1、第9讲 动词的时态和语态,专题二 语法知识,2020年中考复习课件,单项填空,C,D,(,)1.China successfully _ the World Horticultural,Exposition (世界园艺博览会) from April to October in 2019, with the topic “Green Living, Beautiful Home”.,A.hosts C.hosted,B.had host D.has hosted,(,)2.Wheres my packed lunch, mom?,In the kitchen.I _ two sandwiches
2、 for you.,A.makes,B.make,C.made,D.have made,(,)3.Its true that not every goal _ and not every,dream will come true.The most beautiful scenery is on the way.,A.achieves C.is achieved,B.will achieve D.will be achieved,(,)4.Wheres your father, Jane?Its time to have dinner.,Well, he _ a newspaper just n
3、ow, but I cant find him now.,A.reads C.has read,B.was reading D.is reading,D,B,(,)5.The first garbage-sorting ( 垃圾分类) rule _,in Shanghai on July 1st, 2019. A.carried out B.has carried out C.was carried out D.is carried out,C,动词的时态 一般现在时,1.结构,一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示,主语是第三人称单数,时,动词原形后加-s 或-es。其结构为:,2.用法,(1)表示
4、经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与 seldom,often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, on Sundays, once a,week 等频度副词和表频率的时间状语连用。如:,I go to school at seven every day.我每天早上七点去上学。 (2)表示客观存在的真理、科学事实和格言警句。此用法如 果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时态,从句中谓语动词 也要用一般现在时态。如:,The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。,The teacher told us that the
5、 sun rises in the east.老师告诉我们,太阳从东方升起。,(3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替,一般将来时,即“主将从现”。如:,Ill go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow.如果,明天我妈妈有空,我将和她一起去购物。,(4)如果条件状语从句的主句是以 dont, let, never 等开头的,祈使句时,从句中须用一般现在时态。如:,Please let me know if James comes here tomorrow. 如果明天,詹姆斯到这儿来,请让我知道。,Dont eat bef
6、ore the guests come over.客人到访之前不要,吃饭。,3.动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则,注意:(1)be 动词的三种形式为:am, is, are。 (2)特殊情况:havehas。,一般过去时,1.结构:主语动词过去式其他 2.用法,注意:一般过去时常与 last night, yesterday, just now, a week ago, in 2019, in the past, at that time 等表示过去的时间状语 连用。,3.动词过去式的变化规则 (1)规则动词:,(2)不规则动词:不规则动词过去式和过去分词的变化规律,性不强,只能分别记忆。,一
7、般将来时,1.结构,主语助动词 will/shall动词原形其他 主语am/is/are going to动词原形其他,注意:shall 只用于第一人称,表示请求或建议。,2.用法,现在进行时,1.结构:主语am/is/are动词的现在分词其他,2.用法,注意:有些动词不用于现在进行时,常见的此类动词有: (1)表示感官的动词:see, hear 等。,(2)表示喜好、厌恶的动词:like, love, hate 等。 (3)表示希望的动词:wish, hope, would like 等。 (4)表示思维、理解能力的动词:know, forget 等。,3.现在分词的变化规则,过去进行时,1
8、.结构:主语was/were动词的现在分词其他,2.用法:,现在完成时,1.结构:主语have/has动词的过去分词其他,注意:动词过去分词的变化规则与过去式的变化基本相同,,有些特殊变化需单独记忆。,2.用法,3.现在完成时中的一些重要用法 (1)非延续性动词和延续性动词,非延续性动词又叫瞬间动词,可用于完成时态,说明某个 动作的结果还存在,但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,也不 能用于 how long 引导的特殊疑问句中。与一段时间连用时,要 把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。如:,I have had the book for two days.这本书我买了两天了。(用,had 而不用 bo
9、ught),He has been in Beijing for two weeks.他来北京两个星期了。,(用 been in 而不用 come to),注意:在肯定句中,非延续性动词与时间段连用时,可采,用如下方式进行转换:,将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。如:,borrow/lendhave/keep diebe dead,leavebe away,将时间段变为表示过去的时间点,并将现在完成时态变,为一般过去时态。如:,He has had this book for 3 days. He bought this book 3 days,ago.,用句型“It is/has been时间
10、段since 从句(从句中用一,般过去时态)”表达。如:,The old man has been dead for 3 months. It is/has been 3,months since the old man died.,(2)常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词转化如下表:,(续表),(3)have gone to, have been to 和 have been in 的区别,(4)现在完成时和一般过去时的区别,现在完成时强调过去动作产生的结果对现在的影响,与 现在有关;一般过去时只是说明动作是在过去发生的,强调在 过去某一时刻曾经发生的动作,与现在无关。如:,He has stu
