1、广州市广州市 2020 届高三年级阶段训练题届高三年级阶段训练题 英语试题英语试题 注意事项：注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并用答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并用 2B 铅铅 笔在答题卡的相应位置填涂考生号及试卷类型笔在答题卡的相应位置填涂考生号及试卷类型( (B) )。因听力另考，试卷从第二部分的。因听力另考，试卷从第二部分的 “阅读理阅读理 解解”开始，试题序号从开始，试题序号从“21”开始。开始。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案信息点涂黑。如需改回答选择题时，
2、选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案信息点涂黑。如需改 动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。写在本试卷上无效。动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 回答非选择题时，必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡指定区域内回答非选择题时，必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡指定区域内 的相应位置上；如的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。 写在本试卷上无效。写在本试卷上无效。 4. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。考试结束后，
3、将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第二部分第二部分 阅读理解阅读理解 ( 共两节，满分共两节，满分 40 分分 ) 第一节第一节 ( 共共 15 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 分，满分分，满分 30 分分 ) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将 该项涂黑。该项涂黑。 A Mama and I spend mornings cleaning up the dirt that blows into our house. Mama says all the dust is due to
4、 the drought. The dirt sifts into everything. It covers our clothes. We have to wash the dishes before each meal. We rarely drive the truck because Papa fears the dust from the road will ruin the motor. When my sister, Faye, and I walk to school, we wear kerchiefs over our mouths so we dont breathe
5、in the dirt. On days when the air is so bad that they close the school, we stay home and help Mama put wet sheets over the windows. But the dirt always finds a way in. Last Sunday, there was no dirt in the air, only bright spring sunshine and a clear blue sky. After lunch, Papa headed out to the fie
6、ld to check on the cattle while I played with Faye in the yard. The temperature suddenly dropped. I looked to the west and saw a huge black cloud of dust. All the birds flew away. “I must warn Papa,” I thought to myself. To avoid her panicking, I gently told Faye to go back inside where she would be
7、 safe, and then headed off to the field. The storm hit so fast, and in an instant the day turned into night. By the time I entered the cow field the fine sand was whipping across my face. I screamed for Papa, hoping my voice would lead him back. The dirt and sand stung my skin like a thousand bees.
8、Although I was terrified, I refused to turn back. My dad was stranded and needed my help. Covering my face with one hand, I groped my way toward the truck and opened the door. First I tried turning the trucks lights on and off, hoping that Papa would see them flashing, but the sandstorm let no light
9、 escape. Then I pushed the horn again and again, so Papa would hear it. I pushed until I had no more strength in my arms. Suddenly, Papas face appeared at the window. My heart leaped with surprise and relief. He opened the door and climbed onto the seat next to me. He then pulled me into his arms an
10、d said, “Oh, Iris, you saved me!” Finally, the wind subsided and the dust began to settle. Dirt was piled up to the window on one side of the truck and halfway up the door on the other. Papa kicked against the door, opening it far enough to let us out. Sand and soil drifts were everywhere, but we we
11、re safe. 1. What is the main function of the first two paragraphs? A. It describes a problem the characters must solve. B. It establishes the setting where the story takes place. C. It introduces the characters that will follow in the story. D. It explains the motivations for the characters later ac
12、tions. 2. Why did Papa go to the field that Sunday? A. He was trying to get to his truck. B. He needed to prepare the field for harvest. C. He wanted to make sure the animals were fine. D. He planned to bring in the cattle before the storm. 3. How did Iris save her father? A. By warning him to run a
13、way. B. By turning on the trucks lights. C. By guiding him towards the shelter. D. By screaming his name at the top of her voice. 4. Which of the following words best describe Iris? A. Brave and calm. B. Experienced and confident. C. Adventurous and careful. D. Fearless and sympathetic 【答案】1. B 2. C
14、 3. A 4. A 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了上周日，Iris 一家突然遭遇了沙尘暴，而 Iris 的爸爸去田里看家畜还没能 回来，Iris 急忙呼喊爸爸回家，又一遍遍地按汽车喇叭好让父亲听到。最终父亲平安找到了车，一家人躲过 了沙尘暴。 【1 题详解】 推理判断题。根据前两段的内容主要描述了 Iris 一家住在风沙很大的地方，每天不得不用头巾蒙住嘴，才不 会吸入灰尘，在空气很糟糕的日子里，学校会关闭，他们呆在家里帮妈妈把湿床单盖在窗户上。为后文沙 尘暴的发生介绍背景，由此可推知，前两段的主要功能是交待故事发生的背景。故选 B。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中 Aft
15、er lunch, Papa headed out to the field to check on the cattle while I played with Faye in the yard.可知，午饭后，我和 Faye 在院子里玩耍，爸爸去田野里看家畜。由此可知，那个星期天爸爸到 田里去想确保家畜们安然无恙。故选 C。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中 Then I pushed the horn again and again, so Papa would hear it. I pushed until I had no more strength in my arms.
