1、Unit 3 Fairness for all Part One: Teaching DesignPeriod 2: A sample lesson plan for Learning about Language(Summary of all the tenses)AimsTo help students to make a summary of all the tensesTo help students discover and learn to use some useful words and expressionsTo help students discover and lear
2、n to use some useful structuresProceduresI. Warming up by learning about Martin Luther King, Jr.The Reverend Dr Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929April 4, 1968) was a Baptist minister and political activist who was the most famous leader of the American civil rights movement. King won the Nob
3、el Peace Prize and Presidential Medal of Freedom before being assassinated in 1968. For his promotion of non-violence and racial equality, King is considered a peacemaker and martyr by many people around the world. Martin Luther King Day was established in his honor. Background and family King was b
4、orn in Atlanta, Georgia (Dixie on Auburn Avenue) to the Rev. Martin Luther King, Sr. and Alberta Williams King. (Birth records list Kings first name as Michael, apparently due to some confusion on the part of the family doctor regarding the true name of his father, who was known as Mike throughout h
5、is childhood.) He graduated from Morehouse College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Sociology in 1948. At Morehouse, King was mentored by President Benjamin Mays, a civil rights leader. Later he graduated from Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania 1 with a Bachelor of Divinity degree
6、 in 1951. He received his Ph.D. in Systematic Theology from Boston University in 1955. King married Coretta Scott on June 18, 1953. The wedding ceremony took place in Scotts parents house in Marion, Alabama, and was performed by Kings father.II. Discovering useful words and expressionsNow you are go
7、ing to do the words and expressions exercises 1 and 2 on page 25. III. Revising all the tensesActive TensesSimple PresentPresent Action or ConditionGeneral TruthsNon-action; Habitual ActionFuture TimeI hear you.Here comes the bus.There are thirty days in September.I like music.I run on Tuesdays and
8、Sundays.The train leaves at 4:00 p.m.Present ProgressiveActivity in Progress Verbs of Perception I am playing soccer now He is feeling sadSimple PastCompleted Action Completed ConditionWe visted the museum yesterday.The weather was rainy last week.Past ProgressivePast Action that took place over a p
9、eriod of timePast Action interrupted by anotherThey were climbing for twenty-seven days.We were eating dinner when she told me.FutureWith will/wont - Activity or event that will or wont exist or happen in the futureWith going to - future in relation to circumstances in the presentIll get up late tom
10、orrow.I wont get up early.Im hungry.Im going to get something to eat.Present PerfectWith verbs of state that begin in the past and lead up to and include the presentTo express habitual or continued actionWith events occuring at an indefinited or unspecified time in the past - with ever, never, befor
11、eHe has lived here for many years.He has worn glasses all his life.Have you ever been to Tokyo before?Present Perfect ProgressiveTo express duration of an action that began in the past, has continued into the present, and may continue into the futureDavid has been working for two hours, and he hasnt
12、 finished yet.Past Perfectto describe a past event or condition completed before another event in the pastIn reported speechWhen I arrived home, he had already called.Jane said that she had gone to the movies.Future perfectto express action that will be completed by or before a specified time in the
13、 futureBy next month we will have finished this job.He wont have finished his work until 2:00.THE PASSIVE TENSES Simple presentactive: passive:The company ships the computers to many foreign countries.Computers are shipped to many foreign countries.Present Progressiveactive: passive:The chef is prep
14、aring the food. The food is being prepared.Simple Pastactive: passive:The delivery man delivered the package yesterday. The package was delivered yesterday.Past Progressiveactive: passive:The producer was making an announcement. An announcement was being made.Futureactive: passive:Our representative
15、 will pick up the computer. The computer will be picked up.Present Perfectactive: passive:Someone has made the arrangements for us. The arrangements have been made for us.Past Perfectactive: passive:They had given us visas for three months. We had been given visas for three months.Future perfectacti
16、ve: passive:By next month we will have finished this job. By next month this job will have been finished.IV. Revising useful structuresNow it is time to do the exerciser 1 on page 26 to revise all the tenses. V. Reading for forms Read the text SCOUTS FIRST DAY/ AT SCHOOL on page 27 to: cut/ the sent
17、ence into thought groups, blacken the predicative, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions. SCOUTS FIRST DAY/ AT SCHOOLThe teacher turned to the class/ and said: “Everybody /who brings lunch, put it /on their desk.” She walked around the rows/ staring into lunch boxes/ noddin
