1、Review 1._ adj. 失望的; 沮丧的_ n. 失望; 沮丧 _ adj. 失望的; 沮丧的_ adj. 令人失望的 2._ n. 缺乏; 短缺 vt. 没有; 缺乏_ adj. 缺乏的; 没有的; 不足的 3. _ vt. 查明; 确定; 决定_ n. 决定, 确定 _ adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的 4._ adj. 聪明的；有智力的_ n. 智力；才智 5._ n. 渴望; 欲望 vt. 渴望; 期望_ adj. 令人满意的 _ adj. 渴望的; 想得到的 6._ v. 无界限的 disappoint disappointment disappointed lack lack
2、ing determination determined intelligence intelligent limitation limit determine desirable desire desired disappointing limited limitless 核心词汇复习 7._ vt. 挑选; 选拔_ n. 选择; 挑选_ adj. 精选的 8._ adj. 渴望的_ adv. 强烈地；敏锐地 _ n. 渴望 9._ adj. 当前的；现在的 n. 水流；电流；思潮 _ n. 通货；货币 10._ vt. 系；绑；贴；(使)附属_ n. 附件；喜爱；连接 11._ adv.
3、独立地；自立地_ adj. 独立的；自主的 _ n. 独立 12._ adj. 足够的_ n. 足够；充分_ adv. 足够 地；充分地 13._ adj. 浅的_ adj. 深的 selection select keenly keen currency attachment attach independent independently current shallow deep sufficient sufficiency sufficiently selected independence keenness 1. 最后_ 2. 用完；耗尽_ 3. 所以；结果是_ 4. 继续做；坚持干_
4、 5. 对感到好奇_ 6. 有限的资源_ 7. 在飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 _ 8. 重视，认为重要_ 9. 为了；以便 _ 10. 高端的_ 11. 缺少；短缺_ 12. 太阳系_ 13. 弄懂；弄清楚_ 14. 导致；造成_ 15. 抱着希望_ 16. 提供生活所需_ in closing run out (of) as a result carry on be curious about limited resource on board attach importance to so as to/in order to high-end lack of solar system fig
5、ure out result in in the hope of provide for sb. 重点短语 1. determine vt. 查明; 确定; 决定 determined adj. 有决心的, 意志坚定的 determination n. 决定, 确定 determine to do sth. 决心做某事 be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事 be determined that. 决心 核心词汇用法 【即学活用】用determine的适当形式填空 (1)The outcome of this election will be _ by the vot
6、es and by the law. (2)Everyone concerned acted with great courage and _. (3)We are _ to rescue his two countrymen. determined determination determined determine decide resolve settle 指经过深思熟虑, 决心去做某事并坚持施行。 侧重指经过思考、比较、讨论或询问之后做出的决定。 语气较强, 强调以坚定不移的信念去做或不做某事, 暗含有远大抱负和坚强决心。 指排除犹豫、怀疑和争论之后做出明确的最终结论。 E.g. 1.
7、 No matter what you determine to do, I would side with you. 2. Whatever we decide to do in the school must be good for the students. 3. Let us resolve to do all we can for him. 4. We havent settled how to get there. 2. disappointed adj. 失望的; 沮丧的 disappointing adj. 令人失望的; 令人扫兴的 disappoint vt. 使失望 dis
8、appointment n. 失望; 沮丧 be disappointed at 对失望 be disappointed in sb. 对某人感到失望 to ones disappointment 令某人失望的是 -ing通常具有主动关系, 其修饰对象往往是物, 其意思是: 令人的。 -ed往往具有被动关系, 多形容人或物的情绪或感受, 其意思是: 感到。 【即学活用】单句语法填空 (1)To my _(disappoint), they refused my request. (2)We were all disappointed _ the news that our picnic was
9、 cancelled because of the rain. (3)My parents will be disappointed _ me if I fail to get the master degree. (4)The author feels _(disappoint) about the solutions to problem. (5) The _(disappoint) result made all _(disappoint). disappointment at in disappointed disappointing disappointed 3. desire n.
