monday? Im afraid you cant.All the museums in this city are closed on Monday.(2016 年广东),A.would,B.n
28、eed,C.should,D.may,点拨选 D 考查情态动词辨析。句意:“妈妈,下周一我 可以去参观现代艺术博物馆吗?”“恐怕不能,周一本市所有 的博物馆都闭馆。”回答may 开头的疑问句,肯定回答用“Yes, please./Yes, you may.”;否定回答则用“No, you cant/mustnt.”。 结合答语中的 cant 可知应用 may。故选 D。,6.Martin and Susan _ for Shanghai to attend an international meeting yesterday.(2016 年广东),A.put off C.set off,B.f
29、ell off D.kept off,点拨选 C 考查动词短语辨析。句意:昨天马丁和苏珊出 发去上海参加一个国际会议。put off 推迟;fall off 跌倒;set off 出发;keep off 保持不接触,结合空后的 for Shanghai 可知 应该是“出发”。故选 C。,7.Look! The traffic light has turned red.We _ stop our car.(2015 年广东),A.can,B.cant,C.must,D.mustnt,点拨选 C 考查情态动词辨析。根据语境可知,红灯停了, 必须停车,应用 must。故选 C。,8.Mom, shall we go to the beach tomorrow? It _ the weather.(2015 年广东),A.carries on,B.lives on,C.depends on,D.holds on,点拨选 C 考查动词短语辨析。句意:“妈妈,我们明天 能去海滩吗?”“要看天气情况。”carry on 执行;live on 居住 在;depend on 依赖;取决于;hold on 坚持。故选 C。,