1、,Unit 1 The written word,PART 1,语法导学,PART 2,达标检测,GrammarNegative words and negative statements,PART 1,语法导学,感悟规律 重点难点剖析,感知以下句子，并完成方框下的小题,语法感知,1.I am afraid you have not appreciated the urgency of the matter. 2.In the short term，the medicine may not be very effective. 3.The job does not require any fo
2、rmal training. 4.This kind of fast food is not fit for my appetite. 5.No horse has a speed comparable to that of his. 6.I seldom go home after five oclock in the afternoon.,(1)以上例句中黑体部分构成句子的 形式。 (2)句1、3中黑体部分的构成特点是由_构成否定。 (3)句2中黑体部分的构成特点是由_构成否定。 (4)句4中黑体部分的构成特点是由_构成否定。 (5)句5中的no和句6中的seldom本身表示_。,查看答案
3、,助动词加not,情态动词加not,系动词加not,否定意义,否定,语法精析,一、英语中的否定结构形式多样，有部分否定、全部否定、双重否定和几乎否定等。 1.部分否定 all，both，every，everybody，every day，everyone，many，always，often等与not搭配使用时，表示部分否定，意思是“并非都，不是每个都”等。如： Both of them are not my brothers. 他们两个不全是我的兄弟。 This kind of tree is not found everywhere. 这种树并非哪里都能找到。,All is not gold
4、 that glitters. 发光的并非都是金子。 I dont agree with all of you. 我同意你们当中一些人的看法。 注意：all，both，everybody等用在表语和谓语为unhappy，fail等否定意义词的句子中，或用在有否定前缀的词作表语的句子中，是全部否定，不是部分否定。如： All of them were unhappy.No one was happy. 他们都不幸福。,2.全部否定 英语中表示全部否定时常用not，no，none，nobody，nothing，nowhere，neither，never等。如： None of my friends
5、 smoke. 我的朋友都不抽烟。 注意：正确区分部分否定和全部否定对理解句子是很重要的。比较： I dont know any of them. 我全不认识他们。(全部否定) I dont know all of them. 我并非都认识他们。(部分否定),3.双重否定 双重否定是指同一个句子里出现两个否定词。双重否定句表示的意思是肯定的，通常比肯定句的语气更重。译成汉语时可以译成肯定形式，也可译成双重否定形式。表示双重否定的词和结构有：no(not).without，without exception，not unlike等。如： At the beginning of learning
6、English you can not speak it without making mistakes. 开始学英语时不可能不犯错误。 All students without exception must take the English examination. 所有学生都必须参加英语考试，无一例外。,4.几乎否定 几乎否定(又称半否定)表示整个句子的意思接近于否定。常用的词有：little，few，barely，hardly，rarely，scarcely，seldom等。如： This problem has been little studied. 这个问题几乎没有被研究过。 He
7、 would hardly recognize his hometown if he saw it now. 如果他现在看到他的家乡，他将很难认出来了。,5.形式肯定，意义否定 从形式上看没有否定词，但却表达的是否定的意思。这类表达最常用的是too.to.，意思是“太而不能”。如： The book is too difficult for beginners to read. 这本书太难了，初学者读不了。 注意：too.to.结构也可以表示肯定的意义。too之前如果有but，all，only等词，即构成but too，only too，all too等形式，其意思相当于very，quite，
8、extremely，与其连用的不定式表示肯定意义。如： He is only too pleased to help her. 他非常高兴帮助她。,二、引起否定的四种特殊情况 1.名词引起的否定 名词如：neglect，failure，absence，shortage，reluctance，loss，lack等可表示否定含义。如： A few new instruments are in a state of neglect. 一些新仪器处于无人管理的状态。,2.动词或动词短语引起的否定 常见的能引起否定的动词或动词短语有：miss，deny，lack，refuse，escape，resist
9、，reject，decline，doubt，fail，give up，protect/keep/prevent.from等。如： I rather doubt if her words are true. 我一点也不确定她的话是不是真的。 We prevented the fire from spreading. 我们阻止了火势的蔓延。,3.形容词短语引起的否定 常见的能引起否定的形容词短语有：far from，free from，short of，impatient of，absent from，ignorant of/about，different from等。如： His explana
10、tion is far from satisfactory. 他的解释远不能让人满意。,4.介词或介词短语引起的否定 常见的能引起否定的介词或介词短语有：without，beyond，instead of，in vain，but for，out of the question等。如： Her beauty is beyond compare. 她的美丽是无与伦比的。 Please lend me that dictionary instead of this one. 请借给我那本字典而不是这本。,三、几种常见的否定结构的比较 1.no名词与not a(an，any)名词 no用来否定名词；n
11、ot用来否定动词、副词或形容词。no否定名词时往往带有感情色彩，用在表示职业或人物的名词前常带有贬义，意思是“无资格，外行，不会”等。比较： He is no doctor at all.他对医道一窍不通。 He is not a doctor.他不是从医的。,2.no more.than与not more.than no more.than含有消极、否定的意思。译为“都不，不，也不”。而not more.than含有积极、肯定的含义，表示程度上的差异。比较： He is no more diligent than you. 你不勤奋，他也不勤奋。(两个人都不勤奋) He is not mor
