1、 一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态 （Page 44） 1. 一般过去时的被动语态： (1)一般过去时的被动语态的构成：was/were + 及物动词的过去分词。 The desk was made by my father. 这张桌子是由父亲做的。 (2) 句式变化：肯定句：主语 + was/were + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他. 否定句：主语 + wasnt/werent + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他. 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他? 回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. No, 主语 + wasnt/werent. 2
2、. 各种时态的被动语态形式归纳（以动词 give 为例） 一般时态一般时态 进行时态进行时态 完成时态完成时态 现在现在 am is given are am is being given are has been given have 过去过去 was given were was being given were had been given 将来将来 shall be given will shall have been given will 过去将来过去将来 should be given would should have been given would 含有情态动词含有情态动词
3、can/should/must/could/may be given 3. 被动语态主要在下面几种情况中使用： （1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时。 Such books are written for children.这些书是为儿童写的。 We havent been told about it. 没有人通知我们这件事。 （2）强调动作的承受者（这时可带由 by 引起的短语） 。 The book was written by Mo Yan. 这本书是由莫言写的。 Manmade satellites have been sent up into space by many co
4、untries. 许多国家已向太空发射了人造卫星。 （3）处于礼貌等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。 He was asked to give a talk about how to learn English well. 他被要求作关于怎样学好英语的报告。 【助记】 【顺口溜】 一般过去时，被动用 bedone； be 形式有两种，主单 was 主复 were； 疑问提前 be，否定 be 后 not 挤。 4. 被动语态的注意事项： (1)主语+连系动词 + 表语的句子没有被动语态。 (2)there be 结构没有被动语态。 (3)主动句中宾语是反身代词的没有被动语态。 (4)句子是
5、主谓结构时，没有被动语态。也就是说，不及物动词没有被动语态。 (5)有些不及物动词加介词构成及物动词短语，如果变被动语态，不能把动词后的介词丢掉。 He looks after his younger sister. His younger sister is looked after by him. 他照看他妹妹。 (6) 在主动语态中，在 make， hear，see，watch，notice 等词后跟省略 to 的动词不定式，但在被动语态中， to 不可省略。 We saw a stranger enter the hall. A stranger was seen to enter t
6、he hall by us. 我们看到一个陌生人进入 了大厅。 （7）被动语态结构中的 be 用 was 还是用 were。 被动语态的用法 谁的动作不知道，说出谁做没必要； 承受之人需强调，被动语态莫忘了。 主语的单复数决定 be 用 was 还是用 were。 【典例】So many trees and beautiful flowers _ in this area in 2014. A. were planted B. was planted C. are planted 【答案】A 【解析】本题用主谓一致法解题。根据句子的时间状语 in 2014 可知本句应用一般过去时，主语 tre
7、es and flowers 是复数，be 应用 were。 （8）在主动语态中 make，see 等动词后接省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语，变成被动语态时，不定式符号 to 要还原。 【典例】Though he often made his little sister _, today he was made _by his little sister. A. cry；to cry B. crying；crying C. cry；cry D. to cry；cry 【答案】A （9）在主动语态中，动词短语中的介词在变为被动语态时，仍要跟在原动词之后。在主动语态中，动词短语中的介词在变为被动
8、语态时，仍要跟在原动词之后。 【典例】Old people werent _ good _ in the past. A. take；care of B. taken；care C. took；care D. taken；care of 【答案】D 【解析】考查固定短语。take care of 照顾，照料，在被动语态中不能漏掉介词。 （10）主动语态若有双宾语，变为被动语态时，间接宾语(人)和直接宾语(物)都可变为主语，动词后一般要 用相应的介词与其搭配。 He gave me a book. (改为被动语态) A book was given to me by him. I was giv
9、en a book by him. 【魔法记忆】变被动语态的口诀：宾提前变主，主变介 by 宾；谓语 be 加 done，时态看主动。如遇双宾语， 最好变间宾；若要变直宾，间宾前加 to/for。主动中省 to 的不定式，被动中 to 加上。 【典例】1. She _ to give a talk about how to save water yesterday. A. invite B. invited C. is invited D. was invited 【答案】D 【解析】联系选项可知句意为昨天她受邀做了一个关于如何节约用水的报告。句子主语和谓语动词间 存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以本
10、句是被动语态，谓语构成为be + 及物动词的过去分词，可排除 A、B 两项。由关键词 yesterday（昨天）可知，本句为一般过去时态，再排除 C 项。故选 D。 2. Why didnt you go to the New Years party last Friday? Because I _. A. was invited B. wasnt invited C. didnt invite 【答案】B 一、单项选择。一、单项选择。 1. （2018 河北中考）Look at the picture. The top five TV plays _ in it. A. list B. ar
11、e listed C. will list D. will be listed 2. （2018 湖北恩施州中考）If you are caught smoking in the kitchen, you _ by your boss. A. will fire B. are fired C. will be fired 3. （2018 徐州中考）The latest mobile phone _ in China. A. will make B. has made C. is making D. is made 4. （2018 江西中考）Kids have to take many af