18、g at some /and frowning a little at others. She stopped/ at Walter Cunninghams desk. “Wheres yours?” she asked.“Did you forget your lunch /today?” asked/ the teacher. Walter looked straight ahead. “Yes,” he said /softly.The teacher went to her desk/ and opened her purse. “Heres some money,” she said
19、 to Walter. “Go /and eat /in the town /today. You can pay me back /tomorrow.” Walter shook his head. “No, thank you, Miss,” he whispered/ and shook his head/ again. The teacher grew a little more impatient. “Come/ and get it,” she said/ sharply.When Walter shook his head /a third time, I spoke up /f
20、or Walter. “Miss Caroline?”“What is it, Scout?”“Miss Caroline, hes a Cunningham,” I sat down. I thought /I had made it /very clear. My special knowledge /of the Cunningham family/ was gained /last winter. Walters father was one of my father, Atticuss customers. One day /I heard Mr. Cunningham say, “
21、Atticus, I dont know how Ill ever be able to pay you.”“Dont worry.” Atticus said.So /I asked my father/ if Mr. Cunningham/ would ever pay us.“Not /in money,” he said, but /before the years out, Ill have been paid. You watch.”We watched. One morning/ I found a load of wood /on the back yard. Later/ a
22、 large bag of nuts /appeared /on the back steps.“Why does he pay you /like that?” I asked my father. “Because its the only way /he can pay me. He has no money.” So /it was clear to me /and to the rest of us. Walter didnt forget his lunch. He had none /today, nor would he have any /the next day.turn
23、to the class, bring lunch, walk around the rows, stare into sth., nod at sb., look straight ahead, open ones purse, pay back, shake ones head, saysoftly, saysharply, speak up for sb., make sth. clear, special knowledge of sth., in money, a load of wood, on the back yard, on the back steps, it is cle
24、ar to sb., the rest of , the next day.VI. Commonly Used and Misused Punctuation MarksComma (,)Use commas to separate items in a series.Example: Our itinerary included Rome, London, and Madrid.Use a comma before and, but, or, nor, for, so, and yet, when they join independent clauses (unless the claus
25、es are short). Example: The story gets off to a slow start, but it gets exciting toward the end.Use commas to set off nonessential clauses and phrases.Example: My father, who started this company, really knows his stuff.Use a comma after introductory elements. Examples: Well, how do you do? Before y
26、ou leave, turn off the lights.Use commas to set off an expression that interrupts a sentence. Examples: The article in The Herald, our local paper, is about writing skills. Cabs in New York, Im certain, obey the speed limit.Use a comma in certain conventional situations (to separate items in dates a
27、nd addresses, after the salutation and closing of a letter, and after a name followed by a title). Examples: January 1, 1992New York, NYDear Shirley,Cordially,Albert Schweitzer, Ph.D. Dont use unnecessary commas. Use them sparingly and only to clarify issues. Commas in the wrong places can be confus
28、ing.Apostrophe ()To form the possessive case of a singular noun, add an apostrophe and an s. Examples: Bobs car; Ones home. If the addition of an “s“ produces an awkward sound, add only the apostrophe. Usually, this is when there is already a double “s“ sound. Examples: Moses; for old times sake; fo
29、r goodness sake.To form the possessive case of a plural noun, add an apostrophe after the s. Example: girls teams. If the plural form of the word does not end in s, add an apostrophe and an s.Example: womens team.Use an apostrophe to show where letters have been omitted in a contraction. Examples: c
30、ant = cannot; its = it is.Semicolon (;)Use a semicolon between independent clauses not joined by and, but, nor, for, yet, and so.Example: Read what youve written; dont just pass it on.Use a semicolon between independent clauses joined by such words as for example, besides, nevertheless, etc.Example:
31、 I think hes right; however, its difficult to know.Use a semicolon between items in a series if the items contain commas. Example: Winners in the competition were Bill, first place; Amy, second place; and Jeff, third place.Colon (:)Use a colon to mean “note what follows.“ Example: When you go to tra
32、ining, take these items: paper, pencil, and an alert mind.Use a colon before a long, formal statement or quotation. Example: We remember Lincolns Gettysburg Address: Four score and seven years agoHyphen (-)Use a hyphen to divide a word at the end of a line.Example: If you are not sure where to hyphe
33、n-ate a word, look it up in the dictionary. Hyphenate a compound adjective when it precedes the word it modifies. Examples: fast-moving train, long-distance runner.Dash (-)Use a dash to indicate an abrupt break in thought.Example: The truth is-and you probably know it-we cant do without you.Use a da
34、sh to mean namely, in other words, or that is before an explanation. Example: It was a close call-if he had been in a worse mood, I dont think Id still be here.Quotation Marks (“ “)Put periods and commas inside quotes.Put colons and semicolons outside quotes.Vary placement of exclamation and question marks according to meaning.Closing down by doing a punctuation exerciseTo end this period you are to do the punctuation exercise on page 27.
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