1、第二节第二节 非谓语动词非谓语动词 考向分析 热考点 语法填空主要考查作宾语、 状语、 宾补及定语; 非谓语作主语一般不直接考查, 而是结合主谓一致考查。 短文改错考查基本用法:介词后用 v.- ing;to do 作宾补;v.- ing 作状语;形容 词化的 v.- ing 和 v.- ed 的区别。 新考向 2019 高考全国卷加强了对非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语和定语的考查。 题型一题型一 关于非谓语动词的语法填空关于非谓语动词的语法填空 1Scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(
2、聚集) around human settlements.(2019 全国) 答案 noting 解析 考查非谓语动词。介词 by 后应用 v.- ing 形式作宾语,故填 noting。 2A 90- year- old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for (be) Britains oldest full- time employeestill working 40 hours a week.(2019 全国) 答案 being 解析 考查非谓语动词。介词 for 后应用 v.- ing 形式作宾语,故填 being。 3But some st
3、udents didnt want (wear) the uniform.(2019 浙江) 答案 to wear 解析 考查非谓语动词。want 后加不定式作宾语,构成 want to do sth.“想要做某事”。故填 to wear。 4I still remember (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.(2018 浙江) 答案 visiting 解析 考查动名词作宾语。remember
4、 doing sth.记得做过某事。 5You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running.(2018 全国) 答案 dying 解析 考查非谓语动词。介词 of 后接动词时要用其动名词形式,故填 dying。 6I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.(2018 全国) 答案 looking 解析 考
5、查非谓语动词。avoid 后接动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth.避免做某事。 7Fast food is full of fat and salt;by (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017 全国) 答案 eating 解析 考查非谓语动词。表示方式的介词 by 后接动名词作宾语。故填 eating。 8This included digging up the road, (lay) the track and then building a
6、 strong roof over the top.(2017 全国) 答案 laying 解析 考查非谓语动词。included 后的 dig,lay,build 是三个并列的动作,根据 digging 及 building 可知,lay 也应用动名词形式。 9 But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017 全国) 答案 to prove 解析 考查固定搭配。want to do sth.想要做某事,
7、为固定搭配。 1介词后跟 v.- ing 构成介宾结构:by/of/from/with/without/after 等。 2需加 v.- ing 作宾语的动词(词组):avoid,enjoy,finish,admit,consider,escape,advise, suggest,mind,include,keep,recommend,practice,imagine,dream of,set about 等。 3to 为介词的短语: be/get/become used to doing 习惯于 be accustomed to doing 习惯于 be addicted to doing
8、沉溺于;对上瘾 be opposed to doing 反对 object to doing 反对 devote oneself to 献身于;专心于 be devoted to 致力于;忠诚于 be admitted to 被录取;准许进入 lead to doing 导致 contribute to doing 贡献;导致;促进 look forward to doing sth.期待做某事 stick to doing sth.坚持做某事 be equal to sth.胜任做某事 have access to 有接近(某物的)方法 attach great importance to
9、doing sth.重视做某事 get down to doing sth.开始做某事 the key/approach to doing sth.做某事的关键/方法 when it comes to 当谈到 4需加 to do 作宾语的动词: agree,afford,attempt,choose,decide,determine,expect, fail,hope,manage,offer,pretend,plan,promise,refuse,want,wish,would like 等。 接 to do 与 v.- ing 含义有区别的动词: try to do sth.尽力做某事/t
10、ry doing sth.试着去做某事 mean to do sth.打算去做某事/mean doing sth.意味着做某事 regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事/regret doing sth.后悔做了某事 remember to do sth.记得要去做某事/remember doing sth.记得做过某事 forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事/forget doing sth.忘记做过了某事 stop to do sth.停下去做别的事/stop doing sth.停下正在做的事 go on to do sth.接着做另外的事/go on doing st