12、ter school classes. They _ hard to study for good grades. A. push B. are pushed C. are pushing D. have pushed 5. （2018 四川乐山中考）Look, what an old bridge! It looks so special! Yeah, it _ nearly 500 years ago. A. was building B. was built C. has built 6. （2018 湖北咸宁中考）The 19th National Congress of the CP
13、C(中共十九大) _ in Beijing last year. Our country has been into a new era(时代) since then. A. held B. was held C. has held D. had held 7. （2018 菏泽中考）It is believed that tea _ to Korea and Japan from China during 6th and 7th centuries. A. brought B. was brought C. is brought 8. （2018 山东临沂）Jane _ to call me
14、 last night, but she didnt. A. supposed B. supposes C. was supposed D. is suppose 9. （2018 安徽中考）The weatherman says a rain shower _ this afternoon in the south. A. expects B. expected C. is expected D. was expected 二、完形填空。二、完形填空。 Good morning, everyone. Im Flyki and my partner is Michelle. Today, we
15、 two want to introduce a new invention designed 1 us to you here. Its called flying car. Nowadays, the number of 2 is increasing, and it leads to a bad influence. People living in the cities have found that its getting more and more 3 to move around in the streets. Traffic jams turn out to be a big
16、problem. Thats 4 we have the idea. The car not only looks like a car but also looks like a plane. It has 5 rires(轮胎) and foldable wings. It also has the advantages of small volume(体积) and light weight. When it transforms into a plane, it can fly 6 a speed of 110 miles per hour. Its a roadable aircra
17、ft. All you need is just a driving license. Then, you can drive it just like driving a car. The car will make our life more convenient, 7 it can switch between a car and a plane. To begin with, it can drive on any surfaces and thanks to its foldable wings, it can transform into a personal plane. Whe
18、n the roads are 8 , it can help you easily reach the destination. Much time can be 9 . This kind of car makes our lives 10 and more comfortable. If you have such a car, you will feel very good! Thats all. Thanks for listening. 1. A. with B. to C. by D. for 2. A. cars B. planes C. taxis D. buses 3. A
19、. expensive B. interesting C. convenient D. difficult 4. A. what B. why C. that D. which 5. A. three B. four C. five D. six 6. A. in B. on C. for D. at 7. A. so B. though C. if D. because 8. A. crowded B. free C. wide D. short 9. A. wasted B. cost C. saved D. lasted 10. A. easier B. richer C. heavie
20、r D. worse 三、阅读理解。三、阅读理解。 A How could we tell time if there were no watches or clocks anywhere in the world? The sun was probably the worlds first clock, except in the far north, where the Eskimos(爱斯基摩人) live. There, its dark most of the winter, and light most of the summer. But in most of the world
21、, people have used the sun for a clock. Even today, if you dont have a clock, you still know that when the sun shines, its day, and when its dark, its night. The sun can also tell you if its morning, noon, or afternoon. People who live near the sea can tell time from the tides. In the daytime, for a
22、bout six hours, the water rises higher and higher on the beach. And then it goes down and down for about six hours. The same thing happens again at night. There are two high tides and two low tides every 24 hours. Seamen on a ship learn how to tell time by looking at the moon and the stars. The whol
23、e sky is their clock. In some places in the world the wind comes up at about the same time every day or changes direction or stops blowing. In these places the wind can be the clock. A sand clock is an even better clock. If you had fine dry sand in a glass shaped like the one in the picture, you wou
