1、 Unit2 Grammar that 和和 if/whether 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 在复合句中，如果由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫作宾语从句。引导宾语从句的常见关联词有 that, if/whether, what, who, where, why 和 how 等，本单元主要学习 that 和 if/whether 引导的宾语从句。 一、that 引导的宾语从句 1. 关联词 当宾语从句是陈述句时，用 that 引导，that 在口语或非正式文体中常省略。 I think（that）hell return in an hour.我想他将在一个小时以后回来。 The teacher
2、 said(that) I was right. 老师说我是正确的。 【拓展】关联词 that 在下列情况下不可省略： （1）当宾语从句的主语是 that 时。 He says that that is a map of the city. 他说那是一副城市地图。 （2）当宾语从句前有插入语时。 He says, in his letter, that he misses us very much. 在他的信中，他说他非常想念我们。 （3）当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时。 I cant tell him that his father died. 我不能告诉他他父亲去世了。 【典例】My m
3、other told me_ she would go to the shop. A. that B. which C. what D. who 【答案】A 2. 时态 （1）如果主句为一般现在时，从句可选择任意适当的时态。 Im sorry to hear that you were ill last week. 听说你上周病了，我很难过。 （2）如果主句是一般过去时，从句一般要用过去的某种时态。 She didnt know that Tom had left for Shanghai. 她不知道汤姆已经动身去了上海。 （3） 当宾语从句是表达客观事实或自然规律的句子时， 即使主句用过去时
4、态， 宾语从句仍用一般现在时态。 The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 老师告诉我们光的传播速度比声音快。 二、if/whether 引导的宾语从句 当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用 if 或 whether 引导宾语从句，if/whether 意为是否。 I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。 Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam. 爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。 【拓展】一般
5、情况下，if 和 whether 可互换，在口语中多用 if，而在以下几种情况下，只能用 whether。 （1）当 or not 直接跟在关联词后时，只能用 whether。 I dont know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。 （2）在动词不定式之前只能用 whether。 He dosent know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。 （3）在介词后通常用 whether。 It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。 【助记】宾语从句
6、的用法 【典例】 （2015 南京） I saw David in the teachers office this morning. Do you know _ he was there? He went there to hand in his homework. A. how B. whether C. when D. why 【答案】D 宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how 展风采。 展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。 主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。 陈述请你选 that，疑问需用 if/whether 连。 特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。 三关过后
7、莫得意，人称、标点需注意。 留意变脸的 if/when，从句的简化记心间。 感叹句感叹句 一、定义：感叹句是表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情的句子。 二、种类：感叹句通常有 what 或 how 引导，常用结构： 1. what 引导的感叹句：引导的感叹句： （1）What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数（+ 主语 + 谓语 + 其他） ！ What a beautiful birthday present! 多美的生日礼物呀！ （2）What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数形式 （+ 主语 + 谓语 + 其他） ！ What interesting stories（they are）!（
8、它们是）多么有趣的故事呀！ （3）What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 （+ 主语 + 谓语 + 其他） ！ What fine weather! 多好的天气呀！ 【归纳】 what 的基本句型 例句 What a/an形容词单数名 词(主语谓语)！ (以元音音素 开头的形容词前面要用 an) What an interesting story (it is)! 多么有趣的故事啊！ What形容词复数名词(主 语谓语)！ What beautiful flowers (they are)! 多么漂亮的花呀！ What形容词不可数名词( 主语谓语)！ What delicious food (i
9、t is)! 多么好吃的食物啊！ 2. how 引导的感叹句：引导的感叹句： （1）How + 形容词/副词（+ 主语 + 谓语 + 其他） ！ How tall the tree is! 多么高的树呀！ （2）How + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数（+主语+谓语） ！ How beautiful a flower! 多美的一朵花呀！ 【拓展】what 引导的感叹句通常可与 how 引导的感叹句进行转换。 What a lovely girl she is! = How lovely a girl she is! 她是多么可爱的一个女孩啊！ 【典例】 （2015 苏州）Guan D
