1、Unit 4 Natural disasters 基础知识基础知识 一、一、单词首字母填空单词首字母填空 1. A major e_ hit Wenchuan on May 12, 2008. 2. The village has been f_. 3. The houses were b_ damaged by the earthquake. 4. How many people remained a_ after the flood. 5. Some people p_ by the old man, but nobody seemed to notice him. 6. Did you
2、n_anything unusual ? 7. When the phone rang, she answered it i_. 8. As a result of the flood, three people were m_. 9. Her mobile phone is completely d_. 10. Dear f_ students, may I have your attention, please? 二、二、完成句子，每空一词。完成句子，每空一词。 1. 我觉得我们应该继续按照原计划进行。 I think we should _ _ our original plan. 2.
3、 我没时间听你找借口。 I _ _ _ _ listen to your excuses. 3. 我们惊讶地看着他。 We looked at him _ _. 4. 你可以暂时和我们一块。 You can stay with us _ _. 5. 他们不理会我的要求。 My requests _ _ _ _. 6. 他为什么那样盯着她看？ Why is he _ _ her like that? 语法讲解语法讲解 知识点知识点 1：it 作指代作指代: 1. it 的基本用法是用来指代上文所提到的事物的基本用法是用来指代上文所提到的事物。如： Whatever you do or say,
4、ask yourself whether it is in the interests of the people. A: Pass me a blue pen. B: Here it is / Here you are. 2. it, that, one, the one, ones, the ones 用于指代用法时的区别用于指代用法时的区别: it 代替上文提及的原物(复数用 they)；one 指代上文提及的、泛指的可数名词单数（复数 ones） ；that 指 代上文提及的定指的可数名词单数或不可数名词（复数 those）, the ones 相当于 these, those。 3.
5、 指代不明身份或性别的人也用指代不明身份或性别的人也用 it；指代喜爱的事物或宠物也可用；指代喜爱的事物或宠物也可用 she / he。 A：Whos it (knocking at the door)? B: Its me. Look that lovely baby in the cradle! Oh, dear. It is crying. My car needs some more petrol. Lets fill her up. China has a history of over 5,000 years old. She is proud of her culture. 知识
6、点知识点 2：it 作虚义作虚义: 虚义虚义 it 指用作没有具体语义的主语，如表示时间、天气、距离、温度等概念的用法。指用作没有具体语义的主语，如表示时间、天气、距离、温度等概念的用法。 When spring comes, it is getting warmer and warmer. It is cooler in Tianjin than in Beijing. It is only about half an hours ride from here to my home. It looks as if the college is very small. 知识点知识点 3：it
7、作形式作形式: 由于句法结构的需要，常用 it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语放后置。 1形式主语：不定式、动名词以及主语从句作主语时，为避免形式主语：不定式、动名词以及主语从句作主语时，为避免“头重脚轻头重脚轻”，要将真正的主语后置。，要将真正的主语后置。 It seemed impossible (for him) to get back home. （不定式作主语） It was worthwhile searching for his roots. （动名词作主语） It was obvious that his ancestor taught his younger generation
8、 little of his own language. （主语从句作主语） It 作形式主语代替动词不定式，常用于以下句型中：作形式主语代替动词不定式，常用于以下句型中： (1) it is/was adj. (of/for) sb. to do sth. 当表语是与事物的特征有关的形容词时，如 easy, difficult, hard, important,necessary 等，用介词 for. It is difficult for Lucy to learn physics. It is interesting for us to play badminton. 当表语是描述人的性
9、格、品质的形容词时，如 kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, stupid 等，用介词 of. It is kind of you to help me. It is clever of the little child to work out such a difficult math problem. (2) it takes/took sb. some time to do sth. It takes him an hour to do his homework every day. (3) it is/was n. to do sth. It is
10、great fun to have a party here. It was a great pleasure to work with you. it 作形式主语还常用于句型作形式主语还常用于句型 “it seems/appears that +从句” ，表示从句” ，表示 “似乎“似乎/好像好像/看来看来.” It seems that he knows everything. It appears that we are wrong. 2形式宾语：当不定式、动名词、形式宾语：当不定式、动名词、that 从句作宾语，又有自己的宾语补语时，要从句作宾语，又有自己的宾语补语时，要 用用 it
11、作形式宾语，而作形式宾语，而 把真正的宾语后置。把真正的宾语后置。如： Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. The fisherman made it a rule that he never cast his net more than four times a day. The ancient people took it for granted that the earth was flat. We think it necessary reading aloud every morning to impro
12、ve our English. 能够用于形式宾语句型的动词有 think, make, find, consider, feel, take 等。 一、一、单项选择单项选择 1. I got a computer as a gift last week, but I lost _yesterday. A. that B. it C. this D. what 2. My mother finds _great fun to learn to drive a car. A. it B. this C. the D. what 3. I cant find the pen I was given.
