1、 Unit12 Life is full of the unexpected. 课时课时 3 Grammar 过去完成时时态过去完成时时态 一、过去完成时的概念一、过去完成时的概念 过去完成时表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即表示过去的过去。 Mr Black told me that he had seen the movie three times. 布莱克先生告诉我这部电影他已经看过三遍了。 二、过去完成时的结构：主语二、过去完成时的结构：主语+had+动词过去分词动词过去分词(done) 1. 肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他. 2. 否定式：主语+had+not+过
2、去分词+其他. 缩写形式：hadnt 3. 一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+hadnt. 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他)? 5. 被动语态：主语+had(not) +been+过去分词+其他. 【巧记口诀】【巧记口诀】 巧学过去完成时巧学过去完成时 过去完成时态不算难，形式要向完成时态看。 have 变成 had 不怠慢，断定过去之前是关键。 三、过去完成时的判断依据三、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态。只有和过去的某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到。常见的时
3、间状语 （从句）由 by，before，when，by the end of，by the time，until 等引导。 They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 他们在上周三前已经种植了 600 颗树。 I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. 我昨天晚上九点就已经读完了这本小说。 2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间，常与for+时间段 或since+时间点连用。 When Jack arrived,
4、 Mary had been away for almost an hour. 当杰克到达时，玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。 3. 过去完成时经常用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中， 表示从句动作先于主句动作发生， 像在 told， said，knew，heard，thought 等动词后的宾语从句中。 She said that she had seen the film before. 她说她以前看过这部电影。 4. 在表示过去概念的句子中，常出现与完成时态连用的词，如：already，yet，since，for，ever，never 及表次数的词，此时句子常用过去完成时。 I met Ji
5、m in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing. 我昨天在街上碰见 了吉姆。自从他去北京后，我们彼此没有见过面。 【易混辨析】【易混辨析】 过去完成时与现在完成时的区别过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 过去完成时与现在完成时的主要区别是时间的参照点不同：过去完成时的时间参照点是某个过去 的时间；现在完成时的时间参照点是现在。因此现在完成时中的很多规则，也适用于过去完成时。 When I got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minut
6、es. 当我到达电影院时， 电影已演了五分 钟了。 (got 是一个过去的时间点， 电影开始在我到达之前， 是过去的过去。 因为 for five minutes 为延续一段的时间状语，应用可延续的系表结构 be on 的过去完成时形式。 ） 【温馨提示】【温馨提示】 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是过去的过去，只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用 到它，因此当原句中若找不到一个过去的时间作为参照点时，是不能用过去完成时的。 He got to the railway station and suddenly realized that he had forgotten to bring
7、his ticket. 他到了火车站后忽 然意识到他竟忘记带车票了。 （忘记这一动作在意识到这一动作之前。 ） By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 【答案】A I. 单项选择。单项选择。 1.（2016贵州黔东南州中考）The bus _ for five minutes when Tim arrived at the station. A. went B. has left C. ha
8、d left D. had been away 2.（2015黑龙江龙东中考）By the time I got back to school, the bell _. A. rang B. has rung C. had rung 3.（2015达州中考）Whats up? I missed the train. By the time I got to the train station, the train _ for 10 minutes. A. had left B. has left C. has been away D. had been away 4. What _ Jane
9、_ by the time she was seven? A. did；do B. has；done C. did；did D. had；done 5. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. Learnt 6. By the end of last month, I _ all the CDs of Justin Bieber. A. collect B. collected C. have collected D. had collected 7. D
10、id you go to school yesterday? Yes, I did. But I was late. When I got to school, Mr Zhang _ his lessons. A. has already begun B. had already begun C. has begun yet D. had begun yet II. 阅读理解。阅读理解。 A Name Confederation of European Baseball Hockey Federation Volleyball Federation African Football Logo
