1、Module 3 The Violence of Nature,单元语法过去完成时的被动语态和间接引语,内容索引,Period Three Grammar & Writing,单元写作Writing a report about a natural event,单元语法 过去完成时的被动语态和间接引语,.用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.By the time the tornado ended，more than 700 people _ (kill). 2.Coghlan travelled back to Canadaafter he (bury) in Texas! 3.She retur
2、ned home and found all her furniture (ruin) by the flood.,语法感知,语法导学,had been killed,had been buried,had been ruined,4.After the earthquake，they discovered that several people _(injure). 5.When she woke up，she found that her house _ (destroy) by the thunderstorm.,had been,had been destroyed,injured,.
3、将下列直接引语变为间接引语 1.“I havent heard from my parents these days，” said Mary. _ 2.The geography teacher said to us，“The moon moves around the earth.” _ 3.Zhang Hong said to me，“Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.” _,Mary said that she hadnt heard from her parents those days.,The geography teacher told us tha
4、t the moon moves around the earth.,Zhang Hong told me that Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.,4.He said，“Are you a student？” _ 5.She said，“I came here to see the doctor the day before yesterday.” _,He asked whether/if I was a student.,She said that she had gone there to see the doctor two days before.
5、,.过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时的被动式表示动作在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成，且谓语动词与主语存在被动关系。句中常用by，before，until，when等词引导时间状语。,语法精析,一、过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种结构： 1.肯定结构：主语had been done其他成分 2.否定结构：主语had not been done其他成分 3.疑问结构：had主语been done其他成分；疑问词had主语been done其他成分,二、过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况： 1.表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。 By the time
6、 he got to school，the first period had been finished. 当他赶到学校的时候，第一节课已经上完了。 The classroom had been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老师到来之前，教室已经被打扫了。 How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended? 飓风结束的时候，有多少座大楼被毁了？,2.在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时的被动语态。
7、 He heard that the tickets had already been sold out. 他听说票已售完。 The media reported that more than 1,000 people had been killed in the hurricane. 媒体报道说有一千多人在飓风中丧生。,3.根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，先发生的被动动作用过去完成时的被动语态。 As the assignment had been done，he went on to search for some information on the Internet. 因为作业已
8、经完成，他上网查阅了一些资料。 He did what he had been told to. 他是按要求做的。,.间接引语 英语中常用两种方式引用别人的话。一种是直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内，叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。 She said，“Im a dentist.” 她说：“我是牙医。”(直接引语) She said that she was a dentist. 她说她是牙医。(间接引语),如果把直接引语变为间接引语，我们要记住“六变”。从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等一般均要作相应的改变。其变动的一般规则如下表所示：,将直接引语变
9、为间接引语时应注意以下事项： (1)在人称变化项目中，如果主句的主语是第一人称，则从句的主语无需变化；如果主句的主语是第三人称，则从句的主语常有上表所示变化。 I say，“You are right.” I say that you are right. (2)时态不变的特殊情况如下： 直接引语是客观真理时。 He said，“The earth goes around the sun.” He said that the earth goes around the sun.,当直接引语中有具体的过去时间作状语时，间接引语仍然用一般过去时。 Mr Wang said，“I was born
10、in China in September，1972.” Mr Wang said that he was born in China in September，1972. 当直接引语是过去完成时态时。 She said，“They had left when I arrived there.” She said that they had left when she arrived there. 当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时、现在完成时或一般将来时时。 She says，“Miss Liu is good at English.” She says that Miss Liu is good
11、 at English.,当直接引语表示的是谚语或名人名言时。 He said，“Where there is a will，there is a way.” He said where there is a will，there is a way. 当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时。 He said，“The plane takes off at 6：30 am.” He said that the plane takes off at 6：30 am.,(3)如在当天转述别人说过的话，时间状语可不变；如果在当地转述，地点状语和动词(come)也不必改变。 He said，“Ill be bac