16、可知，然后我一遍又一遍地按喇叭，好让爸爸听到。我一直按，直到我的胳膊没 有力气了。由此可知，Iris 通过卡车喇叭警示父亲有沙尘暴即将来临，赶紧逃离。故选 A。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章主要记叙了上周日，Iris 一家突然遭遇了沙尘暴，而 Iris 的爸爸去田里看家畜还没能 回来，Iris 急忙呼喊爸爸回家，又一遍遍地按汽车喇叭好让父亲听到。最终父亲平安找到了车，一家人躲过 了沙尘暴。由此可以推断，Iris 是机智并且冷静的孩子。故选 A。 B 5. What is true about the Milky Way? A. There are only stars inside i
17、t. B. There is a black hole at its center. C. Its the biggest spiral galaxy in the universe. D. It takes 100,000 years to get there from Earth. 6. Which of the following is the main factor in categorizing galaxies? A. Shape. B. Size. C. Number of stars. D. Distance from the sun. 7. Which of the foll
18、owing galaxies can be classified as irregular? A. Whale Galaxy similar to the Milky Way both in size and shape. B. Cygnus A (3C 405) Galaxy the brightest egg shape we can observe. C. Cigar Galaxy long and narrow galaxy that looks like an ashy cloud. D. Sunflower Galaxy galaxy with multiple arms radi
19、ating from its bright core. 【答案】5. B 6. A 7. C 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些宇宙中星系的情况，如螺旋星系、椭圆星系和不规则星系等。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 SPIRAL GALAXY 部分中 Our galaxy has a huge black hole at its center that billions of stars revolve around.可知，我们的星系中心有一个巨大的黑洞，数十亿颗恒星围绕着它旋转。由此可知，银河系 中间有一个巨大的黑洞。故选 B。 【6 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 IRR
20、EGULAR GALAXY 部分中 There are many other shapes of galaxies that arent spiral or elliptical. They all fit into irregular category.可知，不规则的星系部分中还有许多其他星系的形状不是螺旋或椭 圆。它们都属于不规则的类别。由此可知，星系主要是根据形状来进行分类。故选 A。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。根据 IRREGULAR GALAXY 部分中 There are many other shapes of galaxies that arent spiral or ell
21、iptical. They all fit into irregular category.可知，不规则的星系部分中还有许多其他星系的形状不是螺旋或椭 圆。它们都属于不规则的类别。结合选项可推知，狭长的，看起来像一片灰蒙蒙的云的雪茄星系可以被归 类为不规则星系。故选 C。 【点睛】直接信息题 对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻 找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确 理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。如第一小题，根据 SPIRAL GALAXY 部分中 Our galaxy has
22、 a huge black hole at its center that billions of stars revolve around.可知，我们的星系中心有一个巨大的黑洞，数十亿颗 恒星围绕着它旋转。由此可知，银河系中间有一个巨大的黑洞。故选 B。 C The Silk Road is arguably the most famous long-distance trade route of the ancient world. This passage connected Europe in the West with China in the East, and allowed t
23、he exchange of goods, technology, and ideas between the two civilizations. Although merchants could make huge profits travelling the road, it was not without risk. The main Silk Road started in Changan (known today as Xian), the early Han capital. Travelers commencing their journey from this city co
24、uld take a northern route that would take them across Chinas northwestern provinces. After this, they would face the Gobi Desert, arguably the greatest danger of the Silk Road. The Gobi Desert, the largest desert in Asia, consists mainly of rocky, hard earth. This feature made it easier for traders
25、to travel across, compared to sandy deserts like the neighboring Taklamakan Desert. Like other deserts, the Gobi Desert is dry and hot, and therefore the biggest challenge travelers faced was obtaining enough water for themselves as well as for their camels. So, rest stops were created along the rou
26、te, allowing travelers to rest, eat and drink. These places also promoted the exchange of goods, and even ideas, amongst the travelers who stopped there. Usually, the rest stops were placed within a days journey of each other. In this way, travelers could avoid spending too much time in the desert,
27、which would make them targets for robbers, another danger of the Silk Road. Once through the Gobi Desert, travelers would continue their journey into Iran, Turkey, and finally Europe. Whilst this part of the journey may have been less dangerous, it is not entirely without its perils. 8. The underlin