11、Formation 1953 1963 1946 1957 Leadquarters Lausanne, Switzerland Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Cairo, Egypt Region Europe Asia South America Africa Members 38 30 12 56 Official Languages English, Spanish, French, German, Italian, Dutch English, Chinese, Indian Spanish, Portuguese Engl
12、ish, French, Arabic Website www. baseball www.asiahockey.org www.voleysur.org 1. When was Asian Hockey Federation(亚洲曲棍球联盟) set up? A. In 1953 B. In 1963 C. In 1946 D. In 1957 2. Which organization has the most members? A. B. C. D. 3. In how many organizations can English be spoken as an official lan
13、guage? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four 4. If you are from France, which sport can you probably take part in? A. Baseball. B. Hockey C. Volleyball D. Football 5. If you want to know something about volleyball, you can go to _. A. B.www.asiahockey.org C. www.voleysur.org D. B On a spring night, we offe
14、r book lovers a desk and a light. You can stay here as long as you want to. This is the slogan(宣传语) of Sanlian Taofen Bookstore in Beijing. Earlier this month, Sanlian Taofen Bookstore became the first 24-hour bookstore in the city. It hopes to encourage more people to read books. Bookstores are the
15、 brain of a city. Although many people can now buy books online, many readers still like the feeling in bookstores. They can touch the books and smell the print In China, most cities are home to at least one bookstore. Some have special themes(主题). Popular Holdings(大众书局) in Shanghai is a film-themed
16、 bookstore. There are film books and posters(海报) inside. Other bookstores have colorful activities. Eslite Bookstore(诚品书店) in Taiwan has activities like talks with famous writers as well as holding gallery shows(画展). People come here not only for reading but also to communicate with others. 6. The b
17、est title(标题) to explain the main idea of the text is _. A. Buying Books in Book stores B. Warm Places for Reading C. A New Bookstore in China D. Great Bookstores Online 7. Whats special about Sanlian Taofen Bookstore in Beijing? A. It allows readers to stay there only at night. B. It offers readers
18、 a desk and a light. C. It is the first 24-hour bookstore in the city. D. It hopes book lovers will read there. 8. Which of the following can best describe peoples feeling in bookstores? A. Becoming the brain of the city. B. Touching the books and smelling the print. C. Staying inside as long as pos
19、sible. D. Buying books online with enjoyment 9. Popular Holdings in Shanghai is one of the bookstores with _. A. a small gallery B. colourful activities C. a special slogan D. a special theme 10. People come to Eslite Bookstore in Taiwan for _. A. reading and communicating B. buying film books and p
20、osters C. encouraging themselves to read D. getting ready to be famous writers III. 短文填空。短文填空。 用方框里所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、完整。 （每词限用一次） When I was in Grade 7, I had no interest in history. I didnt listen 1 in class and couldnt finish homework on time. So I didnt do well in this 2 . In the 3 term, there ca