12、e diligent than you. 他没有像你那样勤奋。(两人都勤奋，但你更勤奋),注意：(1)A is no more.than B句型对作比较的双方即than前后两部分在意义上都给予否定，应该特别注意的是，后面的从句在形式上是肯定的，但在意义上却是否定的，所以要翻译为“A与B都不”。 (2)A is not more.than B表示作比较的双方都是好的，都给予肯定，翻译为“A比不上B，A不像B”。,3.no better than与not better than no better thanas bad as意思是“和一样不好”；not better than意思为“并不比好，还不
13、如”。比较： This machine is no better than that one. 这台机器和那台机器一样不好。(都不好) This machine is not better than that one. 这台机器并不比那台机器好。(前者不如后者),4.no less than与not less than no less thanas much as意思是“竟有之多，多达”，强调“多”；而not less than意思是“不少于，至少”，是客观的叙述。比较： There were no less than five thousand people at the meeting.到
14、会的人竟多达5 000。(强调人多) There were not less than five thousand people at the meeting.到会的人不少于5 000。(不强调人多或人少),高考链接,查看答案,.用否定词或否定结构填空 1.Hes been informed that he _ qualify for the scholarship because of his academic background.(2017江苏) 2.In the 1950s in the USA，most families had just one phone at home，and
15、wireless phones _ been invented yet.(2017北京) 3.I love the weekend，because I _ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.(2016北京) 4.It was really annoying；I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended.(2016天津),doesnt,hadnt,neednt,couldnt,5.The meeting will be held in September，but _ knows the date
16、for sure. (2015重庆) 6.The research group produced two reports based on the survey，but _ contained any useful suggestions.(2015福建) 7.Niki is always full of ideas，but _ is useful to my knowledge.(2015四川) 8.Shed lived in London and Manchester，but she liked _ and moved to Cambridge.(2014四川),nobody,neithe
17、r,none,neither,查看答案,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 1.My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target.(2014陕西，短文改错) 2.We，as well as animals，cannot live without water and neither agriculture or industry can go without it.(2012大纲全国，短文改错) 3.I learned early in li
18、fe that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. (2012新课标全国，短文改错),None,nor,less,查看答案,4.Unfortunately，by the time I got back，they had finished the scene and the actor couldnt be seen everywhere.(2011陕西，短文改错) 5.Although her English is a little hardly to understand，we enjoy chatting and we usual
19、ly talk a lot about our own families.(2011重庆，短文改错),查看答案,anywhere,hard,PART 2,达标检测,当堂检测 基础达标演练,.选词填空,查看答案,1.He did _ compromise easily，but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.(not/no) 2.A smile costs _，but gives much.(nothing/something) 3.My brother would like to buy a go
20、od watch but _ was available from that shop.(nothing/none) 4.Would you like tea or coffee? _，thank you.Ive just had some water.(Neither/Either) 5.Its an either-or situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _.(either/both),not,nothing,none,Neither,both,查看答案,6.Dont
21、try to operate this machine _ you know the rules for safety. (unless/if) 7.He slipped out _ the meeting started.(before/unless) 8.What do you think of my work? Im afraid its _ satisfactory.(far from/apart from) 9.Mothers are doing what they can to make sure that their children are _ _ any kind of ha
22、rm.(free from/far from) 10.The parents didnt tolerate their kids rudeness at the party，_ did they allow themselves to be disobeyed.(nor/so),unless,before,far from,free,from,nor,.完成句子,11.Then she _ to open the carriage door. 那时她几乎没有力气打开车厢的门。 12._ has been to that place. 我的朋友们都没有去过那个地方。 13._ was for his plan at the meeting. 在会上并不是每个人都赞同他的计划。 14.I _ the picture whenever I look at it. 不管我什么时候看到这幅画，我都禁不住要赞赏它。 15.Hes _ the big box. 他身体太弱，搬不动那个大箱子。,查看答案,hardly had strength,None of my friends,Not everyone,cant help admiring,too weak to lift,
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