1、第 1 页 共 9 页 一、语法知识归纳 一、基本概念（一） 定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。（二） 先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。（三）关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词有：who, whom, which, that 和 whose, 另外，as 也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有：when, where 和 why。在定语从句中充当状语。二、关系代词的用法（一）基本用
2、法根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。如下表：关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注who 人 主语，宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom 人 宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose 人，物 定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father w
3、orks abroad is my classmate. that 人，物 主语，宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which 物 主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.whom, which和 that 在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that关系代词
4、as 人，物 主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as 做宾语一般不省略例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分） Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主语）第 2 页 共 9 页 I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主语）
5、 The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作宾语） This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. （作宾语） The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定语）注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。 （见上例）（二）关系代词 that 代替 which 的一些情况which, th
6、at 在代替物时，一般可以通用。但在有些情况下，只用 that。1 先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。例如： This is the best that has been used against pollution. English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. 先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。例如： This is the last place (that) I want to visit. It is the first American movie o
7、f this kind that Ive ever seen. 先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none 等代词时。例如： You should hand in all that you have. We havent got much that we can offer you. 先行词前面有 the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every 等修饰时。例如： The only thing that we can do is
8、to give you some money. The little money (that) he had was stolen.（三）宜用 who, 而不用 that 的一些情况 先行词是 one, ones, anyone 时。例如： One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. Dont tell anyone about the news who oughtnt to know it.先行词是 those 时。例如： Those who were not fit for their work coul
9、d not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.（四）其它情况 先行词既有人又有物时。例如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. 主句已有疑问词 who 或 which 时。例如： Which is the bike that you lost?第 3 页 共 9 页 W
10、ho is the woman that was praised at the meeting?（五）与 whose 有关的问题 whose 是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。例如： I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. Please show me the book whose cover is red. 当 whose 表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用 of which 的形式。例如： The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant. The building, th
11、e roof of which you can see from here, is a new restaurant.或 The building, of which the roof you can see from here is a new restaurant.三、介词前提的问题关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。例如：Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now? （which 作介词 with 的宾语）Have you seen the pen with which I wrote
12、 the note just now? 但是，要注意的是： 介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用 whom 和 which，而不再用 that 或who。 介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。 有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：look for, look after, take care of 等。例如： 错误：Who is the old man to that you were talking to?正确：Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或 Who is the old man (that/ whom) you
13、were talking to? 错误：These are the sheep of which the boy took care.正确：These are the sheep (which/that) the boy took care of.四、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。例如： Who is the guy that is reading over there? The number of people that are going to the exhibition is expected to b
14、e over 25,000. All that needs to be done has been done. He is one of the students who use computer a lot for study. Timmy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam.例中的 all 意为 “一切” ，作单数。例中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人，因此谓语动词也用单数。that 与 which, who, whom 的用法区别：第 4 页 共 9 页 情况 用法说明 例句只用 that 的情况1 先行词为 all
15、, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。2 先行词被 all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few 等修饰时3 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4 先行词既指人又指物时5 先行词被 the only, the very 修饰时6 句中已经有 who 或 which 时，为了避免重复时1. He told me everything that he knows.2. All the books that you offered have been given out.3.
16、This is the best film that I have ever read.4. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5. He is the only man that I want to see.6. Who is the man that is making a speech?只用 which, who, whom的情况1 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which 指代物，用 who/whom 指人2 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用 which 指物，whom指人。3 先行词本身是
17、that 时，关系词用which, 先行词为 those, one, he 时多用who。1. He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.2. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.3. Those who respect others are usually respected by others.二、语法知识拓展（一）选择适当的关系代词 that, which, who, whom 或 whose，把下列句子补充完整。1. Rice is a plant _ is gr
18、own in the south.2. Those _ want to go please sign their names here.3. All _ glitters is not gold.4. This is the only way leads to your success.5. Both the girl and her dog were crossing the street were hit by a coming car.6. This is the biggest building _we have ever built in our school.7. This is
19、the second school _ I used to work at, and many students there still have contact with me.8. There is a mountain _ top is always covered with snow.9. You can take any seat _ is free.10. Could you tell me from _ you borrowed this book?（二）用定语从句合并下列句子1. The lady is a film star.You took a photo of the l
20、ady yesterday.第 5 页 共 9 页 _2. Whats the address of the factory? We noticed the advertisement of the factory the other day._3. This is the stadiumHe often goes to the stadium on Sundays._4. A professor is going to give us a speech this Friday afternoon.He has been working on environmental protection.
21、_5. He hasnt got enough money.He can buy a laptop with the money._（三）单项填空1. Who is the woman is sweeping the floor over there?A. who B. / C. that D. when 2. The doctor is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking C. the nurse is talking to D. who the n
22、urse is talking 3. He talked about a hero no one had ever heard.A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who4. Have you read the book I lent to you?A. that B. whom C. when D. whose5. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.A. who B. as C. about which D
23、. with whom6. Recently I bought a second-hand car was very low.A. which price B. the price of whose C. its price D. whose price7. Lily, is Helen _ you want to introduce me to?A. that B. who C. whom D. the girl8. The professors talked with us about the beautiful schools and the experienced teachers _
24、 they had seen.A. that B. who C. which D. what9. This is the only bus _ goes to the village school.A. / B. that C. where D. it10. Is there a shop around _sells China Daily?A. who B. where C. in which D. which11. She was the only one of the girls in our class _ accepted as candidate for the president
25、 of our Students Union.A. who was B. who were C. who has been D. who have been12. She is no longer the sweet little girl _ she used to be.A. what B. who C. when D. that13. Is this singer _ songs you like best?A. whos B. whose C. which D the one whose14. He got angry with _ was against his opinion.A.