21、me a new humorous history teacher. I still had no passion for history. One day, she said: Well have a test in the afternoon . Since I wasnt good at history, whenever I 4 a history examination, I had to cheat .At that noon, I made lots of cheat sheets quickly. In the afternoon, I entered the classroo
22、m confidently. Soon my history teacher came in, along with our geography teacher. They both wore mysterious smile on their 5 . When the paper was 6 out finally, all of us found it was just a piece of geography paper. I became as 7 as a wooden chick at once. Just then, our teachers couldnt help 8 lou
23、dly, which is just like a slap hitting on my face. I only got 12 points that time. Later, I 9 that day was April Fools Day, but it wasnt interesting for me at all. It was a deep lesson for me. I learned that if I didnt 10 hard, I might be a real fool one day. I. 单项选择。单项选择。 1. D 【解析】 句意： 当提姆到达车站时， 公交
24、已经离开五分钟了。 表示到达车站前已经发生或完成的动作， 要用过去完成时态；leave 是一个非延续性的动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语 for 连用，可以转换 为 be away。故选 D。学&科*网 2. C 【解析】句意：当我返回到学校时，铃早响了。by the time在时间前，经常用于过去完成时 态。过去完成时态，表示动作发生在过去的过去。铃响发生在过去的动作回到学校之前，所以用过 去完成时态。 A. rang 一般过去时态； B. has rung 现在完成时态； C. had rung 过去完成时态。 故选 C。 4. D 【解析】句意：到珍妮七岁的时候她已经做过了些什么？表示过去
25、的过去应用过去完成时。应选 D。 5. C 【解析】句意：当我 10 岁的时候，我已经学会了 900 个英语单词。by the time 引导的时间状语从句， 主句用过去完成时，其结构是 had done 形式，根据句意可知选 C。 6. D 【解析】此处by意为到为止，该句意为到上个月末为止，我已经收集了Justin Bieber 的全部 CD，表示动作从过去已经开始一直持续到过去某个时间，故要使用过去完成时，答案选 D。 7. B 【解析】句意：你昨天去学校了吗？是的，我去了。但是我迟到了。当我到达学校的时候， 张老师已经开始上课了。 根据句意可知， begin 为过去的过去发生的动作，
26、要用过去完成时， 故选 B。 II. 阅读理解。阅读理解。 A 文章大意：本文以表格形式介绍了棒球，曲棍球，排球和足球四种球类运动。 1. B【解析】细节理解题。根据表格中的 Hockey Federation 1963，故选 B。 2. D【解析】细节理解题。根据表格可知 African Football 的成员是 56，可知其成员最多，故选 D。 3. C【解析】细节理解题。根据表格可知有三种球类运动以英语为官方语言，故选 C。 4. A【解析】细节理解题。根据表格中的内容可知棒球源于欧洲并且盛行，法国属于欧洲国家，故选 A。 5. C【解析】细节理解题。根据 Volleyball Fed
27、eration www.voleysur.org 可知答案选 C。 B 文章大意：这篇短文主要告诉我们书店应该成为人们读书的好地方，以及现在人们还喜欢去书店的一 些原因，并介绍了几种特殊主题的书店。 6. B【解析】标题归纳题。阅读短文可知，这篇短文主要是告诉人们，要让书店成为一个读书的好地方。故 选 B。 7. C 【解析】 细节理解题。 根据 Earlier this month, Sanlian Taofen Bookstore became the first 24-hour bookstore in the city. 描述，可知三联书店是北京唯一一家昼夜开放的书店，故选 C。 8.
28、 B【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第三段 They can touch the books and smell the print.描述，可知人们去书 店很多是为了摸摸书，闻闻墨香。故选 B。学#科￥网 9. D【解析】细节理解题。根据 Some have special themes(主题). Popular Holdings(大众书局) in Shanghai is a film-themed bookstore.描述，可知大众书局是一家专业书店。故选 D。 III. 短文填空。短文填空。 文章大意：这篇短文主要介绍了作者七年级时对历史不感兴趣，上课不认真听讲，后来换了一位幽默 的历史老师，
29、在愚人节那天和他们开了一个考试的玩笑，由此作者认识到如果不努力学习，有可能会成为 傻瓜。 1. carefully【解析】根据上文可知我在课上不认真听并且不完成作业，副词修饰动词，故填 carefully。 2. subject【解析】根据上文可知我在这个科目做的不好，故填 subject。 3. second【解析】在第二学期，来了一个新的幽默的历史老师。结合句意，故填 second。 4. took 【解析】 由于我不擅长历史， 所以无论什么时候进行历史考试， 我不得不作弊。 结合句意， 故填 took。 5. faces【解析】他们两个脸上都有神秘的微笑。结合句意，故填 faces。 6. handed【解析】当试卷最后发下来，我们所有的人发现那恰恰是地理卷。hand out 分发，故填 handed。 7. silly【解析】马上我变得蠢如木鸡。结合句意，故填 silly。 8. laughing 【解析】 就在那时， 我们的老师忍不住哈哈大笑。 cant help ding sth,禁不住做某事， 故填 laughing。 9. realized【解析】之后我意识到那是愚人节。结合句意，故填 realized。 10. study【解析】我知道如果我不努力学习有一天我可能就会是个傻瓜。结合句意，故填 study。
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