11、died English for five years.他学英语五年了。(说,明他现在还在学),He studied English for five years.他曾学过五年英语。(只说 明他过去学过五年英语,但现在学不学就不知道了),现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用或无时间状语,而,一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。,动词的语态,动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主 语是谓语动作的执行者;被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承 受者。初中阶段要求考生重点掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、 一般将来时及含有情态动词的被动语态。,被动语态的构成,构成:助动词 be动词的过去分词。具体结构如下
12、:,(续表),被动语态的用法,(续表),被动语态的注意事项,1.动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在被动语态中,不可,丢掉短语中的介词或副词。如:,The old man should be spoken to politely.跟那个老人说话要,有礼貌。,2.在主动语态中,make/see/hear/watch/notice/warn 等后跟省 略了 to 的动词不定式,在被动语态中必须加上动词不定式符号 to。如:,The workers are made to work ten hours a day.工人们被迫每,天工作十个小时。,3.双宾语结构中的被动语态,直接宾语做主语时,间接宾,语前
13、须用介词 for/to。如:,A new car was bought for my brother as a birthday gift. 一辆,新车被作为生日礼物送给了我兄弟。,4.不及物动词和动词短语 happen/take place, appear,disappear, come true, come out, belong to 等无被动语态。如:,An accident happened last night.昨晚发生了一起事故。 The car belongs to Mr.Wang.那辆车是王先生的。,5.在主动语态中,see, hear 等动词后跟复合宾语,在被动语 态中,宾
14、语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语则保留在原处,从 而成为主语补足语。如:,He heard some girls singing in the classroom. 他听到一些女,孩正在教室里唱歌。,Some girls were heard singing in the classroom (by him).,6.主动语态表示被动意义的有:,(1)系动词 look, sound, smell, taste, seem, turn, get, become 等,的主动结构表示被动意义。如:,The food tastes very delicious.食物吃起来很可口。,(2)open, loc
15、k, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive 等 动词做不及物动词时,它们的主语是物,可用主动语态表示被 动意义。如:,This kind of goods sells well at the moment.目前这种货物卖,得很好。,(3)动词不定式做定语时常用主动形式表示被动意义。如: I have many things to do every day.我每天都有很多事情,要做。,(4)need/want/require doing ( need/want/require to be,done)用主动形式表示被动意义。如:,This
16、 room needs sweeping. This room needs to be swept.这,房间需要打扫了。,(5)be worth doing 是主动形式表示被动意义。如: This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。,1.It is said that one Greater Bay Area university _ in Guangdong in the future.(2019 年广东),A.will be built C.will build,B.build D.is built,点拨选 A 考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意:据说未来 会在广东省
17、建立一所大湾区大学。由句意知,从句的主语 one Greater Bay Area university 是动作 build 的承受者,应用被动语 态,故排除 B、C 两项;由 in the future 可知,本句用一般将来 时。故选 A。,2.My father _ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about pandas.(2019 年广东),A.was working C.has worked,B.is working D.will work,点拨选 C 考查现在完成时态。句意:我父亲在一个熊猫
18、保护中心工作 10 年了,所以他对熊猫非常了解。由后面的时间 段 for 10 years 可知,本句应用现在完成时态表达从过去持续到 现在的动作。故选 C。,3.It is said that the number of forest parks in Guangdong _ to more than 1,000 so far.(2018 年广东),A.increase C.has increased,B.increased D.will increase,点拨选 C 考查现在完成时态。句意:据说到目前为止广 东省森林公园的数量已经超过一千个了。so far 是现在完成时的 标志词;the
19、number of.意为“的数量”,谓语动词须用第 三人称单数形式。故选 C。,4.I saw the light of your room was still on at two oclock last night. Oh, I _ a football match of the Russia World Cup. (2018 年广东),A.watched C.am watching,B.was watched D.was watching,点拨选 D 考查过去进行时态。句意:“昨天夜里两点时 我看见你房间的灯还亮着。”“哦,我当时正在观看俄罗斯世 界杯足球比赛。”由上句中的时间状语 at