13、 Have you seen _? A. it B. one C. this D. that 4. The girl stared _ the stranger but said nothing. A. in B. at C. for D. with 5. In class students should pay attention to_ to the teacher. A. listening B. listen C. hearing D. hear 6. I cannot afford _around and worry about the flood. A. sit B. sittin
14、g C. to sit D. sat 7. _is important for us _ know about natural disasters. A. It, by B. It, to C. This, of D. This, in 8.The boy becomes interested _playing football. A. by B. on C. at D. in 9.When hearing the news, he opened his eyes wide _ surprise. A. on B. in C. on D. at 10. _ is it from your ho
15、me to school? A. How long B. How soon C. How far D. How often 提升训练提升训练 一、语法选择一、语法选择（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） Tourists these days are crowding into the Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo to see a monkey that looks like Beckham, one of _1_ most famous football players in the world. The lovely _2_ monkey has
16、become the Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoos own new celebrity (名人). The monkey _3_ a lot of hair, and she is very lovely. The most interesting thing is that she looks a lot like David Beckham. Thats why now the little monkey attracts _4_ tourists who are rushing into the zoo to see her. Zookeepers are _
17、5_ at the resemblance (相似) between the little monkey and Beckham. So _6_ give the little monkey a very special name Harper Seven _7_ is the same of the football stars little daughters. In fact, Harper Seven, the lovely monkey, was left alone as soon as she _8_ born. Her mother died. She was very tin
18、y _9_ she first arrived at the zoo. Luckily, the zookeepers quickly stepped to care _10_ her. But Seven might never _11_ into an existing group because she was abandoned (被抛弃的). So the keepers had to raise her _12_. After just two or three months, she was much healthier. Now Harper Seven is strong e
19、nough _13_ on her own. The keepers said that she _14_ have contact with the outside world now and she does well in it. She enjoys _15_ with people very much. She has got a lot of fans from all over the world, just like Beckham. 1. A. a B. an C. the D. / 2. A. six months old B. six-month-old C. six-m
20、onths old D. six months-old 3. A. had B. have C. has D. will have 4. A. a large number of B. much C. a great deal of D. a large amount of 5. A. surprised B. surprisedly C. surprising D. surprise 6. A. their B. theirs C. them D. they 7. A. that B. who C. why D. what 8. A. is B. was C. are D. were 9.
21、A. if B. because C. when D. until 10. A. for B. with C. to D. on 11. A. accept B. accepted C. is accepted D. be accepted 12. A. separation B. separate C. separately D. separating 13. A. live B. to live C. living D. to living 14. A. must B. should C. could D. need 15. A. play B. to play C. playing D.
22、 to playing 二、完形填空二、完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 阅读短文，掌握其大意，从各题所给的、和项中，选出最佳选项。 One day I came home from school, changed my clothes and got ready for work. I worked at a local restaurant in town as a cashier and waiter. I went to work feeling _16_. And to make matters worse, I was busy that evening.
23、 Its the same thing over and over again, _17_ with customers who complain about their food and where they are _18_ is too big or too small. Little things like that tend to annoy a lot of us employees but we manage to deal with them. Three elderly ladies walked in and sat by the windows. It happened
24、to be the very spot near where I keep the dirty _19_ in the boxes. Trying to keep up with all the dirty tables, customers leaving and coming in and _20_ running all over the house, it was crazy. _21_ these elderly women were watching how I was working to make sure every table was clean and ready for
25、 the next customers. When they _22_ their meals, I took their plates back to the kitchen. They talked to me for a while about school, how I was doing, what grade I was in and what I planned to do in the future. _23_ they were leaving, they walked past me and one of them said to me in a confident and
26、 gentle voice, “You are going places.” And that was it. They left the restaurant and I had tears in my eyes, because they gave me _24_ to believe in myself. They picked up my spirit from being down and gave me a reason to keep on working hard. People used to tell me that I couldnt have a career in _
27、25_ until I had a degree. Im now a co-anchor(联合主持人)of a student-produced television show. And the best thing is: Im only 17 years old and I am a senior in high school. 16. A. tired B. excited C. up D. down 17. A. dealing B. helping C. talking D. meeting 18. A. sat B. seated C. laid D. dressed 19. A.