11、h.继续做原来的事 cant help doing sth.禁不住/忍不住做某事/cant help to do sth.不能帮助做某事/have no choice but to do sth.别无选择只能做某事 1Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene declared she had no plans (retire) from her 36- year- old business.(2019 全国) 答案 to retire 解析 考查不定式作定语。此处用 to do sth.作后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词 pla
12、n,表示 “的计划”,故填 to retire。 2When we got a call (say) she was short- listed,we thought it was a joke.(2019 全国) 答案 saying 解析 考查非谓语动词。 动词 say 与其逻辑主语 a call 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系, 故此处用现 在分词作后置定语,故填 saying。 3On the last day of our week- long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the
13、 North Shore under the stars, (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.(2019 全国) 答案 listening 解析 考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”,所以 listen 应用非谓语动词形式。 we 与 listen to 之间是主动关系,故用现在分词短语作伴随状语。也可由 and 前后连接两个并 列的结构这一规律解题, and 后的 meeting interesting locals 为分词形式, 故空格处填 listening。 4 Nervously (face
14、) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”(2019 北京) 答案 facing 解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动词作状语,非谓语动词的逻辑 主语是句子的主语 I,主语 I 与动词 face 之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。 5Earth Day, (mark) on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
15、(2019 北京) 答案 marked 解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为:地球日即 4 月 22 日,是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度 活动。根据句意以及句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动词作定语;动词 mark 与 Earth Day 之间 是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词作定语。 6 (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment,many senior citizens started to use smart phones.(2019 江苏) 答案 To enjoy 解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为:为了享受电子支付的方便,很多老年市民开始使用智能手 机。分析
16、句子结构可知,这里表示目的,故用不定式作目的状语。故选 A。 7Chinas image is improving steadily,with more countries (recognize) its role in international affairs.(2019 江苏) 答案 recognizing 解析 考查 with 复合结构。分析句子可知,此处是 with 复合结构,动词 recognize 与其逻辑 主语 countries 之间是主谓关系,故用现在分词形式。 8Chinas approach to protecting its environment while (fe
17、ed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the banks Juergen Voegele.(2018 全国) 答案 feeding 解析 考查非谓语动词之现在分词。China 与 feed 是主动关系,所以用“连词现在分词” 形式作状语。 9Once his message was delivered,he allowed me (stay) and watch.(2018 全国) 答案 to stay 解析 考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。all
18、ow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事,为固定搭配。 10Ordinary soap, (use) correctly,can deal with bacteria effectively.(2018 北京) 答案 used 解析 因为句子中已有谓语动词,故此处要用非谓语动词形式。句子的主语与 use 之间是被 动关系,因此应用过去分词,即过去分词作状语,used correctly 相当于 if it is used correctly 这个条件状语从句的省略形式。句意为:普通的肥皂,如果使用得当,可以有效地清除细菌。 11I need a new passport so I wil
19、l have to have my photograph (take)(2018 天津) 答案 taken 解析 句意为:我需要一个新护照,因此我得去让人给我照相。本题考查 have sth.done 结构, 意为“让别人做某事,让被做”。my photograph 与 take 之间是被动关系,故需用 take 的过去分词形式。 12They are required (process) the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.(2017 全国) 答案 to proc
