1、Reading and ThinkingLanguage Points .重点单词 1crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的 2vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 3objective n目标；目的 adj.客观的 4property n性质；特征；财产；房地产 5extract n提取物；摘录 vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出 6wormwood n蒿；洋艾 7boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n.沸腾；沸点 8liquid n液体 adj.液体的；液态的 9obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行 10de
2、feat n失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜 11substance n物质；物品；事实根据 12insist vi.&vt.坚持；坚决要求 13physiology n生理学physiological adj.生理学的physiologically adv.生理学方面 14committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的commit vt.承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入 commitment n承诺；致力 15academy n研究院；学会；专科院校academic adj.学业的；学术的 16botanical adj.植物学的botany n植物学botanist n植物学家 17eva
3、luate vt.评价；评估evaluation n评价；评估 18distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的distinction n区别 19acknowledge vt.承认；感谢acknowledged adj.公认的acknowledgement n承认；感谢 20analyse vt.分析analysis n分析 21apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的 22scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的science n科学scientist n科学家 掌握规律 巧记单词 distinct adj.(有区别
4、的)iondistinction n区别 例：attraction 吸引，吸引力 discussion 讨论 acknowledge vt.(承认；感谢)mentacknowledgement n承认；感谢 例：development 发展 agreement 同意 .核心短语 1millions of 成千上万 2lead to 导致 3die from/of 死于 4commit oneself to do 承诺；保证 5in the beginning 起初 6a collection of 一批；一堆 7by chance 偶然；意外地 8more than 超过，多于 9insist
5、 on 坚决要求 .经典句式 1whose 引导非限制性定语从句 This years Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co- winner)， whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin，a crucial new treatment for malaria. 今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者)，她的研究促成了青蒿素的发现， 一种治疗疟疾的关键新药物。 2过去分词短语作定语 In 1967，the Chinese
6、 government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria，and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. 1967 年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批 入选的研究人员。 3where 引导定语从句 In the beginning，Tu Youyou went to Hainan，where malaria was more common，to st
7、udy malaria patients. 起初，屠呦呦去了疟疾比较普遍的海南，研究疟疾患者。 4现在分词短语作定语 She analysed the medical texts again， and by chance， she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. 她又分析了一遍医学文献，偶然发现了一句话，建议用另一种方法对待艾草。 5Upon/On doing that.一就 Upon/On hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize
8、，she said. 屠呦呦一听到自己获得诺贝尔奖，她就说 重点词汇重点词汇 Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria，and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone.青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，而且人们认 为每年仅在非洲就可以挽救十万条生命。 vital adj.必不可少的；至关重要的；充满生机的 be vital to/for.对是至关重要的 It is vital to do.做很重要。 It is vital that
9、.是十分重要的从句中的谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should 可省略。 (1)If the injuries are second or third degree burns，it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.如果属于二度或三度烧伤，立即把患者送去看医生或送往医院是至关重要的。 (2)Consideration for other people is vital to/for all of us. 对我们所有人而言体谅他人是极其重要的。 (3)It is vital to protect(p
10、rotect) wild animals in modern society. 在当今社会，保护野生动物很重要。 (4)It is vital that he (should)attend(attend) the meeting organized by the academy. 他参加研究院组织的这次会议很重要。 Tu Youyou，a committed and patient scientist，was born in Ningbo，China，on 30 December 1930，and graduated from Peking University Medical School
11、in 1955. 屠呦呦，一位坚定而耐心的科学家，1930 年 12 月 30 日生于中国宁波，1955 年毕业于北京 大学医学院。 committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的，效忠的 be committed to 对忠诚；致力于 commit vt.做出(错事或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入 commit a crime 犯罪 commit oneself todevote oneself to 专心致志于，献身于 commitment n承诺；保证 (1)Most crimes are committed by young men in th