10、 渴望; 欲望 vt. 渴望; 期望 desirable adj. 令人满意的; 值得要的 desired adj. 渴望的; 想得到的 desire to do 渴望做 desire sb. to do 希望某人做 desire that. 希望(从句中用should do结构, should可以省略) a desire for sth. 渴望 【即学活用】 (1) She has _ success. (2) The people expressed their desire that the war _ soon. a desire for should come to an end 4
11、. lack n. 缺乏; 短缺 vt. 没有; 缺乏 lacking adj. 缺乏的; 没有的; 不足的 (a) lack of 没有, 缺乏; 不足, 不够 for lack of 因缺乏; 因没有 lack in=be lacking in 缺少 lack作及物动词时, 不能用于被动语态。形容词lacking不用于名词前。 【即学活用】用lack的相关短语填空 (1)He _ courage to do the work. (2)_ could put the birds health at risk. (3)They did not close _ customers. for la
12、ck of is lacking in Lack of sleep 5. argue vt. 争辩; 论证 argument n. 争论 argue with 和争吵 argue about 因为争论 argue that 主张, 认为 argue for 赞成; 支持 argue against 反对; 据理反对 【即学活用】用argue的相关短语填空 (1)Lets not _ money. (2)In this article I will point out some further explanations, and _ one of them. (3)Listen! I am no
13、t going to _ you. (4)He _ the suggestion. argue about argue for argue with argued against 6. limited adj. 有限的 limitless adj. 无限制的; 无界限的 limit v. 把进行到底; 使人渡过难关 carry sb. back 使回想起; 回忆起 carry off 拿走; 夺走 【即学活用】用carry的相关短语填空 (1)They will _ the experiment regardless of what will happen. (2)The college te
14、am _ all the prizes of the table tennis. (3)They _ the discussion. (4)His determination _ him _ the difficulty. (5)The smell of the sea _ her _ to her childhood. carry out carried off carried on carried through carried back 8. result in 导致; 造成 result from 由于, 因为 as a result 因此 as a result of. 作为的结果
15、【巧学助记】图解result in与result from 【即学活用】用result的相关短语填空 (1)Success _ hard work. 成功来自努力。 (2)The accident _ the death of two passengers. 这次事故造成两名乘客死亡。 (3)_, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands. (2019 江苏) 因此, 人类可以用手完成非常复杂的任务。 (4)She died _ her injuries. 她因受伤而死。 results from resulted in As
16、 a result as a result of 9. run out 用完; 耗尽 run out of 用完 wear out 用旧, 穿破; 使疲乏 【易混辨析】run out与run out of run out是不及物短语动词, 其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词; run out of 是及物短语动词, 表示主动含义, 主语一般是人。 【即学活用】用run相关短语填空 (1) Her money has been _ and her patience is also running out. (2) Hes leaving this position, because his te
17、rm of office _. run out of has run out 1. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became _ _. 1961年4月12日，尤里加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。 2. These disasters _, but the desire to explore the universe never died. 这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望, 但探索宇宙的欲望从未消失。 3. Firstly, _ has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
18、 首先, 探索太空已经在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。 the first person in the world exploring space to go into space made everyone sad and disappointed 经典句式 4. _ a new home for people in space, as the resources on Earth will run out. 由于地球上的资源将耗尽, 有必要为太空中的人们找到一个新家。 5. Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronau
19、t Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, _, “Thats one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” 八年后的1969年7月20日，美国宇航员尼尔 阿姆斯特朗登上月球，(说了一句)著 名的话：“这对一个人来说是一小步，对人类来说是一大步。” 6._ people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. 这是因为尽管有巨大的风险，人们还是相信进行太空探索的重要性。
20、famously saying This is because It is necessary to find 1.On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. 1961年4月12日, 尤里 加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。 本句中the + 序数词 + n. + to do 表示第几个做某事的。不定式所修饰 的名词或代词前面常有only, first, last, next或序数词、形容词最高级等修 饰。 【即学活用】完成句子 (1)He is the best
21、person _. 他是出国的最佳人选。 (2)She is the only woman _ the key university. 她是唯一被这所重点大学录取的女性。 to go abroad to be admitted into 经典句式用法 2. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. 这些灾难让每个人都感到悲 伤和失望, 但探索宇宙的欲望从未消失。 本句中made everyone sad and disappoint
22、ed是make的复合结构, 即 make+宾语+宾语补足语; 其中形容词sad and disappointed作宾语补足语。 make的复合结构如下: make sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事 Our English teacher often makes us retell the texts. make sb./sth. done (过去分词)使某人或某事被 常用于make oneself known/heard/understood. Its too noisy. I cant make my voice heard. 太吵了, 我不能让别人听到我的声音。 make sb.