24、ld have what is called an hourglass. The sand in the hourglass goes from the top part to the bottom part in exactly one hour. When the hourglass is turned over, the sand will take another hour to go back again. 1. According to(根据) the passage, there are _ ways to tell time besides the clock and watc
25、h. A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 7 2. The Eskimos in the far north cant use the sun for a clock because _. A. they know very little about the sun B. the sun there never goes down in winter C. its too cold for them to go out to watch the sun D. it has long dark winters and long light summers 3. The underlined(下划
26、线) word tides in the passage means _. A. 洋流 B. 潮汐 C. 海啸 D. 波浪 4. In which page of a newspaper can you most probably read this passage? A. News B. Science C. Business D. Advertisement 5. Whats the best title for the passage? A. Different Ways to Tell Time B. Useful Machines to Tell Time C. The Histor
27、y of the Clock D. The Development of the Clock B A 15-year-old student who invented a flashlight(手电筒) getting power from the holders body heat is going home today from California with a big prize and a chance to do further research. Ann Makosinski was the only Canadian among the four winners at Goog
28、les international science competition. Thousands of young scientists from around the world took part in the competition. Winning the science and technology competition was a surprise. Ann said, I think it will have a great influence on my future. Ann thanked her family for encouraging her interest i
29、n science and said that her first toy was a box of transistors(晶体管). Anns prize includes $ 25,000 and a once in a-lifetime expericnce from Google for her Hollow Flashlight, which has no moving parts or batteries. The idea for the invention came from seeing unwanted batteries and her friends experien
30、ce. When Ann visited a friend in the Philippines, she saw the friend couldnt study when it became dark because there was no electricity or light. She saw the need for a flashlight that has no batteries - Hollow Flashlight. In her project, Ann wrote I made two flashlights that do not use any batterie
31、s or harmful materials. They do not create any noise and will always work. The flashlight needs at least a 5 temperature difference between the holders body and the environment around to produce light. A video of Ann explaining how she creatcd the flashlight has been watched more than 1.4 million ti
32、mes on the Internet. Though Ann was successful, she has not made a decision about her career path. Ann hopes that she can find a way to join her love of film and science together. The four winners were chosen from 15 final competitors from eight countries. The competition attracted thousands of stud
33、ents in 120 countries. 6. In which part of a newspaper can we probably read this passage? A. Travel. B. Culture. C. Technology. D. Advertisement. 7. The first paragraph is written to be a(n) _. A. introduction B. warning C. argument D. discussion 8. Paragraph 6 mainly tells us _. A. what Ann saw in
34、the Philippines B. why Ann invented Hollow Flashlight C. how Anns family encouraged her interest D. what prize Ann got for Hollow Flashlight 9. According to the passage, we learn _. A. easy to win the international science competition B. Hollow Flashlight is safe, noiseless and can save energy C. An
35、n has made a decision to be a scientist in the future D. few people are interested in how Ann created the flashlight 一、单项选择。一、单项选择。 1. B 【解析】 句意： 看这幅画。 前五名的电视剧都在里面。 考查被动语态。 根据语境得知 The top five TV plays 与 list 之间存在被动关系；由 Look at the picture 得知是一般现在时，因此为一般现在时的被动语态， 故选 B。 3. D【解析】句意：最新的手机是在中国制造的。will m