10、ong saved an old lady out of the Yangtze River. _ great courage he showed! A. What a B. What C. How a D. How 【归纳】 how 的基本句型 例句 How形容词(主语谓语)! How kind (the girl is)! (这个女孩)多么善良啊！ How副词(主语谓语)! How well (she dances)! (她舞跳得)多好啊！ How主语谓语! (此句型中 how 修饰动词，但动 词不提前。) How time flies! 时间过得真快呀！ 【魔法记忆】感叹句的引导词 wh
11、at 和 how： 1. 根据所接词汇有无名词来判断。若所接词汇为名词或名词短语，该引导词用 what；若所接词汇只有形容 词或副词，无名词，则该引导词用 how。 2. 句中有名词，根据主语和主语前的词汇判断。若主语前的词汇为名词或名词短语，该引导词应用 what； 若主语前的词汇为形容词，则该引导词应用 how。 【典例】用 what 或 how 填空： _ clever girls they are! _ clever the girls are! 【答案】What How 【解析】第句中的主语为 they，they 前的 girls 为名词，且 clever 与 girls 中间无其他
12、词(如定冠词 the 或物 主代词等)， clever girls 意为聪明的女孩， 为名词短语， 则应用 What。 第句中虽有名词 girls， 但 girls 前存在定冠词 the， the girls 为名词短语， 作主语， clever 不能与 the girls 一起构成名词短语， 即主语 the girls 前只有形容词 clever，则应用 How。 I. 单项选择。单项选择。 1. Could you tell me _? At the end of July. A. how often he heard from his pen pal B. how soon he wil
13、l be here C. that he went on vacation D. when you will start your vacation 2. May I ask you _? A. if or not there is a toilet near here B. whether is there a school around here C. that there is a hospital in the neighborhood D. whether we should hand in the homework at once 3. （2016 江苏扬州市竹西中学九年级上学期
14、12 月月考） The match is so exciting. The opposite team is really strong. Youre right. But I am sure _ our team will win! A. if B. that C. whether D. why 4.（2016 江苏无锡市南长区九年级上学期期中） _ unusual experience you had in the USA! A. What a B. What an C. What D. How 5. How do you like the program The Voice of Chi
15、na? _ amazing program it is! Many people like to watch it. A. What B. How an C. What an D. How 6. Could you please tell me _? Yes.There is one on Center Street. A. where can I buy some stamps B. when you will take your vacation C. when was the telephone invented D. if there are any good restaurants
16、around here 7. How long does it take to get to the airport? Forty minutes. But its foggy today. Im not sure _ the highway will be closed soon. Lets set off earlier. A. whether B. when C. how D. why 8. What about going to the South Lake for a picnic next weekend? OK.But Im not sure _ it will rain. A.
17、why B.where C.when D.whether 9. _ interesting the storybook is! Yes. I have read it twice. A. What B. What an C. How D. How an 10.Could you please tell me _? Yes, sure. A. if there is a bookshop near here B. where can I buy a stamp C. when will the next bus arrive D. you like to eat what 11.Excuse m
18、e, can I interview Mr. Miller this afternoon? A moment, please. Let me check _. A. if Mr. Miller will be free B. when will Mr. Miller have time C. if Mr. Miller had an appointment D. when does Mr. Miller come back 12. What did your granddaughter say just now? She wondered _. A. what time was it B. w
19、hether the book was written by Mark Twain C. how could she use the MP4 D. when she will have a final test 13. I wonder if he _ this weekend. If he _, Ill let you know. A. will com/will come B. will come/ comes C. comes/ comes D. comes/ will come 14.Whatever he does, he will tell his mother. honest b
