1、2020年高考英语模拟卷（新课标卷）08（考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：120分）注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWhat is body surfing?Bod
2、ysurfing is related to riding on a wave with no help from aid tools such as a surfboard. Thats why it is called the “purest” form of surfing. In fact, it is one of very few extreme sportsfree climbing and cliff diving are. othersthat can be practiced using nothing but the human body.How do you do it
3、?To catch a wave, swim to where the waves break and, as one approaches, start swimming towards the beach. You must try to travel at the same speed as the wave and, if you do it correctly, you will feel the wave lifting you and pushing you forwards. Then try and cut along the surface of the wave.What
4、 do you need?It is more enjoyable and safer if you use flippers (large flat rubber shoes). This is because they enable you to swim faster and surf along them more easily. A wetsuit is also advisable. Another aid is a handboard, a mini-surf board about the size of an iron, held in one hand to speed u
5、p along the wave. If you are lucky enough to be surfing in warm water, make sure you have your boardshorts at the ready.Unofficial world championshipBodysurfing is not a professional sport, but in Hawaii there is such a festival called the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic each year. Local bodysurfers co
6、mpete against athletes from places such as Australia, Brazil, Japan or France. Famous bodyboarder Mike Stewart has won the event no fewer than 12 times, and Kelly Slater, the greatest surfer in history, has also competed.1. How does a bodysurfer surf while in the sea?A. Only using the human body.B.
7、Only relying on a surfboard.C. Only following a wave.D. Only swimming along the beach.2. Which can make you surf faster?A. Flippers and a wetsuit.B. A wetsuit and a handboard.C. A handboard and boardshorts.D. A handboard and Flippers.3. What can we know about the Pipeline Body surfing Classic?A. It
8、is for local bodysurfers.B. It is held annually in Hawaii.C. All famous bodysurfers favor it.D. Mike Stewart attends it every year.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项非专业的运动人体冲浪。1. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段Bodysurfing is related to riding on a wave with no help from aid tools such as a surfboard.和that can be practice
9、d using nothing but the human body.可知，人体冲浪是在没有冲浪板等辅助工具帮助的情况下在海浪上冲浪。故选A。2. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段It is more enjoyable and safer if you use flippers (large flat rubber shoes). 如果你使用脚蹼会更舒适、更安全，和Another aid is a handboard, a mini-surf board about the size of an iron, held in one hand to speed up along the w
10、ave. 一只手拿着冲浪板可以加速冲浪。故选D。3.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Bodysurfing is not a professional sport, but in Hawaii there is such a festival called the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic each year. 在夏威夷每年都会有一个名为管道人体冲浪经典的节日。故选B。BPromise Sawyers, a 10-year-old girl in Nashville, Tenn., is inspiring people old and young af
11、ter making a video before going to school “bigger and better” with her natural hair, just one day after she was made fun of for her afro.Promise Sawyers motivational video was posted online by her mom Qui Daugherty, after the 5th-grader secretly recorded it on Daughertys phone. In it, Sawyers explai
12、ned that she was feeling “some type of way” after her classmates had mean things to say after she wore her natural hair the day before. But she was determined not to let it bring her down, and wore it the same way the following day. “Dont allow anyone to steal your joy,” Promise said. “Dont give the
13、m that much power.”Daugherty says that Promise has been surrounded by that type of positivity her whole life. Shes always taught her daughter to “meet a negative with a positive”, even when somebody is trying to bring her down. And although this example seems like one of the more disheartening( 令人气馁
14、的) ones that Promise has faced after starting at a new school, her video proved that she took her moms advice to heart.Now, nearly 2 million views later, people everywhere are responding to the video. “We had no idea the impact that it was going to make and the amount of messages,” Daugherty said. “
15、Its made a huge impact behind the scenes that has blessed me personally.”Daugherty jokes that Promise doesnt understand how influential her words are. Instead, the 10-year-old is just excited about the millions of views.“I just tell her not to focus on the numbers,” Daugherty says. “Lets find a way
16、we can be impactful behind this and make an influence and inspire people. Thats all we want.”4. What does the underlined word “afro” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. A hairstyle.B. A disability.C. An attitude.D. A video.5. What did Promise decide to do after being teased by her classmates?A. Seek some adv
17、ice from her mother.B. Make herself look bigger and better.C. Record her sadness on video silently.D. Keep wearing the same hair to school.6. What will Daugherty advise Promise to do when theres something disheartening?A. Switch to a new start.B. Look on the bright side.C. Make necessary changes.D.
