1、高一英语期末总复习高一英语期末总复习串讲串讲 一、句子结构 句子=主语部分+调语部分。主语部分是句子描述的“对象”，必须由名词或 相当于名词的东西来扮演：谓语部分是对主语的“描述”，其中有且只有一个“谓 语动词”；谓语动词=助动词+实义动词，实义动词是这个调语动词的核心动作， 而助动词主要表示时态、主被动、虚拟、情态这些东西。 英语句子中， 主要有两种修饰结构， 修饰名词的叫定语， 修饰动词的叫状语。 定语可以由名词、形容词、介词短语、定语从句和非谓语动词结构扮演；状语可 以由表时间的名词、 副词、 介词短语、 状语从句和非谓语动词扮演。 有些东西 （比 如介词短语）既能当定语，也能当状语，但
2、要看被它修饰的东西是什么-修饰名 词的就是定语，修饰动词的就是状语！ 句子 = 主干结构 + 修饰结构 （一） 、主干结构 1、主 + 谓（不及物） I come. 常用的不及物动词有： arrive, come, go, laugh, sleep, stay, swim, walk, work, fly, run, begin, rise, happen 2、主 + 谓（及物）+ 宾 I love you. 3、主 + 谓（及物）+ 间宾 + 直宾（直宾+to/for+间宾） I give you my heart. 加 to 的动词有： bring, hand, pass, read, s
3、ell, take, throw, feed, lend, post, refuse, send, teach, write, give, offer, promise, return, show, tell 加 for 的动词有: book, choose, find, make, pick, buy, cook, get, order, save, call, fetch, leave, play, sing 4、主 + 谓（及物）+ 宾 + 宾补 You make me happy. 常用的动词有： call, make, think, keep, find, leave, see, h
4、ave, ask, hear, notice 5、主 + 系 + 表 You are my everything. 常用的系动词： be, become, feel, keep, look, smell, sound, taste, turn, get, go, grow, seem, appear, remain, stay （二） 、修饰结构（四朵金花） 1、介词短语：从介词开始，到名词结束。 at home / in Chengdu 2、从句：从引导词开始，到句尾、逗号、下一修饰成分、下一谓语动词结束。 Mr. Mou is a teacher who teaches English.
5、Mr. Mou is a teacher who teaches English, and we all like him very much. Mr. Mou is a teacher who teaches English in Chengdu. Mr. Mou who is an English teacher is very handsome. 3、非谓语动词：从 to do / doing / done 开始，到句尾、逗号、下一修饰成分、下 一谓语动词结束。 Mr. Mou is a teacher teaching English. Mr. Mou is a teacher tea
6、ching English, and we all like him very much. Mr. Mou is a teacher teaching English in Chengdu. Mr. Mou teaching English is very handsome. 4、时间状语 last night, next week 二、名词： 1 名词在哪里考？ （1）主语 （2）宾语 （3）表语 （4）宾语补足语 （5）介词后面加名词 （6）形容词、介词短语、定语从句、非谓语动词修饰名词 （7）限定词后面加名词 1）形容词性物主代词 my 2）冠词 a/an/the 3）指示代词 this
7、/that/these/those 2 名词考什么？ （1）不可数名词（讲故事） ： furniture / luggage / baggage / information / news / advice / knowledge / homework / progress / work / paper / equipment / money / change / food / water / joy / music / hair / traffic （2）所有格 the teachers ; the teachers （3）论“份儿”卖的都可数 1） coffee 2） cake 3） new
8、spaper 4） dish （4）“名词不可裸奔”原则： 可数名词单数形式不能单独出现 要么前面有限定词，要么变成复数。 （5）动词变名词 1）变 doing: introduce - introducing（后面可以加名词，还可以有状语） 2）变同根名词： introduce - introduction（后面不能再加名词） 3）变人： teach - teacher （6）名词修饰名词（man / woman）: school bus / English teacher / apple tree / weight problem 三、谓语动词：时态；主被动：虚拟语气 1 时态 （1）“常
9、态”：一般现在时（经常、真的、老是） （2）“讲故事”：一般过去时（当时） 动作发生在过去，句子描述的是过去。 （3）“吹牛皮”：现在完成时（已经） 动作发生在过去，句子描述的在现在。 （4）“发生在 did 之前”：过去完成时（之前） （5）“发生在 told / promised 的将来”：过去将来时（会、将） （6）“将要”：一般将来时（将要） （7）“正在”：各种进行时（正在） （8）“一直”：完成进行时（一直） 2 主被动：be / get done 3 虚拟（基本不考） 4 主谓一致：主单（不可数）谓单，主复谓复（注意特殊结构） 四、非谓语动词：七大形式=七个意思 1 非谓语动词在
10、哪里考？ “如果一个句子已经有谓语动词，再使用动词时就要写成非谓语动词的形式。” 我看见一个骑自行车读报纸的老头被车撞死了。 2 非谓语动词考什么？“七大形式、七个意思” （1）做、正在做 doing （2）正在被做 being done （3）要做、去做、还未做 to do （4）要被做 to be done （5）之前做 having done （6）之前被做 having been done （7）被做 done Eating dinner, I started to do my homework. Having eaten dinner, I started to do my home