12、at area. 在那个地区多数罪行都是年轻人犯下的。 (2)The old woman is committed to taking(take) care of the poor children. 这位老人尽心尽力地照顾这个可怜的孩子。 (3)She doesnt want to make a big emotional commitment(commit) to Steve at the moment. 她不想在此刻对史蒂夫在感情上做出重大的承诺。 高级表达 (4)As she was committed to the project，she seldom played with her
13、 children. Committed to the project，she seldom played with her children.(用形容词短语作状语改写) In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria，and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.1967 年， 中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学队伍， 屠呦呦
14、是其 中首批入选的研究人员。 objective n目标；目的 adj.客观的 objection n不赞成；反对；异议 have an objection to.反对 object vi.不赞成，反对 n目标；物体；客体；宾语 object to (doing) sth.反对(做)某事 (1)Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives，keeping in mind your beliefs，values and strengths.(2019 全国) 另一种
15、设定现实目标的方法是分析你的短期和长期目标，牢记你的信念、价值观和优势。 (2)To his surprise，there are so many people objecting to the plan. 让他吃惊的是，有那么多人反对这个计划。 (3)The old man objects to paying(pay) so much money for milk. 这位老人反对花那么多钱买牛奶。 一句多译 (4)就我而言，我是反对在办公室里吸烟的。 As far as Im concerned，I have an objection to smoking in the office.(ob
16、jection) In my opinion，I object to smoking in the office.(object) In my view，I am against smoking in the office.(against) From their research，they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.在他们的研究中，他们发现并测 试了 380 种不同的中国古代医疗方法
17、，这些方法在抗击疟疾方面显示出了希望。 distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 be distinct from.与不同 distinction n差别；区分；卓著；不同凡响 make a distinction between 对加以区分 without distinction 无差别地；一视同仁地 (1)The water you drink at birth leaves a distinct signature in your teeth. 人在出生时所喝的水会在牙齿里留下很明显的印记。 (2)The new law makes no distinction(distinc
18、t) between adults and children. 这项新法规对成人和孩子同样适用。 一句多译 (3)那两个想法截然不同。 Those two ideas are quite different from each other.(different) Those two ideas are quite distinct from each other.(distinct) However，Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.然而，屠呦呦没有承认失败。 acknowledge vt.承认；确认；感谢；告知收到(信件等) acknowledge
19、 doing sth.承认做了某事 acknowledge that.承认 acknowledge sth./sb.to be/as.承认某事/某人是 It is universally/generally acknowledged that.是大家公认的 (1)We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of everyone who helped us. 我们衷心感谢每一位帮助过我们的人所付出的努力。 (2)She is acknowledged to be/as the best tennis player in the world. 她被公认
20、为是世界上最好的网球手。 (3)It is acknowledged that the film Dearest was a success. 人们公认，电影亲爱的非常成功。 句型转换 (4)He never acknowledges that he has made a mistake.(改为简单句) He never acknowledges making a mistake. defeat vt.打败，战胜；使受挫；使困惑 n失败 defeat sb.击败某人 suffer a serious defeat 遭受严重的挫败 (5)It was the last question on t
21、he paper that defeated me that day. 那天考卷上最后一道题把我难住了。 (6)The girl was let down by this defeat but she would not acknowledge it. 这次失败让这个女孩很是沮丧但她没有承认失败。 (7)The player was defeated(defeat) in the game，but he didnt lose heart. 这个运动员在比赛中被打败了，但是他没有气馁。 易混辨析 defeat，beat，win defeat 和 beat 后都接 sb.作宾语。 在游戏和比赛中常
22、用 beat， 侧重于比赛中击败对手； defeat 既可以指比赛，又可以指战场上战胜对手。 win 后接比赛、辩论、战斗、奖品等名词，表示“荣获，赢得”。 选词填空 defeat，beat，win (8)We beat/defeated their team by ten points. (9)The young girl from China won the race at last. (10)In that battle，our soldiers defeated the enemy. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood appar
23、ently destroyed its medical properties.她得出结论说，煮青蒿显然破坏了它的药用价值。 apparently adv.显而易见地；看来；显然 apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的 be/become apparent to 对来说很明显 It is apparent to sb. that.对某人来说是明显的。 (1)I thought he had found a new job，but apparently he hasnt. 我原以为他找到了新工作，但显然还没有。 (2)The solution to the problem was/
24、became apparent to all.问题的解决方法是显而易见的。 (3)It was apparent that he knew nothing about how to repair cars. 很明显，他对修车一窍不通。 After failing more than 190 times，the team finally succeeded in 1971.在失败了 190 多次 以后，这个团队终于在 1971 年成功了。 more than 超过，多于 more than 可放在数词前，意为“超过，多于”；放在名词前，表示“不只是，不仅”；放 在形容词或副词前，意为“非常，很”