36、ake 将会制造，一般将来时态；has made 现在完成 时态； is making 现在进行时态； is made 一般现在时的被动语态。 根据句意可知， 这句话的主语 The latest mobile phone 与谓语动词 make 之间构成被动关系，应用被动语态，选项中只有 D 是被动形式，所以 选 D。 4. B【解析】句意：孩子们不得不上很多课外班。他们刻苦学习以求好成绩。考查被动语态。句中的 they 指上文的 kids，是动词 push 的受动者，需用被动语态；根据句意结构，可知选 B。 5. B【解析】句意：看，多么古老的桥啊！看起来很特别！是啊，它是近 500 年前建造
37、的。考查动 词语态辨析题。it 指的是上一句的 bridge，是动词 build 的受动者，需用被动语态。500 years ago 五百 年前，用于一般过去时。根据句意结构和语境，可知选 B。 6. B【解析】句意：去年，中共第十九次全国代表大会在北京举行。从那时起，我国进入了一个新 的时代。 A. held 一般过去时； B. was held 一般过去时的被动语态； C. has held 现在完成时态； D. had held 过去完成时态。 根据时间状语 last year 判断， 句子的时态为一般过去时， 主语 The 19th National Congress of the C
38、PC 与 hold 之间是被动的关系，因此要用被动语态的形式，故答案为 B。 8. C【解析】句意：詹妮昨天晚上应该打电话给我的，但是她没有。考查被动语态。supposed to 猜想会/应 该，be supposed to do 本应该会，固定短语。Jane 是动词 suppose 的受动者，需用被动语态；last night 昨天晚上，是过去的时间，系词需用 was；根据句意语境，可知选 C。 9. C【解析】句意：天气预报员说今天下午在南方有望下阵雨。根据 a rain shower 和 expect 之间是被动关 系，所以用被动语态，排除 A/B；根据 this afternoon 可
39、知是一般现在时态；故选 C。 二、完形填空。二、完形填空。 文章大意：Flyki 和 Michelle 向大家介绍了他们自己的新发明，一种会飞的小汽车。这种小汽车不仅看 起来像汽车，而且看起来像一架飞机。它有四个轮胎和能折叠的翅膀，可以在汽车和飞机之间切换， 极大地解决了交通拥挤问题，节省了大量的时间，使我们的生活更方便更舒适。 1. C【解析】句意：今天，我们两个想向你们介绍一下我们设计的新发明。A. with 与在一起； B. to 到， 向；C. by 被；D. for 为了。designed 为过去分词，作 invention 的后置定语，与所修饰的词是被动的关 系，动作的执行者就是
40、we，by后跟宾格形式，故答案为 C。 2. A【解析】句意：现在，汽车的数量在不断的增加。A. cars 小汽车；B. planes 飞机； C. taxis 出租车； D. buses 公交车。根据上文中的句子 Its called flying car，发明会飞的汽车的原因就是当今汽车的 数量越来越多，故答案为 A。 3. D【解析】句意：住在城市的人们发现在街上走动越来越困难了。A. expensive 昂贵的；B. interesting 有趣 的；C. convenient 方便的；D. difficult 困难的。根据下文中的句子Traffic jams turn out to
41、be a big problem.(交通堵塞成了一个大问题)可知，答案为 D。 4. B 【解析】 句意： 这就是我们有这个想法的原因。 A. what 什么； B. why 为什么； C. that 那个； D. which 哪一个。此处解释了发明这种会飞的小汽车的原因，故答案为 B。 5. B【解析】句意：它有四个轮胎和折叠的翅膀。A. three3 ；B. four 4；C. five 5 ；D. six 6。结合上句 The car not only looks like a car but also looks like a plane.，汽车有 4 个轮子，故答案为 B。 6. D
42、【解析】句意：它能以每小时 110 英里的速度飞行。at a speed of 是固定词组，意思是以的速度 行驶，结合句意可知，答案为 D。 7. D【解析】句意：这种汽车可以使我们的生活更方便，因为它可以在汽车和飞机之间切换。A. so 所以， B. though 尽管； C. if 如果； D. because 因为。 后一句解释了这种汽车可以使我们的生活更方便的原因， 故答案为 D。 9. C【解析】句意：可以节省很多时间。A. wasted 浪费；B. cost 花费；C. saved 节约；D. lasted 持续。在 交通拥挤时，它可以像飞机一样飞起来，自然可以节省时间，故答案为
43、C。 10. A【解析】句意：这种汽车使我们的生活更方便更舒适。A. easier 更容易；B. richer 更富裕；C. heavier 更重；D. worse 更糟。这种发明方便人们的生活，故答案为 A。 三、阅读理解。三、阅读理解。 A 文章大意：这篇短文主要介绍了没有手表和钟表，其他的方式也可以给人们指示时间。如太阳的转动， 大海的潮汐，风的变化，以及沙漏等。 1. C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文描述太阳的转动，大海的潮汐，月亮和星星，风的变化，以及沙漏可以 指示时间，故选 C。 2. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段 There， its dark most of the wint
44、er， and light most of the summer 描 述可知冬天的夜太长，夏天的日太长，故选 D。 3. B 【解析】 词义猜测题。 根据第三段 In the daytime， for about six hours， water rises higher and higher on the beach. And then it goes down and down for about six hours.的解释涨潮六个小时，落潮六个小时，可知是指潮 汐，故选 B。 4. B【解析】归纳理解题。根据短文描述可知这是一段科普文章，故选 B。 5. A 【解析】 标题归纳题。 根据
45、短文的主旨大意， 可知主要介绍了除了钟表之外人们辨别时间的方式。 选 A。 B 文章大意：15 岁的学生 Ann Makosinski 发明了用持有者的身体热量作为电源的手电筒。今天从加州拿 着$ 25,000 的大奖回家，还获得了一个进一步研究的机会。这个发明的想法是从看到不需要的电池和她的朋 友的经历中想到的。Hollow Flashlight 环保、安全、无噪音。 6. C 【解析】 细节理解题。 根据第一段介绍发明手电筒可知这篇文章应该在报纸的科学技术栏。 Travel 旅游； Culture 文化；Technology 技术；Advertisement 广告。故选 C。 8. B【解
46、析】段落归纳题。根据第 6 段的意思可知，这个发明的想法是从看到不需要的电池和她的朋友的经 历中想到的。当安在菲律宾去拜访朋友时，她看到朋友无法学习当天暗下来，因为没有电也没有光。 她看到对不用电池-空心手电筒的需要。故选 B（Ann 为什么发明中空手电筒） 。 9. B【解析】推理判断题。根据 I made two flashlights that do not use any batteries or harmful materials. They do not create any noise and will always work.可知，Hollow Flashlight 环保、安全、无噪音。故选 B。
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