1、高2019级高三下开学考试英语试题第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。APacific Science Center GuideVisit Pacific Science Centers StoreDont forget to stop by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your vis
2、it. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.HungryOur exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? Our caf offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The caf is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily
3、until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.Rental InformationLockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny
4、 Way entrance. ID required.Support Pacific Science CenterSince 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science
5、education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. Its an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science
6、 Center.1. Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?A. In Building 1.B. In Building 3.C. At the the Laser Dome.D. At the Denny Way entrance.2. What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?A. Train Science teachers.B. Distribute science books.C. Inspire scientific research.D. Take sc
7、ience to the classroom.3. What is the purpose of the last part of the text?A. To encourage donations.B. To advertise coming events.C. To introduce special exhibits.D. To tell about the Centers history.BWhen a dirty and untidy orange cat showed up in the prison yard, I was one of the first to go out
8、there and pet it. I hadnt touched a cat or a dog in over 20 years. I spent at least 20minutes, knelt down behind the kitchen as the cat rolled around, relaxed. What he was expressing outwardly, I was feeling inwardly. It was an amazing bit of grace to feel him under my hand and note that I was reach
9、ing a life or another creature with something as simple as my care.Over the next few days there were other prisoners responding to the cat. Every yard period, a group of prisoners gathered there. They stood around talking and taking turns petting the cat. These were guys you wouldnt usually find tal
10、king to each other. Several times I saw an officer in the group, not chasing people away, but just watching and seeming to enjoy along with the prisoners. Bowls of milk and water appeared along with bread, wisely placed under the edge of the dustbin to keep the birds from getting it.The cat was obvi
11、ously homeless and in pretty bad shape. People said that the cat came to the right place. Hes getting treated like a king. This was true. But as I watched, I was also thinking about what the cat was doing for us. There was a lot of talk about whats wrong with prisons in America. We need more program
12、s. We need more psychologists or treatment of various kinds. Some may even talk about making prisons more kind. But I think what we really need is a chance to practise our own kindness. Not receive it, but give it. After more than two decades here, I know kindness is not a value thats encouraged. It
13、s often seen as a weakness.Instead, the culture encourages keeping your head down, minding your own business, and never letting yourself be weak.The cat did my heart good to see the effect he had on me and the men here. By simply saying, I need some help here, he did something important for us. He n
14、eeded us. And we needed to be needed. I believe we all do.4. Which of the following statements is true?A. The cat was dirty because it was kept in prison.B. The officer in the prison enjoyed petting the cat.C. The prisoners prepared food for both the cat and birds.D. The author realized the importan
15、ce of practising kindness.5. We can infer from the third paragraph that_.A. showing love to others can make prisoners strongB. the American prison culture will be improvedC. the author is not content with the prison cultureD. caring for others is encouraged in American prisons6. In Paragraph 2, the
16、author mentioned that Several times I saw all officer in the group, not chasing people away, but just watching and seeming to enjoy along with the prisoners.toA. show us the officer and prisoners get along well with each otherB. show us the American prison culture does need improvementC. show us the
17、 officer and prisoners all like catD. show us the American prison culture is great7. What is the best title for the passage?A. Caring Makes Us Human.B. Prison Culture is Important.C. Animals Need Care.D. Everyone Needs to be Cared for.CTheres an old joke about how you can never buy beerjust rent it.
18、 Who would think that the same joke applies to book buying in the digital age? But thats the case. Many people who will be loading their iPads or Amazon Kindles with bestsellers or classics wont have any idea how limited their rights are as their books owners. Unlike the owners of a physical book, t
19、hey wont have the unlimited right to lend an e-book, give it away, or resell it.All these restrictions raise obvious questions about what ownership is, observes Dan Gillmor, an expert on digital media. The companies that license stuff digitally have made it clear that you own nothing. The rules are
20、based on the 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), with which Congress hoped to balance the rights of copyright holders and content users. In the digital environment, thats always been the trickiest balance to achieve, Annemarie Bridy, a specialist said.Both camps have important fights to pr
21、otect. In the digital world, technology allows infinite(无限的）copies to be made. One could give away an e-book and still have it to read. This becomes a great threat to the livelihood of authors, artists, filmmakers and musicians. So some limitation is sensible. Thats usually done through digital righ
22、ts management, or DRM, which encodes copy limitations into the digital file. The DMCA protected DR M. The question is whether the balance has given an unfair advantage to the booksellers, at the consumers expense. The answer is yes.For one thing, DRM has put far too much power in the hands of digita
23、l booksellers. In 2009, Amazon simply deleted some e-books from buyers, Kindles secretly. An uproar(鼓噪）followed. Amazon then promised never to steal a book back from a Kindle without the device owners permission. But in early 2012, the company shut down the access of Linn Jordet Nygaard, a Norwegian
24、 Kindle owner, to her library of 43 e-books. Another uproar followed, and Amazon backed down again, restoring Nygaards account.Another problem of e-book DRM is that most e-books are tied to the sellers reading device. Buy a book from Amazon, and you can read it only on a Kindle or Amazon app. This l
25、ock-in gives the booksellers power over not only consumers but publishers.Moreover, nowhere does Amazon, Apple or any other distributor promise to support its digital formats forever. There are ways to protect your e-books by changing the format. But is it legal? No one is quite sure.The guiding pri