26、 who B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who第 6 页 共 9 页 15. Anyone _with what I said may raise your hand.A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree16. Thats the dog _.A. weve been looking after B. after which weve been lookingC. what weve been looking after D. weve been taking care fo
27、r17. This is the last time _ Ill give you a lesson.A. when B. that C. what D. as18. The family _ I stayed with in Paris are coming to London.A. whose B. which C. what D. whom19. This is the very knife _ I used to cut apples yesterday.A. that B. by which C. which D. with which20. China has many river
28、s, _ the Yangtze River is the longestA. which B. in which C. among which D. one of which21. The use they are _ the waste helps to save a lot of money.A. made of B. made from C. making up of D. making of22. That tree, the branches _ are almost bare, is a very old one.A. whose B. in which C. of which
29、D. of it23. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom24. What is the way Smith thought of _ enough money to buy the new house?A. getting B. having got C. being got D. to get25. Jack spent as much time as he could _ over his lesso
30、ns.A. going B. went C. go D. to go 26. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice.A. at which B. on that C. when D. of which27. I am impressed by the fact that he makes good use of every minute _ he can spare.A. that B. in which C. in that D. when28. This is the last time _ I wil
31、l write to you.A. when B. that C. what D. as29. I dont like the way _ he spoke to me.A. what B. by which C. by that D. /30. The train _ he was traveling was delayed for more than an hour.A. by which B. on which C. for which D. on that（四）改错1. Is this museum you visited a few days ago?2. The girl whic
32、h is standing next to our teacher is her daughter.3. He rushed to help the man his car was trapped in the mud.4. All which is need is supply of oil.5. This is the best film which I have seen this year.第 7 页 共 9 页 6. The cake you made it yesterday was very delicious.7. Do you know the man wrote the l
33、etter?8. Who is the great man who saved my boy?9. Here are the patients after whom you will look.10. This is all the money with that he can buy a Christmas present for his mother.（五）真题回顾1. We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in rural areas. (2008 上海)A. which B. whose C. in
34、which D. with which2. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. (2007 重庆 )A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which3. Animals suffered at the hands of Man _ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural had to provi
35、de food for more people. (2008 江西 )A. in which B. for which C. so that D. in that4. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home. (2008 浙江) A. what B. that C. which D. one5. You can only be sure of _ you have at present; you cannot be
36、 sure of something _ you might get in the future. (2007 安徽)A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that6. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. (2006 北京)A. who, / B. /; who C. who, who D. /; /7. The Beatles _ many of y
37、ou are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. (2006 天津)A. what B. that C. how D. as8. In an hour, we can travel to places _ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. (2006上海)A. where B. when C. which D. what9. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she wa
38、s, she had run back in the direction _ she had come.（ 2006 重庆卷） A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which10. Look out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. (2006 福建)A. whose B. which C. of which D. that11. Mom, what did your doctor say?- He advised me to live _ the air is
39、fresher. (2006 四川)A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where12. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they 第 8 页 共 9 页 are being trained. (2005 江西)A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which13. The English play _ my students acted at the New
40、 Years party was a great success. (2004全国)A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which14. George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. (2004 全国)A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name15. The factory produces half a million pairs of
41、shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad. (2004 辽宁)A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that参考答案（一）选择适当的关系代词 that, which, who, whom 或 whose，把下列句子补充完整。1. that/which 2. who 3. that 4. that 5. that 6. (that) 7. (that) 8. whose 9. that 10. whom（二）用定语从句合并下列句子1. The lady (that/who/whom) you took a phot
42、o of yesterday is a film star.2. Whats the address of the factory whose advertisement we noticed the other day?3. This is the stadium he often goes to on Sundays.4. A professor who/that has been working on environmental protection is going to give us a speech this Friday afternoon.5. He hasnt got en
43、ough money with which he can buy a laptop.（三）单项填空1-5 CCAAD 6-10 DDABD 11-15 ADBCC 16-20 ABDAC 21-25 DCDDA 26-30 AABDB（四）改错1. Is this the museum you visited a few days ago?或者 Is this museum the one you visited a few days ago?2. The girl who/that is standing next to our teacher is her daughter.3. He r
44、ushed to help the man whose car was trapped in the mud.4. All that is need is supply of oil.5. This is the best film (that) I have seen this year.6. The cake you made yesterday was very delicious.7. Do you know the man who/that wrote the letter?8. Who is the great man that saved my boy?9. Here are the patients whom you will look after.10. This is all the money with which he can buy a Christmas present for his mother.（五）真题回顾第 9 页 共 9 页 1-5 CBDAB 6-10 CDCDA 11-15 DDCDA
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