1、专题六 非谓语动词,-2-,高考感悟,考点归纳,.单句语法填空 1.(2018全国卷)You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying(die) early by running. 2.(2018全国卷)You dont have to run fast or for long to see(see) the benefit. 3.(2018全国卷)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve(impro
2、ve) water quality. 4.(2018全国卷)Chinas approach to protecting its environment while feeding(feed) its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the banks Juergen Voegele. 5.(2018北京卷)Ordinary soap,used(use) correctly,can deal with bacteria effectively.,-3-,高考
3、感悟,考点归纳,6.(2018江苏卷) Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period,exceeding(exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts. 7.(2018北京卷)Traveling(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. 8.(2018全国卷) He was just saying:“Im king of this forest,a
4、nd here is your reminder!” Once his message was delivered,he allowed me to stay(stay) and watch. 9.(2018浙江卷)I still remember visiting(visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.,10.(2018天津卷)I need a new passport so I will hav
5、e to have my photographs taken(take).,-4-,高考感悟,考点归纳,.单句改错 1.(2018全国卷)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. sellselling 2.(2018全国卷)Everyone was silent,wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. waitwaiting 3.(2018全国卷) Some of us were conf
6、ident and eager take part in the class activity;others were nervous and anxious. 在take前加to 4.(2018全国卷)I was afraid that to speak in front of a large group of people. 去掉that,-5-,高考感悟,考点归纳,5.(2017全国卷)When summer comes,they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! 在pick前加to,-6-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考
7、点一 非谓语动词的形式,-7-,高考感悟,考点归纳,For those with family members far away,the personal computer and the phone are important in staying connected. 对那些同家庭成员相隔甚远的人来说,个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面起着重要的作用。 The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping without being recognized. 这位影星戴着太阳镜。因此,他可以在购物的时候不被别人认出来。 To cat
8、ch the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. 为了赶上早班飞机,我们提前预订了一辆出租车并且早早起床。,-8-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点二 非谓语动词的时态和语态 1.不定式、动词-ing形式的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,就用完成式;否则,用一般式。不定式、动词-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间若是主动关系,就用主动式,否则,用被动式。要注意此处的完成式并不等同于谓语动词的现在完成时,现在完成时强调相对于现在已经完成,非谓语动词的完成式只强调动作的先后关系。 They worked day and
9、night,sending supplies to the flood areas. 他们夜以继日地工作,为洪灾地区发送物资。(虽然send动作已经完成,但相对于work来说却是同时发生的,不是发生在它之前,因此不能用having sent),-9-,高考感悟,考点归纳,Having spent the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than those of her age. 作为交换生在香港待了一年,琳达看上去要比她的同龄人更成熟。(先在香港待过一年,然后才有看起来成熟的状态)
10、 Im sorry to have kept you waiting long. 对不起让您久等了。(先等待,然后说对不起) There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.(问题被解决) 在我们准备好长期待在月球上之前仍有许多问题要去解决。,-10-,高考感悟,考点归纳,2.being done所表示的时间概念并非全是正在进行。 Being exposed to the sun for so long will do harm to our skin. 暴露在
11、阳光下很长时间对我们的皮肤有害。(只强调动作是被动,并不表示动作正在进行) 3.判断语态时学会找非谓语动词的逻辑主语:做定语时,被修饰的词是其逻辑主语;做状语时,句子的主语是其逻辑主语;做补足语时,句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。若是系动词则一定用主动式,非谓语形式后面接宾语也多为主动式。 The teacher came in,following our monitor. 老师进来了,跟在我们班长后面。,-11-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点三 非谓语动词做宾语,-12-,高考感悟,考点归纳,-13-,高考感悟,考点归纳,-14-,高考感悟,考点归纳,After receiving the Osc
12、ar for Best Supporting Actress,Anne Benedict went on to thank all the people who had helped in her career. 获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后,安妮本尼迪克特接下来感谢了所有在事业上帮助过她的人。 注意动词不定式和动词-ing形式做主语或宾语时,可以用it做形式主语或者形式宾语。 Its no use arguing with him. I think it easy to have done so much in only one day. 我认为仅在一天之内就做了这么多很容易。,-15-,高考
