1、第四节第四节 主旨大意题主旨大意题 一、标题归纳题一、标题归纳题 (2019 全国，B) For Western designers，China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative. “Its no secret that China has always been a source(来源) of inspiration for designers，” says Amanda Hill，chief creative officer at AE Networks，a global medi
2、a company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows. Earlier this year，the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China- inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art，with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学) on West
3、ern fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries.The exhibition had record attendance，showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences. “China is impossible to overlook，” says Hill.“Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams t
4、o women all over the world，which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashionthey are central to its movement.” Of course，not only are todays top Western designers being influenced by Chinasome of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.“Vera Wang， Alexander Wang，
5、Jason Wu are taking on Galliano， Albaz， Marc Jacobsand beating them hands down in design and sales， ” adds Hill. For Hill，it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion.“The most famous designers are Chinese， so are the models， and so are the consumers， ” she
6、says.“China is no longer just another market；in many senses it has become the market.If you talk about fashion today， you are talking about Chinaits influences， its direction， its breathtaking clothes，and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.” 语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章以
7、国外视角介绍中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影 响，展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。 24What can we learn about the exhibition in New York? AIt promoted the sales of artworks. BIt attracted a large number of visitors. CIt showed ancient Chinese clothes. DIt aimed to introduce Chinese models. 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The exhibition had rec
8、ord attendance，showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.”可知，这次在纽约的展览拥有破纪录的出席人数， 故选 B。 25What does Hill say about Chinese women? AThey are setting the fashion. BThey start many fashion campaigns. CThey admire super models. DThey do business all over the world. 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可
9、知，中国女性不仅是时尚的消费者，她们还是时尚 发展的核心。据此可知答案为 A。 26What do the underlined words “taking on” in Paragraph 4 mean? ALearning from. BLooking down on. CWorking with. DCompeting against. 答案 D 解析 词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句中的“Vera Wang，Alexander Wang，Jason Wu are taking on Galliano，Albaz，Marc Jacobsand beating them hands down
10、 in design and sales”可 知，三位中国最优秀的时装设计者在设计和销量方面击败了三位顶尖的西方设计师，据此可 推知 take on 在该句中表示“与较量”，故选 D。 27What can be a suitable title for the text? AYoung Models Selling Dreams to the World BA Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York CDifferences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics DChinese Culture Fueling
11、International Fashion Trends 答案 D 解析 标题归纳题。 通读全文可知， 本文主要介绍了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响， 展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。故 D 项作为文章标题最合适。 一、题型解读 记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。设问 形式常有： (1)Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? (2)What can be a suitable title for the passage/text? (3)What is t
12、he best title for this passage? (4)The most suitable title of this passage is “ ” 一个好的标题应具备三大特点：概括准确而又简短；针对性标题外延正好与文章内 容相符；醒目能引发读者的阅读欲望。 二、解题技巧 1“高度概括”定标题 (1)所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。 为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。 (2)一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句， 需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。 2文章标题三特点
13、 (1)形式一般为单词、短语或句子，短语居多； (2)短小精悍，精确性强； (3)涵盖性强，能覆盖全文大意。 例如： 【真题感悟】中第 27 题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了中国文化及中国美学对国际 时尚的影响，展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。故 D 项作为文章标题最合适。 A (2019 湖南长沙雅礼中学一模) Laughter is part of the 1universal human vocabulary.All members of the human species understand it.Unlike English or French or Swahili， w
14、e dont have to learn to speak it.Were born with the capacity to laugh. Very little is known about the specific brain mechanisms responsible for laughter.5Contrary to folk wisdom，most laughter is not about humor；it is about relationships.12To find out when and why people laugh，I went with several ass
15、istants to local malls and recorded what happened just before people laughed.Over a 10- year period，we studied over 2,000 cases of naturally 10occurring laughter. We found that most laughter does not necessarily follow jokes.People may laugh after a variety of statements，such as，“Here comes Mary.” “
16、How did you do on the test？” or “Do you have a rubber band？” These certainly arent jokes. We believe laughter 6evolved from the panting( 喘 气 的 ) behavior of our ancient ancestors.Today，if we tickle (使发痒) chimps，they dont laugh.But，instead，they produce a panting sound.Thats the sound of ape laughter，