28、ed word “it” in the first paragraph refers to _. A. making huge profits B. traveling the Silk Road C. exchanging goods and ideas D. connecting different civilizations 9. Why was the Gobi Desert easier to cross than other deserts? A. The deserts surface was easier to walk on. B. Camels for transporta
29、tion were easier to find. C. It was smaller and could be crossed in less time. D. There were more natural water sources available. 10. What can we guess about the rest stops in the Gobi Desert? A. Travelers were offered free accommodation. B. They were located around the edges of the desert. C. Trav
30、elers staying there were often attacked by criminals. D. They were shared by travelers from different countries. 11. What is the passage mainly about? A. The origins of the Silk Road. B. The benefits of the Silk Road. C. The difficulties faced by Silk Road travelers. D. The cultural exchanges among
31、Silk Road travelers. 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。尽管穿越丝绸之路的商人可以挣大钱，但穿越丝绸之路并非毫无风险。文章主要说明了 丝绸之路危险重重，丝绸之路商人面临的两大挑战一是沿途地理环境恶劣，二是路途可能遭遇的歹徒抢劫。 【8 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据上文 Although merchants could make huge profits travelling the road 可知，尽管穿越丝绸之 路的商人可以挣大钱， 但穿越丝绸之路并非毫无风险。 根据该句表达的含义可推断出it指“穿越丝绸之路”。 故选
32、B。 【9 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中 The Gobi Desert, the largest desert in Asia, consists mainly of rocky, hard earth. This feature made it easier for traders to travel across, compared to sandy deserts like the neighboring Taklamakan Desert. 可知，戈壁沙漠是亚洲最大的沙漠，主要由坚硬的岩石构成。与邻近的塔克拉玛干沙漠等沙质沙漠相比， 这一特点使商人更容易穿越。由此可知，戈壁沙漠
33、之所以比其他沙漠容易穿越，是因为戈壁沙漠地表主要 是坚硬的岩石，比较容易走。故选 A。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。 根据倒数第二段中 So, rest stops were created along the route, allowing travelers to rest, eat and drink. These places also promoted the exchange of goods, and even ideas, amongst the travelers who stopped there.可知， 因此，沿途设立了休息站，让旅客休息、吃饭和喝水。这些地方也促进了停
34、留在那里的旅客之间的货物甚 至思想的交流。由此推知，丝绸之路沿途驿站是世界各国旅行者共享的。故选 D。 【11 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一段 Although merchants could make huge profits travelling the road, it was not without risk.可知，尽管穿越丝绸之路的商人可以挣大钱，但穿越丝绸之路并非毫无风险。结合文章主要说 明了丝绸之路危险重重，丝绸之路商人面临的两大挑战一是沿途地理环境恶劣，二是路途可能遭遇的歹徒 抢劫。故选 C。 【点睛】代词指代题要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系、判断画线的人称代词或指示代
35、词在文章中指代的对 象， 包括考查 it (指动物， 无生命的事物、 特定的事件或人)， they/them(指代人、 物、 事件的复数名词)， he/she 等人称代词的指代意义，以及指示代词 this，that，these，those等在文章中的指代意义，考查同学们对文章 中叙述特定的人，物，事件的认知能力。解答这类题时，同学们要认真阅读画线词所在句和前后临近句的 内容，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，理清来龙去脉和前后的因果关系，从而准确推断其指代的对 象。如第一小题，根据上文 Although merchants could make huge profits travelling
36、the road 可知，尽管穿越丝 绸之路的商人可以挣大钱，但穿越丝绸之路并非毫无风险。根据该句表达的含义可知推断出 it 指“穿越丝 绸之路”。故选 B。 D Lets begin with the story: King Hiero contracts the ancient Greek polymath Archimedes (阿基米德) to detect fraud in the manufacture of a golden crown. Archimedes accepts the challenge and, during a subsequent trip to the pu
37、blic baths, realizes that the more his body sinks into the water, the more water is displaced making the displaced water an exact measure of his volume. Realizing he has hit upon a method to determine whether the Kings crown was made of gold or silver, the young Greek leaps out of the bath and rushe
38、s home naked crying “Eureka! Eureka!” Or, translated: “Ive found it! Ive found it!” Too bad, however, Archimedes probably never uttered the phrase in that way. First and foremost, Archimedes himself never wrote about this episode, although he spent plenty of time detailing the laws of buoyancy (浮力).