18、Share her joy with others.7. How did Daugherty feel about peoples response to the video?A. Embarrassed.B. Worried.C. Confused.D. Surprised.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。10 岁的小女孩 Promise Sawyers 天生拥有蓬松发型，这使她在学校里遭到了同学的取笑。Promise 并没有因此而闷闷不乐， 而是用阳光的心态应对一切，坚守自己的快乐。她的视频激励了很多人。4.A 【解析】词义猜测题。联系画线词所在句中的“with her natu
19、ral hair”和第二段第二句“In it, Sawyers explained that she was feeling some type of way after her classmates had mean things to say after she wore her natural hair the day before.”可知，同学们嘲笑的是她的头发。由此可推知，afro指的是一种发型。故选A。5.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“But she was determined not to let it bring her down, and wore
20、it the same way the following day.”可知，Promise 被同学们嘲笑后，决定第二天仍然保持着同样的发型去上学。故选D。6.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Shes always taught her daughter to meet a negative with a positive, even when somebody is trying to bring her down.”可知，Daugherty 一直教女儿在遇到令她沮丧的事情时用积极乐观的心态去面对。由此可推知，当女儿遇到令人气馁的事情时，Daugherty 会建议她去看到
21、阳光的一面。故选B。7.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中 Daugherty 所说的“We had no idea the impact that it was going to make and the amount of messages”可知，她此前没有料想到这个视频能引起如此大的反响。由此可推知，她对人们对该视频的反应感到吃惊。故选D。C Most squirrels dont hibernate(冬眠). Instead, they store food for the cold season and spend the winter in their nests.
22、But the 13-lined ground squirrel, one species of squirrel in the U.S. Midwest, is not the case. For up to 8 months, the tiny mammals wont eat or drink anything at all and the heart rate, metabolism(新陈代谢), and body temperature dramatically drop during their long rest, which is similar to bears and ot
23、her hibernating animals.To find out how the hibernating squirrels hold back their thirst, a powerful force that could potentially wake them up, and researchers measured the blood fluid of dozens of squirrels. Generally, a high blood concentration(血液浓度) makes animals, including humans, feel thirty. T
24、he sleeping squirrels' blood concentration was low, preventing them from waking up for a drink. Even when researchers woke up the torpid squirrels, they wouldnt drink a drop until the team artificially increased the concentration of their blood serum.Next, the researchers wanted to know how the
25、squirrels blood concentration dropped so low. Perhaps the squirrels drank a lot of water before hibernation to dilute(稀释) their blood, the researchers thought. But when they filmed squirrels preparing for their winter snooze, they found the animals actually drank less water than they normally did.In
26、stead, chemical tests revealed the squirrels regulate their blood concentration by getting rid of electrolytes(电解质)like sodium and other chemicals like glucose and urea and storing them elsewhere in the body (possibly in the bladder), the researchers reported last month in Current Biology. The findi
27、ng could also explain how other hibernating animals stay containing water.This new knowledge might one day help humans with conditions such as diabetes(糖尿病), or astronauts who have launched on long space flights. Unfortunately, even if people can figure out how to drop their blood concentration, its
28、 unlikely theyll ever be as cute as sleeping squirrels.8. What do we know about the 13-lined ground squirrels?A. They dont hibernate like many other squirrels.B. They are endangered species in the U. S. Midwest.C. They can live for months without water during hibernation.D. Their heart rule and body
29、 temperature are extremely abnormal.9. The hibernating squirrels don' feel thirsty because of their_.A. high blood concentrationB. low blood concentrationC. low body temperatureD. high heart rate10. Hibernating squirrels adjust their blood concentrations by_.A. Drinking much water before hiberna
30、tionB. Not eating anything during hibernationC. Drinking less water than they normally doD. Removing certain chemicals and storing them somewhere11. What is the authors attitude towards the new findings?A. ObjectiveB. PositiveC. DisappointingD. Uncaring【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种冬眠的松鼠，地松鼠。它以将电解质从血液中换到其他地方
31、储存的方式来降低血液浓度，而这项发明可能用于治疗糖尿病等人类疾病。8. C 【解析】细节理解题。由第一段For up to 8 months, the tiny mammals wont eat or drink anything at all可知，地松鼠可以多达8个月不吃不喝。即地松鼠冬眠时可以数个月不喝水。故选C。9. B【解析】推理判断题。由第二段a high blood concentration(血液浓度) makes animals, including humans, feel thirty可知血液浓度高促使动物包括人类感到口渴，由此可以推断出冬眠的松鼠不口渴是因为血液浓度低。故