13、感悟,考点归纳,考点四 非谓语动词做状语 1.非谓语动词及其短语做状语时,可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随情况等,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是主动关系,用doing表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或进行的动作;having done表示do的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如果非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是被动关系,则用done,若强调这个被动的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,则用having been done。 When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile,she s
14、tood rooted to the ground,wondering whether to stay or leave. 当这名职员看到一张和蔼的、带着歉意的笑纹的脸时,她站在那里不动了,不知道是该留下还是该离开。,-16-,高考感悟,考点归纳,The teachers stood there talking,surrounded by the students.老师们站在那里交谈,被学生围着。(The teachers 和talk之间为主动关系,The teachers和surround之间为被动关系) Having been shown around the lab,the visito
15、rs went to the library.被带领参观实验室后,参观者去了图书馆。(be shown around “被带领参观”的动作完成之后,才发生went这个动作) Clearly and thoughtfully written,the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. 这本书写得清晰有深度,它激发了那些想寻求属于自己的答案的学生们的信心。 (不强调write的动作先完成,只是强调the book和write之间为被动关系,也就是说这里的write只表示被动,不表示完成),
16、-17-,高考感悟,考点归纳,表示时间关系的非谓语动词(短语)可由连词when/while引导。 While working,they listened to the songs.工作的时候,他们听着歌。,-18-,高考感悟,考点归纳,2.做目的状语和结果状语通常用不定式,动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式一般做时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和伴随状语。 不定式放句首做状语,只表示目的;做结果状语时,表示出乎意料的、令人不愉快的结果。而动词-ing形式不能表示目的,做结果状语时表示伴随谓语动词动作的发生而产生的自然结果(同时发生),有时在前面加上thus,谓语动词与动词-ing形式是因果关系。 T
17、o free ourselves from the physical and mental tensions,we each need deep thought and inner quietness. 要想把我们自己从身心紧张的状态下解脱出来,我们每个人都需要沉思以及内心的宁静。,-19-,高考感悟,考点归纳,3.要注意非谓语动词的逻辑主语为句子的主语。因此要注意主语前后一致。 To improve English,his father bought him many books.()(improve的逻辑主语为he,而不是his father) Walking in the street,
18、a car knocked the boy down.()(walk的逻辑主语为the boy,而不是a car) 4.不定式可以跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词后面做原因状语或用于too.to do sth.,so.as to do sth.,enough.to do sth.等结构中做结果状语。 I am happy to meet you here.我很高兴在这里见到你。 The boy is old enough to go to school. 这个男孩已经到了上学的年龄了。,-20-,高考感悟,考点归纳,5.独立成分做状语,其形式不受前后文的影响。如considering.(鉴于
19、/考虑到);generally speaking(一般来说);judging by/from.(从来看,依据来判断);supposing that.(假如);providing that.(假如);owing to.(由于);speaking of.(谈及);given.(考虑到);provided that.(如果);to tell the truth(实话实说);to be honest(老实说)等。 Generally speaking,it is hot in summer in this area. 一般来说,夏天这个地区很热。,-21-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点五 非谓语动词做补足
20、语,-22-,高考感悟,考点归纳,-23-,高考感悟,考点归纳,-24-,高考感悟,考点归纳,注意find,leave(使处于某种状态),keep(使保持某种状态)后一般跟动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式做补足语,而不跟动词不定式。 What you said left me thinking. 你所说的令我思考。,-25-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点六 非谓语动词做定语 1.不定式做定语 不定式做定语可表示该动作尚未发生;被修饰的词为ability,chance,idea,fact,promise,attempt,belief等抽象名词时,一般用不定式做定语;不定式常用于不定代词或被the f
21、irst/next/only/last等修饰的名词后做定语;如果做定语的不定式与被修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。 The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area. 明年要竣工的飞机场将有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。 He has a chance and has become the first to go abroad in our town. 他拥有一个机会而且已经成为我们镇上第一个出国的人。 He wanted to find a house
22、to live in.他想找个房子住。,-26-,高考感悟,考点归纳,2.动词-ing形式做定语 当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为主动关系时用动词-ing形式;当为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时用being done的形式;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为被动关系且动作已经完成时要用having been done的形式,having been done不做定语。动词-ing形式做定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在说话时该动作正在进行,否则就用定语从句。动词-ing形式做定语表示被修饰词的用途时,与被修饰词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。,-27-,高考感悟,考点归纳,Today
23、there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies. 与以前相比,如今天空中有更多的飞机来运送更多的乘客。 The houses being built are for the students. 正在盖的这些房子是给学生的。 A sleeping pill will help you to fall asleep quickly. 安眠药会帮助你很快入睡。 3.动词-ed形式做定语 动词-ed形式做定语与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,表示动作已完成。及物动词的-ed形式做定语表示被动和完成