20、ess 解析 考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。require sth.to do sth.需要某物做某事,此处用了被动语 态结构,所以填动词不定式 to process 作主语补足语。 1非谓语动词和其逻辑主语构成一定的关系:v.- ing 表示主动、进行;v.- ed 表示被动、完成, to do 表将来。 非谓语作定语,逻辑主语是所修饰的名词。 非谓语作状语,逻辑主语往往是句子的主语。 非谓语作宾补,逻辑主语是宾语。 2提分小诀窍: 结果状语 av.- ing 表示自然而然的结果。 bto do 表出乎意料的结果,往往构成 only to do 结构。 to do 作目的状语往往不和主句用逗号
21、隔开;v.- ing 作伴随、时间、条件或结果状语,往往 用逗号与主句隔开。 to do 作宾补的动词 ask sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事 allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事 encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 expect sb.to do sth.期望某人做某事 forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事 invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事 permit sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事 persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事 tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做
22、某事 感官使役动词 感 官 使 役 动 词 5 看 look at sb.do (省略 to 的不定式) sb.doing sth.done see watch notice observe 3 使 make let have 2 听 hear listen to 1 感 feel 特 殊 4 find sb.doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事 sth.done 发现某事被做 catch sb.doing sth.当场抓住某人做某事 keep sb./sth.doing sth.让某人/某物持续做某事 oneself done 让某人自己 leave sb.doing sth.让某人一直
23、做某事 sth.undone 留下某事未做 1 get sth.donehave sth.done 使由别人去做 sb.doing sth.使某人开始做某事 sb.to do sth.have sb.do sth.使某人做某事 to do 作定语 the first,second(序数词),next,only 或者形容词最高级,需要用 to do 作定语。 有些名词后跟不定式作宾语,即:promise,plan,attempt,offer,decision,ability,chance, way,aim,goal,ambition,purpose,willingness 等。 with 的复合
24、结构 with宾语doing(表示主动且进行) with宾语done(表示被动且完成) with宾语to do(表示将来) 1On our way to the house,it was raining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take (get) there.(2019 全国) 答案 to get 解析 考查动词不定式。 此处是句式“It takes sb.some time to do sth.”表示“某人花费多长时 间做某事”,其中 it 为形式主语,to do 不定式为真正的主语。故填 to ge
25、t。 2 (learn) to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future.(2019 天津) 答案 Learning 解析 考查动名词。分析句子结构可知,主句的谓语动词是 is,is 之前的内容是主语,故此 处应用动名词短语作主语。 3I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel (challenge)(2018 全国) 答案 ch
26、allenged 解析 考查形容词化的 v.- ed。 连系动词 feel 后要接形容词作表语。 challenged adj.受到挑战的; challenging adj.困难的,富有挑战性的。由语境可知,填 challenged。 4While regularly eating out seems to (become) common for many young people in recent years,its not without a cost.(2018 浙江) 答案 have become 解析 根据语境和时间状语 in recent years 可知,此处应该用现在完成时,
27、说明造成的结果或 影响,即 have become。 5 (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.(2018 北京) 答案 Traveling 解析 考查动名词。分析句子结构可知,主句的谓语动词是 is,is 之前的内容是主语,故此 处应用动名词短语作主语。 6Do you find yourself getting impatient or (annoy) with people over unimportant things?(2016 上海) 答案 annoyed 解析 考查形
28、容词化的 v.- ed。形容词 annoyed 表示“恼怒的,烦恼的”,该词是由过去分词 转换而来的形容词,通常修饰人。本句中该词和 impatient 一起与系动词 get 构成系表结构。 1非谓语作主语 确定谓语动词,然后确定是否是非谓语动词作主语。v.- ing 表一般习惯性的动作;to do 表具 体的动作。 2 系动词(4 个) seem, appear, prove, turn out 和抽象名词(5 个) aim, goal, ambition, purpose, wish 后用不定式作表语。 3设空前为系动词,含 be,get,go,feel,grow,become,seem,
29、后面非谓语的形式根据 含义选择 v.- ing 或者 v.- ed。 4形容词化的 v.- ing,表示名词的属性,表“令人的”人或物;形容词化的 v.- ed,表示 名词的心理状态。翻译成:“感到的”;一般修饰 voice,look,expression 时,其前往 往用 v.- ed 形式,表示内心的感受。 amusing有趣的 amused感到有趣的 boring令人厌倦的 bored厌倦的 encouraging令人鼓舞的 encouraged受到鼓励的 frightening令人害怕的 frightened害怕的 disappointing令人失望的 disappointed失望的
