1、Using language .单词拼写 1duty n 职责，义务；责任 2core adj. 核心的(课程、团队等) 3forgive v. 原谅；宽恕 4boxing n. 拳击(运动) .词汇转换 1annoyed adj.恼怒的；烦恼的annoy v使恼怒；使烦恼annoying adj.使人 烦恼的；使人讨厌的 2 adjust v 适应， (使)习惯adjustable adj.可调整的； 可调节的adjustment n 调 整；调节；适应 3accident n意外事件，偶然因素accidental adj.意外的；偶然的accidentally adv.意外地；偶然地 4e
2、nsure v确保；保证 sure adj.一定的；肯定的surely adv.一定；必定； 想必 5complexity n复杂性，错综复杂complex adj.复杂的 6criticise v批评，指责critic n批评家critical adj.批判的；挑剔的；关键 的criticism n批评；批判；评论 7embarrassment n尴尬；难为情embarrass v使窘迫；使尴尬embarrassed adj.尴尬的embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的，令人难堪的 .默写短语 1by_accident 偶然；意外地 2in_this_way 用这种方法 3look_d
3、own_on 瞧不起；鄙视 4play_ones_role_in 在中扮演角色 5run_away_from 逃离 6deal_with 处理；对付 7settle_down 定居 Grammar过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作状语作状语 Embarrassed and ashamed，I cant concentrate on anything. Treated this way，youre sure to feel hurt. Disappointed by his behaviour，I said all this to my best friend. Approached in this
4、 way，your friendship will soon be repaired. Filled with anger，you tend to say whatever comes to your mind. Although wounded all over，the brave soldiers continued to fight. Followed by his wolfdog，the hunter walked slowly in the forest. He was found lying on the ground，his hands tied. 【自主发现】 1句中的过去分词
5、分别在句中作原因状语、条件状语、原因状语、条件 状语、时间状语、让步状语和方式状语。 2过去分词表示被动或已经完成的动作。作状语时，可以单独使用，如句、 句、句、句、句和句；也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，如句。 3过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，如果不一致，我们常在过 去分词前加上其逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构，如句。 一、过去分词(短语)作状语 过去分词(短语)表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。过 去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、 条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。 When offered help， one often s
6、ays “Thank you” or “Its kind of you” (时间状语) 当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“Thank you”或“Its kind of you”。 Given another chance，I will do it much better.(条件状语) 如果再给我一次机会，我会干得更好。 Frightened by the tiger，the girl didnt dare to sleep alone.(原因状语) 因为被老虎吓着了，这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。 Visited many times，the place is still worth visiting
7、again.(让步状语) 虽然已参观了几次，这个地方仍值得再来。 He has been preparing his paper all day long，locked in his study.(方式状语) 锁在书房里，他一整天都在准备论文。 The guest walked into the room，greeted by his owner.(伴随状语) 客人一边和主人打招呼，一边走进了房间。 名师指津 (1)过去分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语必须保持一致，请体会下列例句： Asked why she was late，her face went red.() Asked why she w
8、as late，she went red in the face.() 被问到为什么迟到时，她的脸红了。 If caught，the police will punish the thief.() If caught，the thief will be punished by the police.() 如果被抓住，小偷将受到警察的惩罚。 (2)有些过去分词已经形容词化，作状语时表示人的状态，常见的有：satisfied， surprised，interested，moved，worried，pleased，disappointed 等。 Disappointed at the examina
9、tion results， the girl stood there without saying a word. 那个女孩对考试结果很失望，一言不发地站在那里。 (3)有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时，不表被动而表状态。这样的过 去分词及短语常见的有： lost， seated， hidden， born， dressed in， tired of， faced with， accustomed to。 Dressed in a new dress，she looks very beautiful. 她穿着一件新衣服，看起来很漂亮。 写出下列句中黑体部分分别充当什么状语 Clearly
10、 and thoughtfully written，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.原因状语 Time，used correctly，is money in the bank.条件状语 If asked to look after luggage for someone else， inform the police at once.条件状 语 Seated at the table，my father and I were talking about my job.方式状语
11、 When given a medical examination，you should keep calm.时间状语 单句语法填空 Satisfied (satisfy)with my answer，he gave me a smile. Absorbed (absorb) in his work，Peter simply forgot about food and sleep. Hidden (hide) behind a big tree，the boy was not found by his father. Seated (seat) in the corner of the cla
12、ssroom，the girl was not noticed by the teacher. 二、过去分词(短语)作状语时在句中的位置 过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，可放在主句前作句首状语，后面用逗号与主句 隔开；当放在主句的后面时，前面用逗号与主句隔开。 Done in a hurry，his homework was full of mistakes. 因为做得匆忙，他的作业满是错。 He stood there silently，moved to tears. Moved to tears，he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里，被感动地热泪盈眶。 补全句