24、,少数不及物动词的-ed形式做定语只表示完成,不表被动。 The retired worker is sweeping the fallen leaves on the road. 这位退休工人正在扫路上的落叶。,-28-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点七 独立主格结构 独立主格结构是英语中的一个特殊短语结构,它只有逻辑上的主语(名词或代词充当)和谓语(一般用非谓语动词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语来充当),而没有语法意义上的主语和谓语,主要用于书面语中,在口语中不常用,在句子中起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,表示时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随情况等,用于修饰整个句子。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”也
25、是独立主格结构的一种形式。,-29-,高考感悟,考点归纳,Much time spent sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 大部分时间都坐在办公桌前,办公室员工普遍受到健康问题的困扰。 The trees there are extremely tall,some measuring over 90 meters. 那里的树非常高,有些高达90多米。 With nothing to do,they went out for a walk. 由于无事可做,他们出去散步。,-30-
26、,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点八 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义 1.在“be+表示特征、性质的形容词+不定式”结构中,常用的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous,cheap,fit,heavy,happy,glad,sorry,lucky,surprised,angry,able,right,ready,clever,foolish,quick,slow,polite,wrong等。这类形容词往往说明产生这种特性或情绪的原因。要注意不定式中
27、动词要用主动式,且是及物动词或是“不及物动词+介词”的形式。 He is easy to get along with. 他很容易相处。,-31-,高考感悟,考点归纳,2.不定式与疑问词连用时。 I dont know what to do. 我不知做什么。 3.某些动词(如blame/seek/let)的不定式与be动词连用时。 He is to blame for the accident. 他应为此次事故负责任。,-32-,.单句语法填空 1.Dressed(dress) in a white uniform,he looks more like a cook than a doctor
28、. 2.I couldnt do my homework with all that noise going (go) on. 3.Tom sounds very much interested(interest) in the job,but Im not sure whether he can manage it. 4.He hurried to the station only to find(find) that the train had left. 5.The repairs cost a lot,but its money well spent (spend).,-33-,6.F
29、inding(find) the course very difficult,she decided to move to a lower level. 7.Having eaten(eat) at the cafeteria before,Tina didnt want to eat there again. 8.Tony lent me the money,hoping(hope) that Id do as much for him. 9.When asked(ask) for his views about his teaching job,Philip said he found i
30、t interesting and rewarding.,10.Do you wake up every morning feeling(feel) energetic and ready to start a new day?,-34-,.单句改错 1.Modern people know more about health,have better food,and to live in clearer surroundings. 去掉to 2.I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays
31、. havehaving 3.I look forward to hear from you soon. hearhearing,-35-,4.I was often a little tired after a days work and watch TV demands very little effort. watchwatching 5.My parents love me of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. make前加to,-36-,.语法填空 Parents are e
32、xamples of children and children are the apple of parents.In a family that attaches importance to education,parents are their kids guiding stars.Prevention is better than cure.Parents must learn 1.to lead (lead) by example,but leading by example doesnt call for perfection by any means.There is no go
33、od 2.using (use) too many words.The lessons that you teach your children by 3.doing (do) things the right way in their presence are far more long lasting,-37-,It is okay 4.to be(be)wrong as this is how we learn.So parents should encourage children 5.to admit (admit) and correct when they happen to m
34、ake mistakes.Children must learn to behave themselves:they apologize and are grateful for 6.accepting (accept) others help,because there is no such thing as being too polite.You can never say “please”,“thank you” or “excuse me” too often;they refuse to lie but avoid 7.being fooled (fool);they have t
35、o manage 8.to solve (solve) their own problems;if they make a promise,they will insist on not breaking it;they can try using tools and give up 9.risking (risk) leading a dangerous childhood;they enjoy eating healthy food and are expected 10.to keep (keep) fit.,-38-,答案:第一句:seeseeing 第二句:himthem 第三句:thea 第五句:在filled后加with;whichwhom 第六句:disappointingdisappointed 第七句:whilewhen 第八句:walkwalked 第九句:lightlights;去掉were,
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