1、Unit 3 Grammar and usage,Objectives,To review adverbial clauses that express time, place, reason, condition, purpose, result, manner, concession or contrastTo learn which conjunctions can be used to introduce each clause,语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。,Can
2、you tell what the following sentences express? Before the Revolution, there had been great unrest in France because people had no freedom and were suffering from hunger.Blue stands for liberty and justice, while white represents peace and honesty. When the Americans objected to this, the British wou
3、ld not compromise.,expressing reason,expressing contrast,expressing time,In a salute to the French and their revolution, many countries have chosen to use the same colours in their flags as the French did. Even though they lived in colonies, the Americans had been used to autonomous rule and low tax
4、es. The most common one is that red stands for blood, or things that are physical, while white represents the spiritual.,expressing concession,expressing concession,expressing contrast,状语从句 （Adverbial Clause） 状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般
5、由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。,状语从句概述,时间状语从句 (adverbial clauses of time) Adverbial clauses of time can be introduced by when, while, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, etc： When we lived in town we often went to the theatre. After she got married, she changed comp
6、letely. We must strike while the iron is hot. It was a long time before I got to sleep again. As the sun rose the fog dispersed.,I havent heard from him since he left. Whenever she had a cold, she ate only fruit. Once you have learned Spanish, you will find Italian easy. Sometimes, adverbial clauses
7、 of time can be introduced by a noun or noun phrase. Every time/Each time I listen to music Ill think of it. I came immediately you called. The moment I heard the news, I hurried to the spot.,地点状语从句 (adverbial clauses of place)An adverbial clause of place is usually introduced by where, wherever, an
8、ywhere, everywhere： The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple. You can camp wherever you like these days. Ill take you anywhere you like. Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.,原因状语从句 (adverbial clauses of reason) An adverbial clause of reason can be introduced by because, as, s
9、ince, now (that) or in that: He was angry because we were late. As the soup was very salty, we were thirsty afterwards. Since you are going, I will go. He was fortunate in that he did not get injured in the car accident.,条件状语从句 (adverbial clauses of condition) An adverbial clause of condition can be
10、 introduced by if, unless, so long as, as long as or in case. If you do that I shall be very pleased. Nobody will get anything unless they ask for it. You will make it as long as you put your heart into it. He took a spoonful and tasted it in case it was hot.,目的状语从句 (adverbial clauses of purpose) We
11、 use so (that), in order that, lest, for fear that to introduce an adverbial clause of purpose. I have given him a key so that he can get into the house whenever he likes. They risk their lives in order that we may live more safely. He didnt dare to leave the house lest someone should recognize him.
12、 We often use modal verbs like may, might, can or could in them.,结果状语从句 (adverbial clauses of result) An adverbial clause of result can be introduced by so that, sothat, suchthat. We arrived early, so (that) we got good seats. It was so dark that he couldnt see the faces of his companies. There was
13、such a lot of rain (that) we couldnt go out. So bright was the moon that the flowers were bright as by day. (倒装),方式状语从句 (adverbial clauses of manner) An adverbial clause of manner is usually introduced by as, as if/though, like. I am as you can imagine short of money. She cant cook like her mother d
14、oes. I remember the whole thing as if/though it happened yesterday.,让步状语从句 (adverbial clauses of concession) We often use although, though, even though/if, whetheror, no matter who/what/ where, to introduce adverbial clauses of concession. Though he does it slowly, he does it very well. Theyll stand
15、 by you even if you dont succeed. I will find her wherever she may be. Whatever you may think, Im going ahead with my plans. Sometimes we use as in the inverted sentence order to express concession. Much as l like Venice, I couldnt live there.,比较状语从句 (adverbial clauses of contrast) An adverbial clau
16、se of contrast is usually introduced by than or as： You sing better than I do. It is easier than I thought. You know as much about that as I do. 在很多情况下，从句中有些词可省略： He has more time than me (I have). He doesnt work as hard as her (she does). She was as interested in music as ever.,课本练习,Fill in the bla