20、two oclock last night 可知 watch a football match 为当时正在进行的动作,应用过去进 行时。故选 D。,5.Many shops in China _to shut down as a new law against ivory (象牙) trade came into effect on January 1st, 2018. (2018 年广东),A.ordered C.were ordered,B.didnt order D.werent ordered,点拨选C 考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意:因为一项 新的反对象牙贸易的法律在2018 年1
21、月1 日开始生效,所以中 国许多商铺被勒令停业。主语shops 与谓语动词order 存在被动 关系,故要用被动语态。根据句意可知选 C。,6.Johnson wont answer the phone if he _ the number. (2017 年广东),A.knew C.will know,B.doesnt know D.didnt know,点拨选 B 考查一般现在时态。if 表示“如果”,引导条 件状语从句时,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,即“主 将从现”原则。故选 B。,7.Sue wasnt happy because she _ the concert given
22、by her favorite singer.(2017 年广东),A.misses,B.missed,C.will miss,D.is missing,点拨选 B 考查一般过去时态。根据前面的关键词 wasnt 可知时态应用一般过去时。故选 B。 8.Betty _ hard since last term.Thats why her exam results are so good! (2017 年广东),A.has worked,B.will work,C.worked,D.was working,点拨选 A 考查现在完成时态。根据关键词 since 可知时 态要用现在完成时。故选 A。
23、,9.The waiter told me that free parking _ for the hotel guests.(2017 年广东),A.provides C.will be provided,B.provided D.was provided,点拨选 D 考查一般过去时的被动语态。宾语从句的主语 free parking 与动词 provide 存在被动关系,应用被动语态,故排 除 A、B 两项;又根据前面 told 可知要用一般过去时。故选 D。,10.With the development of science and technology, robot cooks _
24、in our families in the future.(2016 年广东),A.appear C.will appear,B.appeared D.were appearing,点拨选 C 考查一般将来时态。句意:随着科技的发展, 未来机器人厨师将出现在我们的家中。结合句中的 in the future 可知事情发生在将来,故用一般将来时。故选 C。,11.School violence (暴力)_ much attention of the whole society and people are calling on the government to make laws again
25、st it as early as possible.(2016 年广东),A.drew C.has drawn,B.will draw D.was drawing,点拨选 C 考查现在完成时态。句意:校园暴力已经引起 全社会的广泛关注,人们呼吁政府尽早制定法律来抵制它。结 合 and 后的句子“人们呼吁政府尽早制定法律”,可知该事件 虽然发生在过去,但和现在有关,应用现在完成时。故选 C。,12.Unless the weather _, we will have to cancel the picnic.(2016 年广东),A.improve C.improved,B.improves
26、D.will improve,点拨选 B 考查一般现在时态。句意:除非天气有所改善, 否则我们不得不取消野餐。unless 意为“除非;如果不”,引 导条件状语从句时,时态遵从“主将从现”原则,即主句为一 般将来时,从句用一般现在时;又主语 the weather 是不可数名 词,故谓语要用第三人称单数形式。故选 B。,13.He Jiang _ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.(2016 年广东),A.invites C.is invited,B.invited D.wa
27、s invited,点拨选 D 考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意:上个月贺 江被邀请在哈佛大学的毕业典礼上演讲。根据 last month 可知 应用一般过去时态;主语 He Jiang 和谓语动词 invite 存在被动 关系,应用被动语态。故选 D。,14.Dont disturb Allen now.He _ for the Spelling Bee competition.(2015 年广东),A.prepares C.is preparing 点拨选 C,B.prepared D.will prepare 考查现在进行时态。根据时间状语 now 可知,句子应该用现在进行时。故选 C。,
28、15.Sir, Jenny wants to know when she can leave the office. Only when she _ copying this report.(2015 年广东),A.finishes C.finished,B.finish D.will finish,点拨选 A 考查一般现在时态。句意:“先生,詹妮想知 道她什么时候才能离开办公室。”“只有当她抄写完这份报 告。”when 引导的时间状语从句,从句要用一般现在时。又从 句的主语 she 为第三人称单数,所以动词要用单数形式。故 选 A。,16.Have you heard of the song
29、 Little Apple? Yes.It _ every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs.(2015 年广东),A.is played C.was played,B.plays D.played,点拨选 A 考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意:“你听过 小苹果这首歌吗?”“听过。每天早上楼下的老人们跳广 场舞时都会播放这首歌。”主语 it 和谓语动词 play 存在被动关 系,所以要用被动语态,又根据时间状语 every day,可知句子 用一般现在时的被动语态。故选 A。,17.Lei Feng _ for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us.(2015 年广东),A.died C.was dead 点拨选 D,B.has died D.has been dead 考查现在完成时态。根据时间状语 for many,years 可知句子要用现在完成时。die 是瞬间动词,与时间段连 用时,要转化为延续性动词 be dead。故选 D。,