20、oy he is! A. How an B. How a C. What an D. What a 15. _ exciting the good news is! A. What B. What an C. How D. How a 16. Excuse me, can I interview Mr White? A moment, please. Let me check _. A. if Mr White will be free B. when will Mr White have time C. if Mr White was busy D. when does Mr White c
21、ome back 17. I dont think Maths is easy. A. that B. if C. whether D. why 18. In the UK, a woman usually doesnt like to be asked _. A. whether has she got married B. what is her age C. where does she come form D. how much she weighs 19. It is reported that an earthquake hit New Zealand on February 22
22、nd, 2011. _ terrible news! A. How a B. What a C. How D. What 20. （2016 福建省福州中考）_ angry Kangkang looks!What happened? He found his mother reading his diary when he returned home yesterday. A. How B. What C. What an II. 完形填空。完形填空。 The grass looks greener on the other side of the fence.Thats an old 1 i
23、n English. It means other places often look better, more interesting than the place 2 you live. Some people worry 3 young Chinese are beginning to feel that way. They see young Chinese ignoring Chinese culture and, instead, 4 Japanese cartoon books, watching Korean soap operas and even celebrating w
24、estern holidays. Foreign books and soap operas are good, 5 Chinese writers and actors are just as good. As for holidays, Christmas is nice, but it can 6 have the meaning for Chinese that Spring Festival has, and the West has nothing to compare with Mid-Autumn Festival. And lets not forget the part o
25、f Chinese culture I like best: 7 friendliness. Not all countries are as 8 as China. Its good to enjoy other cultures and to learn 9 them, but they cannot replace your own culture. Its good to look on the other side of the fence, but 10 you take a good long look. You will find that the grass isnt alw
26、ays greener on the other side of the fence. 1. A. saying B. words C. voice D. talk 2. A. why B. when C. where D. how 3. A. if B. that C. what D. whether 4. A. buy B. refusing C. refused D. buying 5. A. but B. so C. or D. because 6. A. always B. ever C. still D. never 7. A. it B. they C. its D. their
27、 8. A. warmer B. warm C. cold D. colder 9. A. form B. with C. to D. over 10. A. make up B. make sure C. make up of D. be sure to III. 阅读理解。阅读理解。 A Different countries celebrate the New Year in different ways. Many countries still follow the lunar calendar(阴 历), meaning that their new year often star
28、ts in late January or in February. New Year celebrations for some countries (like China, Vietnam, and Korea) last not one day, but up to two weeks! In the US, many people attend New Year parties.They drink, dance, and cheer at midnight. In the southern US, many people eat black-eyed peas for good lu
29、ck in the new year. In Mexico and Venezuela, many people wear red or yellow for good luck. In Brazil, people wear white clothes for good luck, and in China, they wear red clothes and give children red envelopes with money in them. In Iran, people wear brand new clothes on the first day of the New Ye
30、ar. In Scotland, people open the front door at midnight to let in the New Year, and open the back door to let out the old year. In Switzerland, people kiss each other three times at midnight. In Japan, they ring a bell 108 times to get rid of(除掉) the 108 bad desires. In Korea they ring a bell 33 tim