12、k tonight.” He said that he would be back tonight.,(4)句型变化 直接引语为疑问句时句型的变化： 直接引语为疑问句时，变为间接引语除注意在人称、时态和状态等方面作相应变化外，还应注意： 间接引语应改用陈述语序； 特殊疑问句的疑问词应保留； 一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句在变为间接引语时要用连词whether(或if)。 He asked，“Youve already finished your homework，havent you？” He asked if/whether we had already finished our hom
13、ework.,直接引语为祈使句时的变化： 当直接引语为祈使句时，变间接引语时主句的谓语动词应根据直接引语的口气换用ask，invite，advise，warn，tell，order等词，而原直接引语中的谓语动词则变为不定式。 He said to me，“Dont be late tomorrow.” He told me not to be late the next day. The official said，“Get ready before lunch.” The official ordered us to get ready before lunch.,单句语法填空,高考链接,1
14、.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ (trap) in the mountains for two days.(2018北京) 2.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _ (carry) out in the past two years.(2018江苏) 3.In the 1950s in the USA，most families had just one phone at home，and wireless
15、 phones (not，invent) yet.(2017北京),had been trapped,had,hadnt been invented,been carried,4.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution. (2015四川) 5.It is difficult for us to imagine life was like for slaves in the ancient world.(2014山东) 6.James has just arrived，but I didnt kno
16、w he (come) until yesterday.(2014重庆) 7.Experiments of this kind (conduct) in both the U.S.and Europe well before the Second World War.(2011北京) 8.In the last few years thousands of films (produce) all over the world.(2011天津),why,what,was coming,had been conducted,have been produced,.选词填空,达标检测,1.The t
17、oys were so lovely that they (had been sold/were sold) in no time. 2.How long (had they known/have they known) each other before they got married? 3.At the end of the meeting，it was announced that an agreement _ (had reached/had been reached).,were sold,had they known,had,been reached,4.We (have not
18、 seen/had not seen) each other up to now since I left my hometown. 5.When I got up this morning，I found that the rain _(had stopped/stopped) and the sun was shining.,have not seen,had stopped,.将下列直接引语变为间接引语,6.He asked her，“Where are you going？” _ 7.“A friend in need is a friend indeed，” Mother said
19、to me. _ 8.“You must do it right now，” the boss said to his secretary. _,He asked her where she was going.,Mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.,The boss told his secretary that she/he had to do it right now.,9.“How long have you worked in the company？”he asked me. _ 10.“Will Mr C
20、hen come to give us a lecture next week？” I asked Sara. _ _ 11.The teacher said to us，“We will have an English test next Saturday.” _,He asked me how long I had worked in the company.,I asked Sara whether/if Mr Chen would come to give us a lecture the next week.,The teacher told us that we would hav
21、e an English test the next Saturday.,12.He asked the boy，“Why were you late again？” _ 13.He said to me，“Shut the window，please.” _ 14.The doctor said to me，“Dont drink too much.” _ 15.The old man said，“The boys over there are playing football.” _,He asked the boy why he had been late again.,He asked
22、 me to shut the window.,The doctor told me not to drink too much.,The old man said that the boys over there were playing football.,.语法填空,(2017辽宁辽河油田二中高一期中) A young man wanted to find a job after 16. (finish) school.One day he came to a big company for it.There were six young people that day 17. the
23、company only wanted one.The interview was very easy.It was only a five 18. (minute) short talk.Then the six young people all went home.,finishing,but,minutes,19. the morning of the third day，the young man got a text message.It 20. (say)，“We are sorry to tell you that you cannot work in our company.”