17、and its the root of human laughter. Apes laugh in the kinds of situations that lead to human laughter，like games that involve chasing.Other animals produce sounds during play， but they are so different from laughter.Rats， for example，produce high sounds during play and when tickled，but these are ver
18、y different in sound from human laughter. Laughter is often positive，but it can be negative too.Theres a difference between “laughing with” and “laughing at”People who laugh at others may be trying to drive them out of the group. No one has actually counted how much people of different ages laugh，bu
19、t young children probably laugh the most.At ages 5 and 6 we probably laugh more than at any other times.Adults laugh less than children，probably because they play less. Work now 2underway will tell us more about the brain mechanisms behind laughter，how it has evolved，and why were so susceptible to t
20、ickling. 语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。笑容是全世界通用的语言，是世上最温暖的语言。本文探讨 了“人类为什么笑”这个话题。 1What was the purpose of the decades research? ATo prove that people laugh because of humor. BTo find out the real reason for peoples laughter. CTo research peoples different reaction on jokes. DTo record conversations among shoppers i
21、n malls. 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。由题干中的“the decades research”可定位至文章第二段最后两句，由 该段倒数第二句“To find out when and why people laugh.”可知，这十年的研究是为了弄清 楚人类什么时候以及为什么会笑。故 B 项正确。 2What can we learn from the text? APeople who play more tend to laugh more. BApes produce high sounds when tickled. CScientists know the brain mecha
22、nisms responsible for laughter well. DThe situations in which apes laugh are very different from those in which humans laugh. 答案 A 解析 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“At ages 5 and 6 we probably laugh more than at any other times.Adults laugh less than children，probably because they play less.”可知，玩得越 多的人笑得越多。故 A 项
23、正确。 3What does the underlined word “susceptible” in the last paragraph probably mean? ASensitive. BFlexible. CAddictive. DReliable. 答案 A 解析 词义猜测题。联系上下文可知 susceptible(易受影响的，敏感的)与 sensitive 的意思最为 接近。故选 A。 4Which of the following might be the best title for the text? AThe Impact of Laughter BThe Meanin
24、g of Laughter CA Big Mystery：Why Do We Laugh? DLaughter：The Most Beautiful Word 答案 C 解析 标题归纳题。笑容是全世界通用的语言，是世上最温暖的语言，本文探讨了“人类为 什么笑”这个话题。故 C 项为最佳标题。 B (2019 河北五个一名校联盟) Most people who own mobile phones use them as their alarm clocksmaking it very easy to check emails one last time before falling aslee
25、p and hard to ever feel away from work and social networks. Several years ago，my boss fainted due to 7exhaustion after staying up late to catch up on work.She banged her head and ended up with five stitches(缝针)and became what she calls a “sleep evangelist(传教士)” Now she leaves her mobile phone 11char
26、ging in another room when she goes to bed and encourages her friends to do the same. “I sent all my friends the same Christmas gifta lovely alarm clockso they could stop using the excuse that they needed their very attractive mobile phones by their beds to wake them up in the morning，” she said. If
27、your mobile phone wakes you up in the morning，it may also be keeping you up at night.A 2008 study showed that people exposed to mobile radiation took longer to fall asleep and spent less time in deep sleep.“13The study 8indicates that during laboratory exposure to 884 MHz wireless signals，components
28、 of sleep believed to be important for recovery from daily 3wear and tear are 9severely affected，” the study concluded. A quarter of young people feel like they must be available by mobile phone 4around the clock，according to a Swedish study that linked heavy cellphone use to sleeping problems，stres
29、s and depression.Unreturned messages carry more guilt when the technology to deal with them lies at our fingertips.Some teens even return text messages at midnight. Most of us choose not to set limits on our nighttime availability.Nearly three quarters of people from the age of 18 to 44 sleep with t
30、heir mobile phones within reach，according to a 2012 Time poll.That number falls off slightly in middle age，but only people aged 65 and older are leaving the mobile phone in another room as common as sleeping right next to it. 语篇解读 本文属于科普类说明文，讲述现在越来越多的人在睡觉的时候把手机放在旁边， 这会严重影响人们的睡眠质量， 有些人已经选择把手机放在其他地方来保
31、证自己的睡眠质量。 5Why did the authors boss start to enjoy sleeping? AHer friends encouraged her to sleep on time. BMobile phones couldnt wake her up on time. CHer friends sent her a lovely clock to wake her up. DShe got hurt due to working too late. 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。 根据第二段前两句可知， 作者的老板由于熬夜赶工而筋疲力尽晕倒在地， 并且头部缝了五针
32、，最终她成为“睡眠传教士”，鼓励大家多睡觉。因此作者的老板开始享 受睡眠是因为受到了伤害，故选 D。 6Why did the authors boss give her friends alarm clocks as Christmas gifts? AAlarm clocks dont give off any radiation. BAlarm clocks are better at waking her friends up. CShe advised them to replace mobile phones with alarm clocks. DShe used alarm c
33、locks to remind them not to work too late. 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者的老板送给朋友闹钟是为了不再让他们用把手机 当闹钟的借口而影响睡眠，让他们用闹钟来替代手机，故选 C。 7What can we learn from the 2008 study? AMobile radiation makes people unable to fall asleep. BMobile phones can release 884 MHz wired signals. CSleep can help people fight against