11、work. The building built there is mine. The building being built there is mine. The building to be built there is mine. Having been bitten by my dog twice, the postman refused to come again. Having finished my homework, I went out to play. Learning English, I often chat with native speakers. To lear
12、n English, I often chat with native speakers. 3 只能跟 v-ing 作宾语的动词有： advise, admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practice, suggest, miss, understand, excuse 4 只能跟 to do 作宾语的动词有： afford, agree, decide, determine, expect, hope, manage, refuse, want, believe,
13、wish, offer, pretend, promise, care, demand, fail, learn, long, arrange，attempt 5 跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有： ask, tell, want, allow, see, hear, watch, persuade, promise 6 动词不定式的相关句型 （1）主语 + be + said / believed / thought + to do sth （2）形容词 + to do 1）喜怒哀乐惊：I am very happy to stand here. 2）好坏和难易：The problem is
14、 difficult to work out. （3）only + to do 表示：令人惊讶或者出乎意料的结果 I went home only to find everything stolen. （4）英语难学结构：English is difficult (for me) to study. （5）作业要做结构： I have a lot of homework to do. 我要做作业（我自己做） I have a lot of homework to be done. 我有要做的作业（不一定谁做） （6）It is + 形容词 + (for / of sb.) + to do st
15、h. （7）seem to have done Tom has read 10 books in the last two months. Tom seems to have read 10 books in the last two months. 五、形容词 1、形容词在哪里考？ （1）作定语：修饰名词。 （2）作表语：放在系动词之后。 （3）宾语补足语 2、形容词考什么？ （1）名词变形容词 1）“-ful”: careful / helpful 2）“-less”: careless / helpless （2）动词变形容词（使动词） 1）“-ing” confusing 2）“-ed
16、” confused （3）形容词比较等级。 “碰到 as 填原级，碰到 than 填比较级，in / of / among 填最高级” 六、副词 1、副词在哪里考？ （1）修饰动词 Mou Baozhong really teaches English. （2）修饰形容词或副词 Mou Baozhong is really handsome. Mou speaks very fast. （3）修饰句子 Fortunately, Mr. Mou teaches us English. 2、副词考什么？ （1）形容词变副词“-ly” （2）副词比较等级。 “碰到 as 填原级，碰到 than 填
17、比较级，in / of / among 填最高级” 七、代词：靠翻译 1、他 he 2、他 him 3、他的（形/名）his 4、他自己 himself 5、this / that / these / those 6、不定代词 八、介词 1. into “进入/成为”change into xxx 2. in “范围内”in the morning（泛指用 in） 3. on “吸附、特定每一天、特定某一天的上午、下午或晚上”on October 26 4. at “点”at night / aim at / look at / arrive at 5. of “的” （1）所属 a frie
18、nd of mine （2）修饰 a book of stories 6. from “离开/从”I am from Shangdong / from 2 to 4 7. to “到达/终点”go to school / I will give it to you. 8. for （1）“为” 1）为了 I do it for you. 2）因为 I do it for fun. （2）“花” 1）花时间 I have been teaching English for 25 years. 2）花钱 I bought the phone for 5000 yuan. 9. with “伴随着”
19、 （1）和/跟 He is eating with his friends. （2）有 With a book in my hand, I enter the room. （3）用 I am eating with a fork. 10. without “没有”My life would be meaningless without you. 11. within “在-之内”I will return to Guizhou within a day. 12. by “靠”I am standing by the wall. / I go to school by bike. （简单工具的简
20、单使用 用 with，复杂工具的复杂使用用 by，交通工具用 by） 13. across “在表面上经过” 14. through “在介质中穿过” 15. over “在正上方越过” 16. under “正下方” 17. above “上方” 18. below “下方” 19. beneath “下面贴着” 20. beyond “超越” 21. about “围绕/关于/大约” 22. around “围绕/一个圈” 九、冠词 1、翻译法 （1）一个、一: a / an （2）内：the under the desk 2、特指泛指分析法 （1）泛指 a / an （2）特指 the