24、 The young man felt very sad，but he answered 21. (polite) “Thank you all the same.” 22. (late) that afternoon，the young man got another text message saying “We are glad 23. (tell) you that you can be one of us！”,On,said,politely,Later,to tell,The young man didnt know why.People in the company told h
25、im，“Thats because of 24. same message in the morning.Only you said Thank you.That was the real test，and only you gave the right answer.” When you feel 25. (disappoint)，do not forget to say “Thank you” to the one who disappoints you.,the,disappointed,单元写作 Writing a report about a natural event,技法点拨,本
26、模块的写作文体是介绍自然灾害的说明文。描述自然灾害首先要说明该灾害的基本情况，然后根据需要选择角度，简明扼要而又突出重点地介绍，力求真实准确，恰如其分。写好自然灾害类文章的关键是实事求是、简明扼要。,写作指导,1.事件名称 disaster；earthquake；flood；volcanic eruption；drought(干旱)；a big fire；tsunami；thunderstorm；typhoon；tornado；hurricane；sandstorm，etc. 2.表示发生 (1)A big fire broke out. (2)An earthquake happened i
27、n/occurred in/hit/struck the district.,常用表达,3.表示起因 (1)The cause of the fire was carelessness. (2)The fire was due to the fact that someone dropped a lighted cigarette. 4.表示财产损失 词汇：cause/suffer great losses；damage；in ruins；missing；burn down；wash away；blow away；cut off 句式：(1)The storm caused great dam
28、age to the crops. (2)After the earthquake，water，gas and electricity were all cut off. (3)The big floods，which occurred in 1998，caused great losses.,5.表示人员伤亡 词汇：get killed；injure；lose ones life 句式：Tens of thousands of people lost their precious lives owing to the strong earthquake in Sichuan Province
29、. 6.表示过程与处理方式 词汇：send sb. to hospital；call in the police；call for a doctor 句式：(1)The fire lasted about two hours and was finally put out in the afternoon. (2)Fortunately，the injured people were sent to hospital without delay.,根据以下提示用英语写一篇100词左右的关于某地地震情况的文章。题目为“A Severe Earthquake”。受灾情况如下： 1.一万多人遇难，两
30、万多人失踪； 2.地震引发海啸(tsunami)与核泄露(a nuclear leakage)； 3.造成很多问题：电力供应短缺，还出现饮用水安全危机等； 4.经济损失：估计超过2 000亿美元。 参考词汇：救援队rescue team；估计estimate,典题示例,写作要求是写一篇关于地震的文章。写作时应注意下面几点： 1.确定文体：这是一篇说明文，写作时，要说明地震发生的时间、地点、危害以及补救措施、经验教训和建议。注意采用客观态度。 2.主体时态：文章应以一般过去时为主。 3.主体人称：人称应以第三人称为主。,审题谋篇,_ _ _ _ _ _,联想词汇,要点词句,1.根据 2.更糟糕的
31、是3.增加某人的恐慌 4.多于；不仅仅 5.导致,according to whats worse或to make things/matters worse或worse still add to ones panic more than lead to/result in,句式升级,1.一场强地震突袭，引发了很高的海啸。A huge earthquake occurred suddenly a high tsunami. (简单句)A huge earthquake occurred suddenly， a high tsunami. (现在分词作状语)A huge earthquake oc
32、curred suddenly， a high tsunami. (非限制性定语从句),and caused,causing,which caused,2.更糟糕的是，出现了核泄露，增加了人们的恐慌。What was worse，there was a nuclear leakage， added to peoples panic.(并列句)Worse still，there was a nuclear leakage， peoples panic.(非限制性定语从句)To make matters worse，there was a nuclear leakage，_ peoples pan
33、ic.(现在分词短语作状语),and it,which added to,adding to,3.随着时间的推移，我们希望状况会好转。，we hoped that the situation would get better. (with复合结构)， the situation would get better. (as引导时间状语从句；it作形式主语),With days passing by,As days passed by it was hoped that,4.据估计，这场灾难造成的经济损失超过2 000亿美元。this disaster has caused a loss of m
34、ore than 200 billion dollars.(it作形式主语)，this disaster has caused a loss of more than 200 billion dollars.(as引导定语从句),It is estimated that,As is estimated,连句成篇,A Severe Earthquake A huge earthquake occurred suddenly，causing a high tsunami，bringing about great damage to people there.According to the rec
35、ent report，more than 10,000 people were killed and over 20,000 were missing.What was worse，there was a nuclear leakage，which added to peoples panic.,The unexpected disaster resulted in plenty of problems，such as the shortage of electricity supply.Moreover，the nuclear leakage polluted the fresh water in some areas，which made the water unfit for people to drink.But as days passed by，it was hoped that the situation would get better. As is estimated，this disaster has caused a loss of more than 200 billion dollars.,
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