1、Unit 1 Advertising,Grammar and usage Direct speech and reported speech & Reported speech: statements, questions and imperative sentences,To learn how to use reported speech in statements, questions and imperative sentences To learn the differences between direct speech and reported speech To learn t
2、he way to change direct speech into reported speech,Objectives,Look at the following sentences: Tom: What are you going to do this summer holiday? Amy: I am going to travel to Beijing with my parents.,Warming up,Now try to answer: What did Amy say? Amy said that she was going to travel to Beijing wi
3、th her parents.,Direct speech and reported speech,What is the difference between direct speech and reported speech? Direct speech is to report what exactly has been said while reported speech or indirect speech is to report what has been said without using exact words.,How can we change direct speec
4、h into reported speech? We can change direct speech into reported speech by using an object clause or an infinitive phrase.,For example: He said, Im used to such embarrassing comments. He said that he was used to such embarrassing comments.,We must not give up in the face of pressure! she said. She
5、encouraged us not to give up in the face of pressure.,Besides the major changes in sentence structure, there are also changes in:Personal pronouns TensesAdverbials of time and placeOther cases,Personal pronouns: She said, I did some research. She said that she had done some research. Ann said, I hav
6、e finished this letter. Ann said that she had finished that letter.,How to change the tenses:,Light travels at a great speed, said Ms Li. Ms Li said that light travels at a great speed.,Tips:,We do not change the tense when we report a proverb or a fact that doesnt change over time.,Adverbials of ti
7、me and place: e.g. Tom said, I am working here today.Tom said he was working there that day.,The following table shows other examples:,that day/yesterday, etc.,the next day/the following day, etc.,the day before/ the previous day, etc.,the month after/the following month,a week before/ a week earlie
8、r, etc.,Other cases: Some more examples of the changes:,that,those,go,Read the advertisement and complete the letter on Page 9. Answers: 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _,was,would be,had read,that,would,had bought,that,would,those,her,Reported speech: statements, questions and impe
9、rative sentences,1. StatementsWe use noun clauses introduced by that to report statements. The word that can be omitted. e.g. She said (that) advertisements were almost everywhere nowadays.,There are more reporting verbs other than say and tell:,advise explain insist promise announce suggest warn,e.
10、g. The write explained that PSAs were often run for free.,We use noun clauses introduced by whether/if to report yes/no questions. e.g. Matt asked Ann, Does Jason deserve this ward?Matt asked Ann whether/if Jason deserved this award.,2. Questions,We use noun clauses introduced by wh-words to report
11、wh-questions. e.g. Where did you find the advertisements for jobs abroad? Bill asked.Bill asked where I had found the advertisements for jobs abroad.,3. Imperative sentences,To report imperative sentences, we can use the structure: reporting verb + object +(not) + to infinitive e.g. The candidate sa
12、id to the manager, Please give me five minutes for preparation.The candidate asked the manager to give him five minutes for preparation.,There are other verbs that can be used in this structure to report imperative sentences:,advise encourage invite recommend warn,e.g. Dont believe every advertiseme
13、nt you read, Michelle said to me.Michelle advised me not to believe every advertisement I read.,总 结,如果直接引语是一个陈述句，变成间接 引语时用that引导，有时也可省略。e.g. She said, Father, the boy is very naughty now.She told her father (that) the boy was very naughty then.,2. 如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。e.g. Light travels much fas
14、ter than sound, she said to me yesterday.She told me the day before that light travels much faster than sound.,3. 如果直接引语中有明确表示过去的时间状语，在变为间接引语时，一般过去时不必变为过去完成时。e.g. He said, The great inventor was born in 1884.He told me that the great inventor was born in 1884.,4. 如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时用whether/if 引导，且
15、用陈述句语序。e.g. She asked me, Are you the happiest person in your family?She asked me whether/if I was the happiest person in my family.,5. 如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用该特殊疑问词，用陈述句语序。e.g. She asked me, When will the advertisements be on air?She asked me when the advertisements would be on air.,6. 转述祈使句时使用该结构:
16、 转述动词(ask/ tell/ order/ advise/ remind/ warn/ insist/ suggest/ invite/ encourage) +宾语+ (not) to doe.g. Go and see a doctor after class, my teacher said to me.My teacher advised me to go and see a doctor after class.,Read Part A on Page 11 and practise reporting questions using whether/if or wh-words
17、. Answers: 2. Wang Qin _. 3. Lu Kai _.,asked how it could help him,remember English words.,asked whether/if it taught,listening and speaking,4. Liu Fang _ _. 5. Gu Jin _.,asked what the designer,would do if she was not satisfied with the software,asked whether/if it was easy,to use,Read the advertis
18、ing tips on Page 11 and report each of them to your boss. Answers: 2. The expert encourages us to_. 3. The expert recommends that _.,use interesting and attractive photos,we (should) use eye-catching logos,4. The expert suggests that _. 5. The expert tells us to _.,we (should),make the slogans short
19、 and easy,make good use,of colours to attract peoples attention,to remember,将下列直接引语变为间接引语。 1. Henry said,“There is an excellent band playing later on.” _ 2. Ann told Rick,“I bought this dress here”. _,Henry said (that) there was an excellent band playing later on.,Ann told Rick (that) she had bought
20、 that dress there.,3. My father said to me,“Dont drink and drive.” _ 4.“Have you got any thoughts about tomorrow?” he asked me. _,My father told me not to drink and drive.,He asked me if / whether I had got any thoughts about the next / following day.,5. “ When is the aircraft supposed to arrive? ”I asked them. _ 6. “Please post the letter for me on your way to school, Linda,”said Carl. _,I asked them when the aircraft was supposed to arrive.,Carl asked Linda to post the letter for him on her way to school.,Finish Part C2 on Page 92 of the Workbook.Preview the Task.,Homework,
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