26、nciple must be that an e-book owners rights and responsibilities parallel those of a printed book owner, and the same must apply to authors, publishers and booksellers.Clarify these rules, and the book market will reap the benefit.Leave the rules as vague (模糊的) as they are, and the victims will be a
27、uthors, consumers and publishers.8. The author mentions the old joke to say that_.A. book buying is easier in the digital ageB. buyers do not really own their e-booksC. it is a good choice just to borrow e-booksD. e-books are convenient compared with physical ones9. Which of the following is TRUE ab
28、out the DMCA?A. It turned out to benefit digital booksellers.B. It seems a little unfair to digital booksellers.C. It has become a threat to the livelihood of authors.D. It actually played a trick on copyright holders and content users.10. The underlined part backed down in Para. 4 probably means_.A
29、. felt guiltyB. gave inC. broke a promiseD. made an apology11. What is the authors suggestion?A. Booksellers should be punished by la w for their marketing strategy.B. Booksellers should make a formal public apology to the victims.C. E-book readers should buy e-books directly from publishers.D. E-bo
30、oks should be treated the same as physical books.DAs a “major” at university, philosophy may not be so popular nowadays, for it seems to be too abstract, remote and impractical, unlike subjects such as computing, finance, accounting and so on.Fundamentally speaking, the word “philosophy”，originated
31、from the Greek meaning “love of wisdom”, originally included all kinds of knowledge. In that world dominated by supernatural gods, philosophers and scientists were the same, and their wisdom was started by asking questions. They believed that everything in the world is composed of air and attempted
32、to examine the air and the sun - these quests developed their wisdom.The relations between man and the world may be divided into three categories, namely the relationships between man and nature, man and society and within the human self, which are studied separately by the natural sciences, such as
33、 physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology; social sciences, such as sociology, economics, politics, law, ethics; and sciences of thinking, such as brain science, neuroscience(神经学), psychology, logic. Philosophy, however, is none of these branches of learning but their abstraction and generalization.
34、The benefits of studying philosophy may be realized as follows: First, it assists people to properly adjust the relations between nature, society and the self, becoming fully aware of where they stand macrocosmically(宏观地)and microcosmically. Second, it makes people think more systematically, combini
35、ng various “separated materials”. Essentially, philosophy is the study of thinking, analyzing issues from different angles before anything can be taken in. Special attention is paid to strict reflection during every stage of thinking and this process itself is included as part of its study, so as to
36、 form a pattern of clear critical thinking. Third, philosophy can also shape ones character. Difficult thinking, reasoning and summarizing result in people becoming firmer and more persistent in a deep sense. Since philosophy is finally about living, it leads to an appreciation of meaningful life th
37、rough perfecting personality.In a sense, philosophy is in fact widely applicable and has been studied and acquired by experts of natural and social sciences and many philosophers, both at home and abroad, who have become celebrities either in their specialist fields of study or in their switched pro
38、fessions as generalists.Therefore, philosophy is not abstract, nor remote, but of profound use.12. How is the second paragraph mainly developed?A. By classification.B. By time.C. By definition.D. By comparison.13. Which is NOT one of the relations between man and the world?A. to understand nature.B.
39、 to understand humans.C. to understand logic.D. to understand society.14. What benefit can people get from learning philosophy?A. People can become fully aware of the standing place on the earth.B. People can become firmer and seldom change their ideas.C. People will have a simple understanding of t
40、he life through appreciation.D. People will form an opinion after viewing a matter from different aspects.15 What can be learned about philosophy?A. It is remote from peoples life and has no profound use.B. It is filled with wisdom and was established by supernatural gods.C. It is widely obtained an
41、d used by many natural and social experts.D. It is one of the branches of the natural sciences.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Engaging SociallyThere are many ways to be an important member of a group, and you probably already have a natural role within the groups that
42、you engage with. This role may not be someone who is at the center of attention at all times, but your role is important._16_ .Once youve developed your opinions, be confident and express them. If you simply agree in arguments and discussions, you wont stand out from the crowd. Feel free to express
43、your opinion when discussing issues like politics and current events. _17_18_ . You dont necessarily have to be the life of every party, especially if it goes against your nature, but try to laugh and loosen up when out in public. This will make you stand out as a fun, interesting person to have aro
44、und._19_. If someone asks about your hobbies and passions feel free to share. Even if someone doesnt necessarily know a lot about a particular interest of yours, if youre passionate about something you can make someone interested.If youve had a lot of unique, interesting experiences, feel free to sh
45、are your stories._20_. Share amusing anecdotes, stories of travel, and other unique stories you have.A. This will make people notice you more.B. People want to be around those who are fun.C. Never be shy about expressing your interests.D. Others will love experiencing your life indirectly.E. However
46、, you can work on recognizing your best qualities.F. Think about your role in a group and try to be proud of this contribution.G. So try your best to attract the attention of your group and show your own importance.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空
47、白处的最佳选项。It was a bitter, cold craning in evening Virginia years ago. An old man was waiting for a ride across the river. The wait seemed endless. His body became stiff in the cold wind.He heard the faint, steady _21_ of approaching hooves (马蹄) coming along the frozen path. _22_, he watched as severa
48、l horse men _23_ the bend. He let the first one pass by, then another and another. Finally, the last rider neared the spot where the old man sat like a snow _24_. As this one drew near, the old man_25_the riders eyes and said, Sir, would you mind giving an old man a _26_ to the other side? There appear to be no passage way by foot.Reining his horse, the rider replied, Sure. Hop aboard. Seeing the old man was unable to_27_ his half-frowned body from the ground, the horsem
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