17、nks with the words below.,when, as though, no matter what as, since, unless, if,Eric: When I was in kindergarten, my teacher told us that we could become anything _ we got older. Jo: My teacher said that, too, and we believed we could become whatever we wanted to be.,when/as,Eric: You know I really
18、wanted to become a fish, _ fish were so beautiful and so free in the water. Jo: Ha! Ha! Thats funny. When I was about five years old, I thought I could hatch an egg _ I kept it warm, and I slept with some eggs in my bed, and guess what? Eric: You broke the eggs? Jo: Yes, all of them. I felt _ I had
19、killed my little chickens and I cried.,since,if,as though,Angry _ my mother was, she didnt scold me. Instead, she explained how a hen hatched eggs and asked me not to do that again. Eric: Did you do whatever your mother told you? Jo: Yes, I always listened to her, _ _ she said. She used to be my her
20、o. Eric: My mother used to tell me that _ I ever swallowed a seed, a plant would grow inside me, so I never ate watermelons _ they were seedless.,as,no matter,what,if,unless,课本练习,Fill in the blanks with suitable conjunctions.,With the development of transport, travelling has become easier and more c
21、omfortable. People travel for various reasons and purposes. Some go travelling _ _ they are interested in natural scenery and wildlife. Others travel _ _ they can see famous places,Travelling and travellers,because/as,since,so that/,in order that,and monuments they heard about even _ they were young
22、. There are also people who travel _ they may learn about the customs of different places. _ you are travelling, you should show respect for the people you meet and places you visit. _ you are an acute observer, you will find beauty and thrills no matter _ you are.,when,in order that/so that,While/W
23、hen,If,where,_ travelling is popular and beneficial, it can also be very tiring, and sometimes even a bit disappointing. _ you expect different places to have the same food as you are accustomed to at home, then you are bound to be disappointed. So, good travellers always make good preparations _ th
24、ey travel.,Although/While/Though,If,before,Time for reflection,How many types of adverbial clauses did we learn today? 2. Which conjunctions can be used to introduce each kind of clause?,Quiz I: 单项选择Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water _ they are not managed carefully. A. though B. befo
25、re C. until D. if 2. Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but _ they have eggs or young chicks, they dont use a nest.A. why B. how C. unless D. where,3. Pop music is such an important part of society _ it has even influenced our language.A. as B. that C. which D. where 4. Leave your key wi
26、th a neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day.A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case,5. He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears. A. why B. where C. when D. while 6. Mom, what did your doctor say? He advised me to live _ the air is fresher.A. in where B. i
27、n which C. the place where D. where,7. _ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although 8. In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help _ there is human suffering. A. whoever B. however C. whatever D. wherever,9. _ youve tried
28、 it, you cant imagine how pleasant it is.A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When 10. There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, _ she was an only child.A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. even as,Quiz II 翻译句子。等他到了，他会给我们讲讲那场比赛。 _ 2. 当我走在街道上，有个美国人问我往最近的车站怎么走。 _ 3. 我准备晚餐的时候，他在洗澡。_,When
29、he arrives, hell tell us all about the match.,As I was walking down the street, an American asked me for directions to the nearest station.,He took a bath while I was preparing dinner.,4. 那年轻女士一听到声响，就冲进房间。_ 5. 既然许多人一生都会犯一些错误，你最好给他一次机会。_ 6. 他一定是病了，因为他脸色这么苍白。_,The young lady rushed into the room immed
30、iately/the moment she heard the noise.,Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, youd better give him a chance.,He must be ill, for he looks so pale.,7. 考虑到他没有用功，他考得还算不错。_ 8. 我要给他一把钥匙，以便他随时都可以进入屋子。_ 9. 无论我们去与不去，结果总是一样。_,Considering that he did not study hard, he did well on the test.,I will give
31、him a key, so that he can get into the house whenever he likes.,Whether we go or stay, the result is the same.,Preview,To preview Task about designing a Beijing Opera mask: Skills building 1: understanding adjectives describing characteristics or personality Skills building 2: putting words in the correct order Skills building 3: recording information,Homework,Read the points on Page 40 again. 2. Do the exercises on Page118.,
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