21、3、常见的固定搭配 a good time / a long time / for a while 十、连词 （一）and / or / but / so (纯看意思) （二）三大从句引导词的选择 1、名词性从句“的那个翻译大法” （1）连词 1）that “说” That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all. He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon. My suggestion is that we should start at once
22、The report that he was going to resign was false. 2）if / whether“是否/与否” Its uncertain whether/if hell come this evening. I dont know whether/if the report is true The problem is whether the air pollution can be controlled. （2）连接副词 1）when “的那个时间” 2） where “的那个地方” That was where we camped last time. 3
23、）why“的那个原因” 4）how“的那个方式/怎么/多么” （3）连接代词 1）who “的那个人” 2）whom “的那个人” 3）which “哪个/-的其中一个” 4）what “什么/-的那个东西” What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed. 2、定语从句“口诀法” （1）特殊关系词“靠翻译做题” 1）as“正如” As
24、is known to all, Mr. Mou teaches English. 2）whose“他的/他们的” I have a house whose windows face the sea. 3）why“the reason why sb do sth” 表示“某人做某事的原因” The reason why Mr. Mou teaches English is that he likes it. （2）关系代词：从句不完整填代词（缺名词或代词） 1）who / whom / that “他/他们” The boy who is reading needs the pen which
25、 you bought yesterday. She married again，which was unexpected. There is a young girl who wants to see your father. Anyone who laughs last laughs best. Those who work hard will pass the entrance college examination. I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in the countryside. Which of the car
26、s that are in front of the hotel belongs to you? He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited. This is the best way that has been used against pollution. This is the first time that they have met. I want to tell you something that will make you surprised The only thing that we can do
27、 is to give you money. 2）which“它/这件事” 3） 口诀： 逗号和介词后不用 that， 其余统统用 that。 逗号后人用 who， 物用 which。 介词后人用 whom，物用 which。 （3）关系副词：从句完整填副词（不缺名词） 1）when“那时候/那会儿” I still remember the days when we were young. 2）where“那个地方/在那里” I still remember the farm where we played together. I have reached the point in my c
28、areer where I have to think about my future 3）口诀：非时间即地点 （4）关系词的选择 This is the college that/which I visited. This is the college where I studied 3years ago. Ill never forgot the day that/which we spent together. Ill never forgot the day when we got married. 3、状语从句“看翻译” （1）时间状语从句 when，while， before，si
29、nce，until，after，as soon as （2）让步状语从句 although，though，as, even though （3）地点状语从句 where，wherever （4）条件状语从句 if，unless，as/so long as, on condition that （5）原因状语从句 because/as/since/now that （6）目的状语从句 in order that，so that, for fear that/in case （7）结果状语从句 so that，so.that.，such.that. （8）方式状语从句 as，as if/though （9）比较状语从句 as.as，not as/so.as，比较级than 4、三大从句统一理论：句子不完整：缺名词；句子完整：不缺名词。 （1）主句不完整，则从句一定是主从/宾从/表从，翻译“的那个” （2）主句完整，则从句一定是同从/定从/状从（修饰成分） 。 （3）从句不完整：则引导词一定是代词。 （4）从句完整，则引导词一定是连词或副词。 Mr. Mou is a teacher who teaches English. I read English when I arrive at school every day.
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