13、子 Defeated_again，the scientist didnt give up. 尽管再次被打败了，但这位科学家并没有放弃。 Seen_from_the_air，the Great Wall looks like a giant dragon. 从空中看，长城看起来像一条巨龙。 Children，when accompanied_by_their_parents，are allowed to enter the stadium. 当孩子们由父母陪同时，他们才被允许进入这个运动场。 Grown_in_rich_soil，these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃
14、的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 三、过去分词(短语)作状语时的几种特殊情况 1过去分词在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步、方式和结果状语时，相当于对 应的时间、条件、原因、让步、方式及结果状语从句。 (1)作时间状语，可转化为由连词“when，while，until”等引导的时间状语从句 Seen from the top of the mountain (When it is seen from the top of the mountain)， the whole town looks more beautiful. 从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。 (2)作原因状语，可转化为由连词 bec
15、ause 等引导的原因状语从句 Lost in thought (Because I was lost in thought)，I didnt notice what was happening outside. 因为陷入沉思，我没有注意到外面正在发生的事情。 Greatly touched by his words (Because she was greatly touched by his words)， she was full of tears. 由于被他的话深深地感动，她满眼泪花。 (3)作条件状语，可转化为由连词 if，unless 等引导的条件状语从句。 Given ten m
16、ore minutes (If we are given ten more minutes)，we will finish the work perfectly. 如果多给十分钟，我们会完美地完成这份工作。 (4)作让步状语，可转化为由连词 although，though，even if(though)等引导的让步 状语从句。 Warned of the storm (Though they were warned of the storm)，the farmers were still working on the farm. 尽管被警告了风暴的到来，但农民们仍在农场干活。 (5)作方式状语
17、，可转化为由连词 as if 等引导的方式状语从句。 He began to cry as if bitten by a snake (as if he was bitten by a snake) 他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。 (6)作结果状语，可转化为由连词 so.that.等引导的结果状语从句。 He failed in the competition，blamed by his companions (so that he was blamed by his companions) 他在比赛中失败了，受到了同伴的责备。 2过去分词在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列
18、 分句。 The teacher came into the room，followed by two students (and was followed by two students) 后面跟着两个学生，老师走进了房间。 He spent the whole afternoon，accompanied by his mom (and was accompanied by his mom) 母亲陪着，他度过了一整个下午。 3过去分词作状语可与与之对应的状语从句互换。而从句连词改成过去分词作 状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词过去分词”结构作状语。 Even if I am invited
19、(Even if invited)，I will not take part in the party. 即使被邀请，我也不会参加那个宴会。 Unless you are asked to speak (Unless asked to speak)， you should remain silent at the meeting. 除非被要求说话，在会上你应该保持沉默。 If it is merely drawn on your imagination (If merely drawn on your imagination)， the report will not be convincin
20、g. 假如仅靠你的想象去写，报告是不会有说服力的。 名师指津 过去分词、现在分词和不定式作状语的区别： 一般说来，过去分词作状语，和句子主语是被动关系；现在分词作状语，和句子 主语是主动关系；不定式作状语，一般表示目的。请比较： Seen from the top of the tower，our city looks more beautiful. 从塔顶上看，这座城市更漂亮。(主语 our city 和 see 之间是被动关系) Seeing from the top of the tower，we can get a wonderful view of our city. 从塔顶我们可以
21、饱览城市的美景。(主语 we 和 see 之间是主动关系) To get a wonderful view of our city，we climbed to the top of the tower. 为了饱览城市的美景，我们爬上了塔顶。(不定式表示目的) 4过去分词(短语)的独立结构。过去分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句 子的主语，否则，过去分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的过 去分词(短语)被称为过去分词(短语)的独立结构， 过去分词(短语)的独立结构通常 在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。 The project finished (After the p
22、roject was finished)， they had a two weeks leave. 完成那项工程后，他们休了两周假。 The work done (Because the work was done)，they went out to have a rest. 因为工作被完成了，他们出去休息去了。 名师指津 过去分词与现在分词的区别 区别在于名词/代词与动词ing/动词ed 形式所表示动作的逻辑关系， 如果它们 之间表示主动或动作正在进行，选择现在分词；如果它们之间表示被动或完成， 选择过去分词。 The girl staring at him，he didnt know wh
23、at to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。 The question settled，they felt released. 问题解决了，他们感觉轻松了。 用非谓语将下列复合句改为简单句 When they were asked who had broken the vase，the children all kept silent. Asked_who_had_broken_the_vase，the children all kept silent. If we are united，we will make our life better. United，we will ma
24、ke our life better. As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder. Encouraged_by_the_progress_made_by_him，he works harder. Although we were exhausted by the hard work，we went on with it. Exhausted_by_the_hard_work，we went on with it. .用所给词的适当形式填空 1Absorbed (absorb) in painting，John