30、shocking令人震惊的 shocked震惊的 terrifying令人害怕的 terrified非常害怕的 annoying令人烦恼的 annoyed烦恼的 confusing令人困惑的 confused困惑的 discouraging令人泄气的 discouraged泄气的 inspiring令人鼓舞的 inspired受到鼓舞的 puzzling使人迷惑的 puzzled迷惑的 1Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid- 1980s,and are e
31、xpensive (perform) consistently over a large area.(2019 全国) 答案 to perform 解析 考查非谓语动词。 本句含有“主语beadj.不定式”结构, 主语通常是不定式动作 的承受者,不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。故填 to perform。 2I didnt mean (eat)anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help (try) it.(2018 天津) 答案 to eat;trying 解析 句意为:我没打算吃东西,但这冰激凌看上去如此美味以至于
32、我忍不住尝了下。mean to do sth.打算做某事;mean doing sth.意味着做某事;cant help doing sth.禁不住/忍不住做某 事;cant help (to) do sth.不能帮助做某事。 3But unlike her school friends,16- year- old Sarah is not spending half- term (rest) (2017 全国) 答案 resting 解析 考查固定搭配。spend time (in) doing sth.“花时间做某事”为固定搭配。 4If you find something you lo
33、ve doing outside of the office,youll be less likely _ (bring) your work home.(2016 全国) 答案 to bring 解析 考查不定式的用法。be likely to do sth.很可能做某事。 5It took years of work (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. (2014 新课标全国) 答案 to reduce 解析 此处为固定句式“It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.”这个句式里 it 是
34、形式主语, 不定式 是真正的主语。 1to do enough to do sth.足够()去做某事 be likely to do sth.很可能做某事 too.to.太而不能 be used to do sth.被用来做某事 be designed to do sth.被设计用来做某事 be intended to do sth.打算做某事 tend to 倾向于 be to blame 应受责备(无被动) aim to do sth.旨在做某事 be eager to do sth.渴望做某事 the first/last(序数词) to do sth.第一个/最后一个做某事的人 the
35、 aim/ability/chance/opportunity/plan/promise/purpose/ambition/goal/target to do sth.做某事的目的/能力/机会/计划/承诺/目的/雄心/目标 cant/can hardly wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事 There is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事。 It takes sb.some time to do sth.某人花多少时间做某事。 sb./sth.be said/be supposed/believed/be thought/known/reported to do/
36、to be done/to have done 据说/认为/报道某人/某物 it remains to be seen.尚待分晓;拭目以待 2v.- ing be (well) worth doing sth.值得做某事 cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 have fun doing sth.做某事很开心 feel like doing sth.想做某事 get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 Its no use/good/pleasure (in) doing sth.做某事没有用处/好处/乐趣 have difficulty/trouble (in
37、) doing sth.做某事有困难 have a difficult/hard time (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事 spend money/time (in) doing sth.花费金钱或时间做某事 prevent/stop.(from) doing sth.阻止做某事 aim at doing sth.旨在做某事 succeed (in) doing sth.成功地做成了某事 There is no sense/point (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义。 主语beadj.to do 句型 适用于此
38、结构的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant, nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous 等。 题型二题型二 关于非谓语动词的短文改错关于非谓语动词的短文改错 1All the football players on the playground cheered loudly,say that I had a talent for football. (2019 全国) 答案 saysaying 解析 考查现在分词。句中的 say 与其逻辑主语 All the football