34、radiation. DComponents of sleep can be seriously affected by wireless signals. 答案 D 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“The study indicates that during laboratory exposure to 884 MHz wireless signals， components of sleep believed to be important for recovery from daily wear and tear are severely affected.”可知，2008 年的
35、一份研究表明，在实验中暴露于 884 兆 赫的无线信号中，修复白天身体损耗很重要的睡眠因子受到严重影响。由此可知，无线电信 号会严重影响睡眠质量，故选 D。 8What is the best title for the passage? AHow Mobile Phones Affect Sleep BWhy Alarm Clocks Are Better than Phones CHow We Can Sleep Better at Night DHow Mobile Phones Affect Health 答案 A 解析 标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文阐述越来越多的人在睡觉的时候把
36、手机放在旁 边，这会严重影响其睡眠质量，阐述了手机与睡眠的关系，故选 A。 .障碍词汇突破 (一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思 1There is a universal love for basketball in the country among all walks of life.普遍的，全体的 2Preparations for the arrival of the senior representative from the UN are already underway. 在进行中的 3These products can stand wear and tear，w
37、hich will definitely be attractive in the market.磨损 4Some stores stay open around the clock，while others do business for only a few hours a day. 夜以继日地，昼夜不停地 (二)同义词语替换 5Contrary to the belief that rock music is always angry and noisy，his trademark(标志性的) style is quiet but powerful.opposed to 6The com
38、pany has evolved over the years into a multi- million dollar organization.developed 7There are many symptoms of depression.They include lack of sleep，strong feeling of exhaustion，and difficulty concentrating throughout the day.tiredness 8Research indicates that over 81% of teachers are dissatisfied
39、with their salaries.shows 9The school buildings were severely damaged in the earthquake and students had to study at a local company，which changed its workshop into a temporary classroom.seriously (三)一词多义 10occur v发生；被想起 (1)A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China.发生 (2)It occ
40、urred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.被想起 11charge v& n主管，负责 n费用 v收费；控告；充电；进攻 (1)When lions are hiding for an attack by a water hole，they wait patiently and can charge at any second.v.进攻 (2)Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales please? n主管
41、，负责 (3)Do you think museums should charge for admission？v.收费 (4)She is charged with murdering her husband.v控告 (5)The monthly charge for this service is only $29，which is quite reasonable.n.费用 (6)It became a routine for us to charge our phone frequently even in a day.v.充电 .长难句理解 12To find out when an
42、d why people laugh，I went with several assistants to local malls and recorded what happened just before people laughed. 句式分析 本句为主从复合句。 句首的 To find out 是目的状语，句子的主语是 I，谓语动 词 went 和 recorded 由 and 连接。what 引导的是宾语从句。 精美译文 为了弄清楚人们发笑的时间和原因， 我和几个助手去了当地的购物中心， 记录 了人们发笑之前的事情。 13The study indicates that during
43、laboratory exposure to 884 MHz wireless signals，components of sleep believed to be important for recovery from daily wear and tear are severely affected. 句式分析 本句为复合句。 that 引导的是宾语从句。 从句是主谓结构， 主语是 components of sleep， are severely affected 是被动结构； believed to be important for recovery from daily wear a
44、nd tear 是过去分词作定语，这本身是一个句型：sb./sth.be said/believed/reported to do， 表示“据说/据认为/据报道”。 精美译文 该研究表明，在实验室里暴露于 884 兆赫无线信号时，被认为对日常(身体)损 耗的恢复很重要的睡眠因子受到严重影响。 强化练强化练(十九十九) .阅读理解 A “Mirror mirror on the wall，whos the fairest of them all？” An old tale tells a seemingly unbelievable story of a magic mirror，but now
45、 the magic is no longer unachievable. In August 2018，news went viral(广为传播的) that the police had caught criminal suspects who attended Chinese singer Jacky Cheungs concerts.How did the police pick out the suspects among thousands of screaming fans？The helping hand is AI facial recognition technology.
46、The low- key yet powerful tool is no longer far- fetched， but entering the world of Chinas top investors and companies. Facial recognition is a technology able to identify a person from a digital image or a frame from a video source.Tang Wenbin，CTO of Face ，an AI computer vision(视觉) technology compa
47、ny in China，vividly explained the workflow.According to him，facial recognition is the identification of our appearance，including knowing the sex，age and identity of a person.You may think it is like a brain or a neural network.You use data to train it，and then，it learns the pattern. Facial recogniti
48、on technology has been traditionally allied with the security work，but today there is active expansion into other industries including mobile phones ， marketing and finance.Chinese start- ups have seen the potential of AI facial recognition for simplifying and speeding up tasks in multiple industrie
49、s.And the market is now crowded and competitive. China is starting the AI revolution and has made breakthroughs in facial recognition.“If applying AI to different industries is a marathon， the companies there probably have just got off the blocks，” said Tian Feng，director of Alibaba Cloud Research Center.He also thinks that in the future，everybody will be able to use AI as it will soon become a basic tool for work and life. 语篇解读 本文是科普说明文，讲述了人工
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