25、 didnt notice evening approaching. 2Advocated (advocate) by the public，the project will be put into practice. 3Given (give) more time，they are expected to do it perfectly. 4Caught (catch) in a heavy traffic jam，the taxi driver began to chat with his passenger to kill time. 5When left (leave) alone，t
26、he baby soon began to feel bored. 6We set out for a journey，filled (fill) with excitement. 7All the students seated (seat)，the class began. 8Settled (settle) in a peaceful way，everything returned to normal again. 9Once performed (perform)，the play was well received by the public. 10Faced (face) with
27、 such a difficult problem，he decided to ask for some good advice from his colleagues. .补全句子 1Seen_from_the_hill，the city looks like a beautiful garden. 从山上看，这个城市就像一个美丽的花园。 2When_asked_for_his_views_about_his_teaching_job，Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. 当被问到对教学工作的观点时，菲利普说他觉得既有
28、趣又有意义。 3Inspired_by_what_he_said/his_words，they have decided to try their best to achieve what they want. 受到他的话的鼓舞，他们决定尽力实现他们想要的。 4Finished_on_time，the paper was handed in. 按时完成了，论文被交了上去。 5Corrected_by_the_teacher，the papers were handed out. 被老师订正完后，讲义被分发了下去。 6Permitted_by_his_manager，the worker too
29、k a days leave. 得到经理的允许，这个工人休了一天的假。 7Heated，the water can change into vapour. 加热后，水可变成蒸汽。 8Used_for_a_long_time，the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看起来很旧了。 9The boy started as if awakened_from_a_dream 这个男孩猛地跳了起来，好像从梦中惊醒了似的。 10Surrounded_by_a_group_of_young_people，the old man felt happy. 身边围着一群年轻人，老人感到很高
30、兴。 .同义句转换 1If Andy is offered an important role in a new movie，he has a chance to become famous. Offered_an_important_role_in_a_new_movie，Andy has a chance to become famous. 2Because he was raised in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to become a football star. Raised_in_the_poorest
31、_area_of_Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to become a football star. 3When the house was painted，he was tired. The_house_painted，he was tired. 4Some medicines，once they are wrongly taken，can kill a person. Some medicines，once_wrongly_taken，can kill a person. 5Although he was laughed at by many other
32、colleagues，David went on with his plan. Laughed_at_by_many_other_colleagues，David went on with his plan. 6When it is compared with the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. Compared_with_the_size_of_the_whole_earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. 7Though the
33、y were first introduced to the market，these products enjoyed great success. First_introduced_to_the_market，these products enjoyed great success. 8 Having finished the interview， the manager went to his office， and was followed by the interviewer. Having finished the interview ， the manager went to h
34、is office ， followed_by_the_interviewer .语法填空 Chinese Womens Volleyball Team once achieved great honor in the last century， 1.inspiring (inspire) so many people throughout the whole country.But during the last decade，with the old volleyball players 2.retiring (retire)，the team met with various diffi
35、culties.After 3.winning (win) an important match，Chinese Womens Volleyball Team announced their return.Chinese Womens Volleyball Team had a very important match 4.against Brazil team in the Rio Olympic Games.The hope to win was very little，because Brazil team was 5.the champion of the last two Olymp
36、ic Games and Chinese team only won one match for the last 18 records.Whats more，almost all the audience supported Brazil team.6.It seemed that to win the match was impossible for the Chinese team.However ， 7.guided (guide) by the coach Lang Ping and 8.determined (determine) to fight for the last minute， the girls continued fighting.Even when they 9.lost (lose) the first game，they never gave up.Especially for the last two points，they were so brave and 10.finally (final) won the match.
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