39、players 之间是主动关系,且 其表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生,应用现在分词作状语,表示伴随状况。故将 say 改为 saying。 2Everyone was silent,wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud. (2018 全国) 答案 waitwaiting 解析 考查非谓语动词。Everyone was silent 句子主系表结构完整,没有并列连词和从句引 导词,所以 wait 应该用非谓语形式。 Everyone 和 wait 之间是主动关系,所以用 waiting 作 伴
40、随状语。 3 Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner.(2013 新课标全国) 答案 HaveHaving 解析 考查非谓语动词。“Have tea in the late afternoon”是本句话的主语,动词原形不可以 作主语,应将“Have”改成“Having”。 根据句子结构判定:首先分析句子结构,若句子已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时,动词必定 用作非谓语动词;当动词确定是非谓语动词时,要根据非谓语动词和它的逻辑主语之间的关 系来判断是用现在分词还是用过去分词或不定式。 1I w
41、ant my cafe have a special theme such as “Tang Dynasty”(2019 全国) 答案 have 前加 to 解析 考查固定搭配。want sb./sth.to do sth.“想要某人/某物做某事”。故在 have 前加 to。 2 No matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me. (2018 全国) 答案 watchingwatch 解析 考查固定搭配。ask to do sth.要求做某事。 3Some of us were con
42、fident and eager take part in the class activity;others were nervous and anxious.(2018 全国) 答案 eager 后加 to 解析 考查固定搭配。(be) eager to do sth.渴望做某事,为固定搭配。 1help (to) do, to 可省 2感官和使役动词: 5 看 look at, see,watch, notice,observe 3 使 make,let, have 2 听 hear,listen to 1 感 feel 注意:后接不定式作宾补,省略 to;但是变为被动的时候,需要补上
43、to。 3常考点: ask sb.to do sth.,invite sb.to do sth.,be eager to do sth., promise to do sth.,情态动词(not) 动词原形(不能有 to) 1If I succeed in manage one,I will open more.(2019 全国) 答案 managemanaging 解析 考查固定搭配。succeed (in) doing sth.成功做成某事。故把 manage 改为 managing。 2My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot
44、 by sell the fish. (2018 全国) 答案 sellselling 解析 考查非谓语动词。by 是介词,后接动名词作宾语。故把 sell 改为 selling。 3We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.(2016 全国) 答案 taketaking 解析 考查非谓语动词。此处为 between.and.结构,根据前面的 staying at home 可知,此处 也要用动名词形式,与前面保持一致。 介词后v.- ing:by/of/from/with/without/after 等。 1I became
45、interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.(2019 全国) 答案 interestinginterested 解析 考查形容词化的分词。句意为:多亏一个偶然的事件,我对踢足球产生了兴趣。 interesting“有趣的,吸引人的”,通常描述事物;interested“感兴趣的”,通常描述人的感 受。本句主语是人,故把 interesting 改为 interested。 2One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much
46、 better after seeing a doctor.(2019 全国) 答案 amazingamazed 解析 考查形容词化的分词。amazed 吃惊的,惊讶的;amazing 令人吃惊的,令人惊讶的。 v.- ed 形容词说明人的感受,意为“感到的”;v.- ing 形容词描述人或事物本身具有的特 征,意为“令人的”,此处说明主语 I 的感受,故用 v.- ed 形式的形容词。 3In their spare time,they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden,which is on the rooftop
47、 of their house.(2017 全国) 答案 interestinginterested 解析 考查形容词化的分词。interesting 意为“有趣的”,多指事物;interested 意为“感兴 趣的”,多指人。该句的主语是 they,故用 interested。be interested in 对感兴趣。 1形容词化的 v.- ing,表示“令人的”,常修饰物。 2形容词化的 v.- ed,表示“感到的”,常修饰人。 3特别注意的几个词汇:voice,look,expression,其前往往用 v.- ed 修饰,表示内心的感受。 增分训练增分训练 增分单句训练 .单句语法填
48、空 1To guarantee the safety of the palace,festival organizers (plan) this years Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. (2019 湖北八校联考) 答案 planning 解析 考查非谓语动词。句子的主语为 festival organizers,谓语动词为 used,由此确定 plan 需要用非谓语形式。plan 和其逻辑主语,即句子的主语 festival organizers 构成主动关系,所 以应该用 v.- ing 形式。 2The effect was so wonderful that Da Shuhua