32、选B。10.D 【解析】细节理解题。由倒数第二段chemical tests revealed the squirrels regulate their blood concentration by getting rid of electrolytes(电解质)like sodium and other chemicals like glucose and urea and storing them elsewhere in the body可知，化学测试表明松鼠调节血液浓度是通过将电解质转移至身体其他部位储存的方式进行的，即移走某种特定的物质即电解质，并储存到其他地方。故选D。11.B 【
33、解析】观点态度题。由最后一段可知这项发现可以用来治疗糖尿病或者帮助长时间在太空站的宇航员，有实际运用的价值，即作者对此持积极态度。故选B。DWhat inspires kids to be creative and pursue academic excellence? Some teachers use rewards in recognition of students effort or achievement, giving them prizes, medals, certificates, or money.Psychologists take opposite views of
34、how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, believe
35、that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary(金钱的) rewards sparks creativity in primary school children, suggesting that properly given st
36、imuli(刺激) indeed encourage creativity, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology."If kids know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of D
37、elaware in Newark. "But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards."A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with students lacking in creativity an
38、d motivation, Eisenberger says. As an example of the latter point, he particularly mentions growing efforts to tighten grading standards and adopt failing grades at major universities.In earlier grades, the use of rewarding system, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performanc
39、e-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, Eisenberger claims.12. Psychologists are divided in their attitudes toward _.A. the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewardsB. the amount of monetary rewards for students' creativityC. the re
40、lationship between actions and their consequencesD. the effects of external rewards on students' performance13. Which of the following does NOT belong to examples of “external rewards”?A. Tom received a certificate for winning a speech competition.B. Mary was praised by the teacher for making pr
41、ogress in English.C. Jacky made great efforts to enter a major university.D. John was offered a free summer camp due to his hard work.14. Which of the following can best raise students' creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?A. Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.B. Assignin
42、g them tasks which require creativity.C. Giving them rewards they really deserve.D. Giving them rewards they hope for.15. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they think _.A. rewarding poor performance may kill the creativi
43、ty of studentsB. punishing students is more effective than rewarding themC. failing unmotivated students helps improve their academic standardsD. discouraging students expectation of easy rewards is important【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了心理学家对外部奖励对学生成绩的影响的态度有分歧。而教育工作者则认为适当的外部奖励刺激确实能激发创造力，但是如果给予表现不好的学生奖励则可能会扼
44、杀创造力。12. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. （心理学家对外部奖励(从温暖的表扬到冷冰冰的现金)如何影响动机和创造力持相反的观点）可知，心理学家对外部奖励对学生成绩的影响的态度有分歧。故选D。13.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Psychologists take opposing views of how external r
45、ewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. （心理学家对外部奖励(从温暖的表扬到冷冰冰的现金)如何影响动机和创造力持相反的观点）可知，外部奖励包括表扬到现金。分析选项可知C选项“杰克努力进入一所重点大学。”并不属于“外部奖励”的例子。故选C。14.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段"If kids know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they sho
46、w the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards."（位于纽瓦克的特拉华大学的Robert Eisenberger说:“如果孩子们知道他们是为了奖励而工作，并且能够专注于一个相对有挑战性的任务，他们就会表现出
47、最大的创造力。”“但如果对表现不佳的学生给予奖励，或者对奖励的渴望太强烈，就很容易扼杀创造力。”）提到孩子们是为了获得奖赏而从事一项具有挑战性的工作时创造力最强，而如果对那些表现不好的学生也给予奖赏则会扼杀创造力，可见Robert Eisenberger观点是给他们应得的奖励。故选C。15.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中"But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards."（“但如果对
48、表现不佳的学生给予奖励，或者对奖励的渴望太强烈，就很容易扼杀创造力。”）可知，如果一个老师对表现不好的学生也给予奖赏就会导致学生缺乏创造力，故从文章中可以推断，各大大学正试图提高他们的评分标准，是因为他们认为奖励不好的表现可能会扼杀学生的创造力。故选A。第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。As high school students, we must spend the vast majority of our time in class and reading books. 16. Wit
49、hout a friend, our world would be a wilderness. What kind of friends should we pick? What are the dos and donts of friendship? Here are some of my opinions.17. We may consider different people we meet every day to be nice and feel like making friends with them. However, not all good people are matches for us. Rather than make friends with the popular students, we should spend time with those we have
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