23、/sth. doing使某人或某事一直做 He makes the boy standing there all the time. make + sb./sth. + adj. 使某人或某事(变得) She knew that these solutions were not going to make me happy. make +sb./sth. +n. 让某人或某物成为 They all want to make Jim their monitor. 【即学活用】单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)She fears more guns on the streets will make t
24、hings _(bad). (2)He raised his voice in order to make himself _(understand). (3)Mary tried to _(留我们吃晚饭). (4)He believes that the system will _(让他成为一 名更好的医生). make us stay for supper make him a better doctor understood worse 3. Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight again
25、st world hunger. 首先, 探索太空已经在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥 了作用。 exploring space是动名词短语在句中作主语。 动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况： (1)直接位于句首作主语。 Swimming is a good sport in summer. 夏天游泳是一项很好的运动。 (2)用it作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 常用于“It is no use doing.”, “It is no good doing.”, “It is fun doing.”, “It is a waste of time doing.”等句型中。 It is
26、no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 (3)动名词的复合结构作主语。 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有 格作动名词的逻辑主语，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可 以在句中作主语。 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。 (4)动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。 在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多 用来表示特指或具体动作。 Your going there will help
27、 a lot. 你到那里去将能帮上大忙。 【即学活用】完成句子 (1)_ is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。 (2)_ has caused hearing loss in some teenagers. 在摇滚音乐会上听很吵的音乐已造成了一些青少年的听力丧失。 (3)_ was a great encouragement to us. 他们来帮忙对我们是极大的鼓励。 Working in these conditions Lestening to loud music at rock concerts The
28、ir coming to help 4. It is necessary to find a new home for people in space, as the resources on Earth will run out. 由于地球上的资源将耗尽，有必要为太空中的人们找到一个新家。 It is necessary to find.句型，意为“是有必要的”。it为形式主语 ，不定式短语to find a new home for people in space作真正的主语。 it作形式主语常用于下列句型中： (1)Itbe形容词(for/of sb.) to do sth. (2)It
29、 isn.to do. (3)It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干花了某人时间 【即学活用】完成句子 (1)_ to lend me the book. 你把书借给我实在太好了。 (2)_ work on time. 对我们来说按时完成工作是很重要的。 (3)_ to speak here. 很荣幸被邀请在这儿发表演讲。 (4)_ there and back. 我步行一个来回用一小时。 It is very kind of you It is very important for us to finish It is a great honour to be
30、 invited It takes me an hour to walk 5. Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, famously saying, “Thats one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.”八年后的1969年7月20日， 美国宇航员尼尔 阿姆斯特朗登上月球，(说了一句)著名的话：“这对一个 人来说是一小步，对人类来说是一大步。” “famously say
31、ing, Thats one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.”是现在分词作伴随状语，和句中主语American astronaut Neil Armstrong在逻辑上是主谓关系，和句中谓语动词stepped同时发生，即 表示主动进行的动作。 【用法总结】 现在分词在句中作状语的用法： (1)现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、方式、 伴随等，其逻辑主语要和句子主语保持一致，且分词(短语)与句中主语含 有逻辑上的主谓关系。 _, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她
32、想起了自己的童年。 A number of new machines were installed in the factory, thus _. 这家工厂安装了许多新机器，因而增加了生产。 Seeing those pictures resulting in an increase in production (2)当现在分词(短语)的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前时，要用现在分词 的完成时 having done。 _, the little girl began to watch TV. 做完作业后，这个小女孩开始看电视。 (3)作状语的分词(短语)相当于一个状语从句。 Working ha
33、rd (_), you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。 Having finished her homework If you work hard 6. This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. 这是因为尽管有巨大的风险，人们还是相信进行太空探索的重要性。 句中This is because.意为“那/这是因为”，其中because引导表语从句。 (强调原因) 【用法总结】与“原因”有关的句型： (1
34、)That/This is why. 那/这是的原因(强调结果) He had seen the film before. _ he did not see it last night. That is why (2)The reason why . is that . 的原因是 _ he was absent from the meeting _ he got stuck in the traffic. 他缺席会议的原因是他遇到交通阻塞了。 【即学活用】一句多译 她迟到是因为她没有赶上公共汽车。 She was late. _ she didnt catch the bus. She didnt catch the bus. _ she was late. _ she was late _ she didnt catch the bus. The reason why was that That was because That was why The reason why was that
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