39、 The oldest authority for the naked-Archimedes eureka story is Vitruvius, a Roman writer, who included the tale in his introduction to his ninth book of architecture. “Vitruvius may have gotten it wrong,” says Chris Schmitt, a mathematician at the University of Berlin and a self-described Archimedes
40、 fan. “The method attributed to Archimedes in the story works in theory so it sounds right, but when you actually try it, you find that the real world gets in the way.” In fact, Schmitt is one of a long line of scientists, including Galileo, who have read the account and thought, “That cant be right
41、.” As Galileo wrote, Archimedes could have achieved a far more precise result using his own law of buoyancy and an accurate scale. In fact, the surface tension of water can make the volume of a light object like a crown immeasurable. “There may be some truth to it,” Schmitt adds. “Archimedes did mea
42、sure the volume of things but the eureka moment was maybe due to his original discovery concerning buoyance, not to sitting in the bathtub and then running through the streets naked.” Much like Newtons apple, the exclamation persists because of the enduring power of the story: a golden crown, a life
43、 in the balance, a naked mathematician. The suspect foundations of the eureka moment take nothing away from the words ability to uniquely and concisely convey the flash of inspiration. 12. According to the first paragraph, how would Archimedes measure the volume of the crown? A. He would weigh himse
44、lf with and without the crown. B. He would weigh the crown first and then put it into water. C. He would go to the public baths wearing the crown on his head. D. He would sink the crown into water and measure the water displaced. 13. What did Galileo probably think of the naked-Archimedes eureka sto
45、ry? A. He believed the word “eureka” was said in another situation. B. He suspected Archimedes didnt run through the street naked. C. He doubted Archimedes carried out the experiment independently. D. He thought Archimedes would not have used the method described. 14. What can be inferred from the u
46、nderlined sentence in the last paragraph? A. The word “eureka” is still widely used today. B. The word “eureka” is now a formal scientific term. C. Most people accept the authenticity of the original story. D. People are still inspired by the achievements of Archimedes. 15. What is the purpose of th
47、is text? A. To introduce the famous scientist Archimedes. B To examine the credibility of the eureka story. C. To explain how the word “eureka” was created. D. To urge people not to use the word “eureka” anymore. 【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要为论证阿基米德灵感迸发故事的可信度，文章从不同的角度来说明这个故事不 一定是真的。而
48、故事的可疑性，并不影响“eureka”一词独特而简明地表达灵感闪现的能力。 【12 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中 Archimedes accepts the challenge and, during a subsequent trip to the public baths, realizes that the more his body sinks into the water, the more water is displaced making the displaced water an exact measure of his volume.可知，阿基米德接受了挑战，在随后
49、的一次公共浴室之行中，他意识到，他的身 体越往水里沉，排出的水就越多这使得排出的水成为他身体体积的精确量度。由此可推知，阿基米德 会将王冠沉入水中，再测排出的水的重量来测量皇冠的重量。故选 D。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中 As Galileo wrote, Archimedes could have achieved a far more precise result using his own law of buoyancy and an accurate scale.可知，正如伽利略所写的，阿基米德本可以利用他自己的浮力 定律和精确的比例尺得到更精确的结果。由此可知，伽利略认为阿基米德不会使用所描述的方法。故选 D。 【14 题详解】 推理判断题。根据上文 Much like Newtons apple, the exclamation persists because of the enduring power of the story: a golden crown, a life in the balance, a naked mathematician.可知，就像牛顿的苹果一样，这个感叹词之 所以能持续存在，是因为这个故事有
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