25、。 more.than.比更，与其说倒不如说 (1)Within six months，more than 25,000 people were using it every day. 在六个月之内，两万五千多人每天都在使用它。 (2)He is more than a friend to me.He is also my teacher.他不仅是我的朋友，他还是我的老师。 (3)He said that he was more than happy to help you with your English. 他说他很乐意帮你学习英语。 (4)He is more lucky than cl
26、ever. 与其说他聪明，不如说他幸运。 Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物， 以确保它是 安全的。 insist on/upon (doing) sth.坚决要求(做)某事 在“insist that.”结构中，当 insist 作“坚持主张，坚决要求”讲时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟 语气，即从句谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should 可以省略；当 i
27、nsist 作“坚持说，坚 持认为”讲时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。 (1)I wanted to walk to the station，but he insisted on driving me there. 我想步行去车站，但是他坚持要开车送我去。 (2)Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places，she insisted that she organize the trip properly. 虽然她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。 (3)The young man insi
28、sted that he hadnt stolen(steal) that bike. 这个年轻人坚持说他没有偷那辆自行车。 经典句式经典句式 In the beginning， Tu Youyou went to Hainan， where malaria was more common， to study malaria patients.起初，屠呦呦去了疟疾比较普遍的海南，研究疟疾患者。 这是一个复合句。where 在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词 Hainan。 当先行词为 system，case，point，position，situation，stage，condition，indu
29、stry，activity， job，race，scene，circumstance 等且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，常用 where 引导定语从 句，表示抽象地点。 当先行词 stage，occasion 等表示时间且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用 when 引导。 (1)Sometimes I bring home food from the restaurant where I work. 有时我从我工作的餐馆带食物回家。 (2)Its helpful to put children in a situation where they manage everything all by t
30、hemselves. 把孩子放在一个自己能完全处理所有事情的环境中是有好处的。 (3)Students should take part in some activities where they can gain experience. 学生们应该参加一些他们能获得经验的活动。 (4)The stage when he is preparing for his study is really important. 他为学习做准备的那段时间确实非常重要。 In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the ob
31、jective of discovering a new treatment for malaria，and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.1967 年， 中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学队伍， 屠呦呦是其 中首批入选的研究人员。 chosen 为过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句 which is chosen。 单个的过去分词作定语往往置于被修饰的名词的前面； 过去分词短语作定语常置于被修饰的 名词的后面。及物动词的- ed 形式表示被动和完成意义；不及物动词的- ed 形式仅仅表示完成。 有时为了强调还可将
32、单一的分词置于被修饰名词之后。 (1)They are talking about the film put on in 2018. 他们正在谈论这部 2018 年上映的电影。 (2)The park built in 2017 has attracted a great many visitors. 这个 2017 年建造的公园已经吸引了很多游客。 (3)He is talking with a man called(call) Mr Wang. 他正和一位叫王先生的男士讲话。 一句多译 (4)穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。 The student dressed in white is m
33、y daughter. The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. .单句语法填空 1Our country made a commitment(commit) to paying $50,000 to the Red Cross. 2They insist on being given(give) every detail of the case. 3Its difficult for me to make a distinction(distinct) between the twins. 4After being defeate
34、d(defeat) by her partner again，the girl decided to find a new way. 5The film festival is acknowledged(acknowledge) as an event of international importance. 6Apparently(apparent)，he told a lie to his parents，saying he had passed the exam. .完成句子 7We are going to talk about the problem discussed at the last meeting. 我们准备谈一谈上次会上讨论的问题。 8He failed in the exam again.In my view，he was more lazy than stupid. 他考试又失败了。依我看来，与其说他笨倒不如说他懒。 9They insisted that he (should) be present at the ceremony.他们坚持要他出席这次仪式。 10The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here. 我买这本书的那个书店离这里不远。
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