28、 dishes B. rooms C. clothes D. chairs 20. A. men B. women C. waiters D. bosses 21. A. And B. Otherwise C. But D. So 22. A. finished B. completed C. ordered D. got 23. A. Before B. While C. As D. After 24. A. ability B. courage C. imagination D. time 25. A. television B. government C. school D. resta
29、urant 三、阅读（共两节；满分三、阅读（共两节；满分 35 分）分） 第一节第一节 阅读理解阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项。 A “Today, we had a discussion in class about heroes,” said Ayesha to her father. “The teacher asked us to name our favourite heroes.” “What did you say?” asked her father curiously. “I said
30、 Kareena Kapoor,” said Ayesha proudly. “Why do you like Kareena?” asked her father. “She is so pretty, Daddy!” exclaimed Ayesha. “So I want to look like her!” “But how do you plan to do that?” “I dont know. But I want to look like her.” “When I see you, I see a very pretty girl. You may not be Karee
31、na, but you are just as fine as Ayesha,” said her father seriously. “Choosing film actors as your heroes and heroines is part of being young, but in the process dont put yourself down.” He added, “If you are trying so hard to be Kareena, you will stop being Ayesha. Why do you want to be a carbon cop
32、y when you can be an original?” Ayesha began to look interested. Being an original- that was so cool! Her father added, “Each of us is unique(独特的). We have come down to earth to develop our own beautiful gifts. You are such a fine singer, for example. Can you see how this might be your own wonderful
33、 gift to the world? Focus on being yourself, and you will achieve great things in life.” “Okay, Dad.” she said. “I love the way Kareena looks but I am going to focus on being the best Ayesha I can be.” “Thats my girl,” said her father, giving her a big hug. 26. Which of the following words can best
34、describe Ayeshas father? A. Wise B. Humorous C. impatient D. Generous 27. We know from the text that _. A. Ayeshas father liked watching films very much B. Kareena Kapoor became famous for her courage C. Ayesha changed her wrong attitude to Kareena in the end D. Ayesha followed her fathers advice an
35、d decided to be herself 28. Ayeshas father thought that _. A. one couldnt do two jobs very well at the same time B. a teacher shouldnt ask questions about film actors C. it is natural for young people to admire film actors D. actors set a bad example for young people B Barbara McClintock was one of
36、the most important scientists of the twentieth century. She made important discoveries about genes(基因) and chromosomes(染色体). Barbara McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her family moved to the Brooklyn area of New York City in 1908. Barbara was an active child with interests in spo
37、rts and music. She also developed an interest in science. She studied science at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Barbara was among a small number of undergraduate students to receive training in genetics in 1921. Years later, she noted that few college students wanted to study genetics. Barb
38、ara McClintock decided to study botany, the scientific study of plants, at Cornell University. She completed her undergraduate studies in 1923. McClintock decided to continue her education at Cornell. She completed a masters degree in 1925. Two years later, she finished all her requirements for a do
39、ctorate degree. McClintock stayed at Cornell after she completed her education. She taught students botany. The 1930s was not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States. The country was in the middle of the great economic Depression. Millions of Americans were unemployed. Male scientis
40、ts were offered jobs. But female geneticists were not much in demand. An old friend from Cornell, Marcus Rhoades, invited McClintock to spend the summer of 1941 working at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. It is a research center on Long Island, near New York City. McClintock started a temporary(临时
41、的) job with the genetics department. A short time later, she accepted a permanent(永久的) position in the laboratory. This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid. By the 1970s, her discoveries had had an effect on everything from geneti
42、c engineering to cancer research. McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes. She was the first American woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize. 29. When did McClintock get a doctorate degree? A. In 192
43、1 B. In 1923 C. In 1925 D. In 1927 30. Which of the following jobs may be most beneficial to McClintocks research? A. The job as a botany teacher. B. The temporary job in the genetics department. C. The permanent position in the laboratory. D. The job of cancer research. 31. McClintock was awarded a
44、 Nobel Prize because of _. A. her research in botany B. her contribution to genetic engineering C. her discoveries about genes and chromosomes D. her unshared work in the laboratory 32. The text is likely to appear in _. A. a biography B. a history paper C. a comic strip D. a science fiction C A chi
45、lds world is the world of playing. They love being outside in the open air, running after each other, and swinging on the playground equipment. But children at St James Childrens School also add to that fun by watching worms and picking up trash(垃圾) in the schoolyard. Inside, they learn to save wate
46、r and electricity. They also recycle and reuse useful things. And every spring they get the soil ready to plant flowers and vegetables in the schools garden. Rebecca Bokers teaches the children the importance of taking care of the Earth. “If children learn it early on, it will become part of their daily lives. It should be something that everyone does,” says Boker. “Every day at St James is Earth Day. Most books in the classrooms and the library contain materials that encourage children to do something to protect the en
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