31、es for 33 old soldiers(士兵). 1. New Year celebrations last up to two weeks in some countries except _. A. Korea B. Brazil C. Vietnam D. China 2. People in _ wear red for good luck. A. Brazil and China B. Brazil and Venezuela C. Mexico and China D. Iran and Venezuela 3. People in Switzerland kiss each
32、 other _ times at midnight of New Year. A. three B. eight C. ten D. thirteen 4. People in Scotland _ at midnight of New Year. A. eat black-eyed peas B. ring a bell many times C. wear white clothes for good luck D. open the front and back door 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. There are man
33、y different countries in the world. B. People like to do different things at midnight of New Year. C. Different countries celebrate the New Year in different ways. D. People like to wear different clothes to celebrate New Year. I. 单项选择。单项选择。 1.D【解析】考查宾语从句。由答语 At the end of July. 可知是询问时间，故选 D。 3.B【解析
34、】句意：这场比赛是如此的激动人心。对手真的很强。你说得对。但我相信我们的球队 会赢得！if 是否，引导由一般疑问句变来的宾语从句；that 引导由陈述句变来的宾语从句；whether 是 否， 引导由一般疑问句变来的宾语从句； why 引导由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句。 结合语境可知该选 B。 4.B【解析】句意：你在美国的经历多不寻常啊！ Unusual 的第一个音素是元音音素。结合句意，故选 B。 5.C【解析】考查感叹句。what 引导中心词为名词的感叹句，how 引导中心词是形容词或副词的感叹句。感 叹句中 program 为单数可数名词，前面需要用 What an。句意：你认为中国好声
35、音这个节目怎 么样？很棒的节目啊！许多人都喜欢看呢。故选 C。 6.D【解析】考查宾语从句。在主从复合句中，宾语从句必须是陈述句语序，故排除 A、C 两项。B 项你 何时去度假；D 项这附近是否有好的饭店。根据答语句意是的，在中心大街上有一家判断 答案选 D。 7.A【解析】本题考查宾语从句的连接词的用法。由答句中但是今天有雾可知我不能肯定高速公路是 否不久后会被关闭。whether 是否；when 何时；how 如何；why 为什么。根据句意应选 A。 8.D【解析】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。根据语境可知，此处表示但是我不确定是否会下雨，故用 whether 引导。故本题选 D。 10.A【
36、解析】本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述句语序，先排除 B、C 两项：D 项中的 what 应放在句首， 排除 D 项。故选 A。 11.A【解析】本题考查宾语从句用法。根据宾语从句要用陈述句语序，先排除 B、D 两项；再根据上句中的 时间状语 this afternoon 可以确定宾语从句要用将来时态，故选 A。 12.B【解析】句意：刚才你的孙女说什么了？她想知道这本书是不是马克吐温写的。这里考查的是 宾语从句，这个从句在句中放在 wonder 的后面做宾语。我们知道，宾语从句中应该用陈述语序，故 可先排除 A 和 C； 句中 wondered 使用的是一般过去时， 故宾语从句中也应该用过去
37、时态， 故 D 不对， 选 B。 13.B【解析】句意：我不知道这周末他是否会来，如果他来，我会让你知道的。本题的第一句 if 引导的是 宾语从句，遇到将来时要用将来结构 will+动词原形；本题的第二句 if 引导的是条件状语从句，遇到 将来不用将来时，可用一般现在时来代替将来时，主语为单数第三人称，come 应该用 comes，所以本 题选 B。 14.C【解析】句意：无论做什么事，他都会告诉他的妈妈。他是多么诚实的孩子啊！感叹句结构： what （a/an）+形容词+名词+主语+谓语；how +形容词+主语+谓语，因为 honest 的第一个因素是元音 音素，故用 an 修饰，故选 C。
38、 15.C【解析】句意：这好消息是多么激动人心啊！感叹句的构成：How+形容词+主语+谓语，What+a/an+形 容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语，What+形容词+不可数名词或可数名词复数+主语+谓语，所以选 C。 17.A【解析】句意：我认为数学不是容易的。that 那；if 如果；是否；whether 是否；why 为什么。很显然 宾语从句 Maths is easy 是由陈述句变来的，故用 that 作引导词。所以选 A。 18.D【解析】在英国，一个女人通常不喜欢被人问她的体重。主句用一般现在时，后面的宾语从句可用所 需要的任何时态，而且宾语从句一般用陈述语气，故选 D。 19.D【
39、解析】句意：据报道，新西兰在 2011 年 2 月 22 号发生一场地震。多可怕的消息啊！感叹句 结构：What + (a/an) + adj. + n. +（主语+谓语） How + adj./adv. + (主语+谓语） ！因为 news 是不可数名 词，不能用不定冠词修饰，故选 D。 20. A【解析】考查感叹句的用法。句意：康康看起来是多么的生气! 发生了什么事情？他昨天回 到家时发现他的妈妈正在看他的日记。感叹句一般有两种结构：what +(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓 语！ 名词是复数或不可数名词， 不加 a/an.how+形容词+主语+谓语！ 根据该句感叹的是形容词 angry， 故选 A。 II. 完形填空。完形填空。 15 ACBDA 610 DCBAB III. 阅读理解。阅读理解。 15 BCADC
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