初升高英语衔接课三：英语词性及句子成分

1、初升高英语衔接课初升高英语衔接课 英语五大基本英语五大基本句型句型 1.1.英语十大词类英语十大词类 分类分类 名称名称 缩写缩写 意义意义 实实词词 名词名词 n.n. 代词代词 pron.pron. 动词动词 v.v. 形容词形容词 adj.adj. 副词副词 adv.adv. 数词数词 num.num. 虚虚词词 介词介词 prep.prep. 连词连词 conj.conj. 冠冠词词 art.art. 感叹词感叹词 int.int. 英语词类口诀：名代动形副，介连冠感数英语词类口诀：名代动形副，介连冠感数 命名万事万物命名万事万物 表动作或状态表动作或状态 修饰名词修饰名词/ /代词代

2、词 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子 表数量表数量/ /顺序顺序 表位置、时间、关系等表位置、时间、关系等 表并列、递进、转折等表并列、递进、转折等 表泛指表泛指/ /特指特指 表语气表语气 代名词代名词 实词可以实词可以单独作句子成分单独作句子成分，有词形变化；有词形变化；虚词虚词不可以单独作句子成分不可以单独作句子成分，没有变形，没有变形 2.2.句子八大成分句子八大成分： 英语句子成分口诀： 句子是一家，八人来帮他。 主谓宾表补，定状同位语。 前五作主干，后三作修饰。 1. 主语主语：动作的发出者 Our English Teacher help us l

3、earn English. （_作主语）作主语） I love you.（_作主语）作主语） To improve my English is my goal. （_作主语）作主语） Studying English is very important. （_作主语）作主语） That John is honest is true./ Where she lives remains a mystery. （_作主语）作主语） It is no use studying this book.（_作作_主语）主语） The rich are not always happy. （_作主语）作主语）

4、 How to learn English well troubles me. （_作主语）作主语） 2 2. . 谓语谓语：即谓语动词，表动作或状态 I lovelove you. I amam a boy. I can helpcan help you. I am readingam reading a book now. 3. 3. 宾语：动作的承受者宾语：动作的承受者 He wrote a lettera letter.( _作宾语) He helped meme. (_作宾语) I want to listen to musicto listen to music.( _作宾语) I

5、 enjoy watching TVwatching TV.( _作宾语) I think that he is nicethat he is nice.( _作宾语/宾语从句) I find itit hard to learn Englishto learn English. (_作_宾语) We should help the poorthe poor.( _作宾语) I dont know where to gowhere to go.（_作宾语） _谓语 _谓语 4. 表语：说明主语怎么样表语：说明主语怎么样 My name is John.( _作表语作表语) It is I/me

6、.（_作表语）作表语） The food tastes good.（_作表语）作表语） The book is of no use. /He is in Beijing.（_作表语）作表语） My dream is to be a doctor.（_作表语）作表语） My hobby is swimming.（_作表语）作表语） I feel excited.（_作表语）作表语） The problem is that we dont have money.（_作表语）作表语） I am here.（_作表语）作表语） 5. 宾补：对宾语进行补充说明宾补：对宾语进行补充说明 They made

7、 him a great man.( _作宾补作宾补) The news makes him sad.( _作宾补作宾补) They think it of no use. (介词短语作宾补介词短语作宾补) It allows people to enter./ It makes us cry.（_作宾补，有时作宾补，有时to可以省略）可以省略） I watched the bus leaving.（_作宾补）作宾补） I found my money stolen.（被偷）（被偷）（_作宾补）作宾补） Education has made him what he is today. (_作宾

8、语作宾语) 6. 定语：修饰定语：修饰n.或或 pron. The beautiful girl in red dress is our monitor. 7. 状语：修饰v、adj、adv或整个句子,说明动作的方式、时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、伴随等或形容词、副词的状态特征 He does his homework carefully in his study every morning. The boy is very strong and runs very fast. Feeing tired, he went to bed without supper. 8. 同

9、位语：对名词进行补充说明 Mr. Zhang, our English teacher, is very handsome. I am Li Hua, captain of our school volleyball team. 1.1.读句子并说出单词的词性和句子的成分。读句子并说出单词的词性和句子的成分。 I am Li Hua, a boy of 16. I like music very much because I have been fond of singing since I was a child. I find it interesting to teach myself

10、music in my spare time. 2. 2. 单句改错（每句有一处错误）单句改错（每句有一处错误） 1. Our stepmother likes my sister and I very much. 2.Tony teaches our English and all of us look up to him. 3.This is the company where I once visited. 4.This is the car which price is reasonable. 5.Mr. Smith, together with his children, have

11、come to China. 6.He looks happy today and looks happy at us all. 3. 指出下列句中的定语、状语和宾语补足语指出下列句中的定语、状语和宾语补足语(画线部分画线部分) 1He is a lovely boy. 2There are many women teachers in our school. 3Our monitor is always the first to_enter_the_classroom. 4He is playing there happily. 5I shall go there if_it_doesnt_rain. 6. The story happened in_Beijing. 7He was so tired that_he_fell_asleep_immediately. 8His coming late made his teacher unhappy. 9Please keep the dog out. 10When he woke up, he found himself under_the_bed.