1、Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note,达标检测,语法导学,内容索引,Period Four GrammarNoun clauses as the object and predicative,语法导学,阅读以下教材原句，感悟体会并判断加颜色部分是什么从句。 1.Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London. 2.I wonder，Mr Adams，if youd mind us asking a few questions. 3.
2、May we ask what youre doing in this country and what your plans are? 4.I didnt know whether I could survive until morning. 5.The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand，which accounts for my appearance. 6.Thats why weve given you the letter.,1.以上6个句子中的加颜色部分都是从句，这些从句在词性上相当于一个 词，
3、故被称作 从句。 2.第 句中的黑体部分属于宾语从句。 3.第 句中的黑体部分属于表语从句。,名词性,名,1,2,3,4,5,6,一、宾语从句 在复合句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。常见的宾语从句有及物动词后的宾语从句、介词后的宾语从句和形容词后的宾语从句三类。 1.宾语从句的连接词 连接代词：who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever等。 连接副词：when，where，how，why等。 从属连词：that，whether，if等。,2.及物动词后的宾语从句 (1)Could you tell me when you saw
4、the film Youth? 你能不能告诉我你什么时候看的电影芳华？ (2)She decided that she was going to be a nurse. 她曾决定将来成为一名护士。,3.介词后的宾语从句 一般情况下介词后常用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句，但but，except，besides等后可接that引导的宾语从句。 (1)We are talking about what well do next. 我们正在讨论下一步做什么。 (2)I know nothing except that he left home early that morning. 我只知道那天早晨他很
5、早就离开了家，其余的我就不清楚了。,4.形容词后的宾语从句 sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，afraid，surprised，satisfied，sorry等表示情感的形容词后可接宾语从句。 Im not sure whether theyll agree to such a plan. 我不确定他们是否同意这样一个计划。,5.学习宾语从句应注意以下几点： (1)宾语从句的时态必须与主句呼应。 如果主句中的谓语动词是现在时态或将来时态，那么从句中的谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的影响，可以根据需要使用任何时态。 Tell me where you went on
6、 holiday. 告诉我你假期去哪里了。(从句是一般过去时),如果主句谓语动词是过去时态，那么从句中的时态一般为表示过去的某种时态(如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时)。 He said that he had been to New York. 他说他曾去过纽约。(从句是过去完成时) 在insist，demand，order，suggest，propose，advise，desire等表示要求、命令、建议、坚持等意义的动词后，that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词要用“should动词原形”，should可以省略，表示虚拟。 He suggested I (should) get
7、up early to take the train to London. 他建议我早起以便赶上去伦敦的火车。,如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实、自然现象、规律或真理时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时。 She said that her brother is five years older than her. 她说她哥哥比她大五岁。 (2)it作形式宾语 it不仅可作形式主语，还可作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在句末。这种用法通常出现在以下两种情况中： 动词find，consider，think，feel，believe，make等后有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置。
8、 I have made it clear that I will not accept this job. 我已表明我不会接受这份工作的。,有些动词(短语)，如enjoy，love，like，hate，appreciate，take，hide，see to，insist on，depend on，rely on等带宾语从句时，习惯上在从句前加形式宾语it。 I hate it when people ask me for money. 我不喜欢别人向我借钱。,(3)宾语从句中的否定转移 当主句谓语动词是think，consider，suppose，believe，expect，guess，i
9、magine等表示“认为，相信，猜测等”的动词，主语是第一人称的一般现在时的句子时，习惯上把从句的否定词放在主句谓语前，但意义上否定的仍然是从句。 I dont think he can finish the work on time. 我认为他无法按时完成工作。,(4)动词后有两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其余的that一般都不能省略。 I believe (that) youve done your best and that things will improve. 我相信你已经尽力了，一切都会好起来的。 (5)主句谓语和宾语从句之间有插入语时，宾语从句
10、前的that不能省略。 He announced，believe it or not，that he would never forgive her. 他宣布，信不信由你，他决不会原谅她。,考点警示 whether和if引导宾语从句的区别：,二、表语从句 在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的连接词主要有：连接代词 who，whom，whose，what，which；连接副词when，where，how，why及从属连词that，whether，as if，because等。 1.that引导的表语从句 that仅起连接作用，无实际意义，在句中不作任
11、何成分，通常不能省略。这种从句往往对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。,其基本结构为“主语系动词that从句”。 The trouble is that we are short of funds. 困难是我们缺乏资金。 2.wh-疑问词引导的表语从句 (1)连接代词what，which，who，whom，whose除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。 Xiao Li is no longer what he used to be. 小李不再是以前的样子了。(what在从句中作表语),(2)连接副词when，where，how，why除在句中起连接作
12、用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式或原因状语，本身具有词义。 That is why he caught a cold yesterday. 那就是他昨天感冒的原因。(原因状语) (3)whether引导的表语从句连接词whether起连接作用，意为“是否”，在句中不作任何成分。 The problem is whether it is true. 问题是这是否是真的。,3.从属连词as if，as though，because，as等引导的表语从句 because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is/was because.”结构中。as if/though引导的表语从句
13、常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be，become等后面，常用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。 (1)It is because he is too careless. 那是因为他太粗心了。 (2)It looks as if it is going to snow. 看起来天要下雪。,4.主语是表示建议、命令、要求、计划(suggestion，advice，order，request，proposal)等的名词时，表语从句应该用虚拟语气，即“should动词原形”，should可以省略。 My suggestion is that we (should) go and help him
14、. 我的建议是我们应该去帮助他。,5.学习表语从句应注意以下几点： (1)当主语是the reason，the result或why引导的主语从句时，常用that引导表语从句，不用because。 The reason why I didnt come is that I was ill yesterday. 我昨天没来是因为我生病了。 Why we decided to put off the football match was that the weather was too bad.我们之所以决定推迟这场足球赛是因为天气太糟糕了。,(2)在引导表语从句时，whether不能用if替换。
15、 His first question was whether Mr Smith had arrived. 他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。,.单句语法填空 1.The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.(2018天津) 2.By boat is the only way to get here，which is we arrived. (2018江苏) 3.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street，not knowing _ s
16、he was heading.(2017北京) 4.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to 20，half of it used to charge.(2017江苏),whoever,how,where,what,答案,5.She asked me I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadnt.(2017天津) 6.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is on
17、e can be entirely free from dust.(2016北京) 7.A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not ships are built for. (2015安徽) 8.We must find out Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him. (2015重庆),whether,that,what,when,答案,9.I truly believe beauty comes from within.(2015北京) 10.If you swim in a river or lake，b
18、e sure to investigate is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. (2015浙江),that,what,答案,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 1.My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. (2016全国，短文改错) 2.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. (2016全国，短文改
19、错) 3.That is which other teachers say.(2013辽宁，短文改错),where,what,what,答案,4.This is how I need to improve in the future. (2013大纲全国，短文改错) 5.But before long they began to see which was happening. (2012新课标全国，短文改错) 6.Here is my idea about how a friend is like.(2010重庆，短文改错),答案,what/where,what,what,达标检测,.选用适
20、当的连接词填空1.The question discussed at the meeting was it was worth trying. 2.We think its necessary to talk with him again. 3.Do you remember he came here? 4.All this was over twenty years ago，but it is it were only yesterday. 5.Im wondering you are always late for class.,whether,that,when/how/why,as i
21、f,why,that，why，whether，what，as if，whatever，because，when，how,6.I am not sure he is willing to help me. 7.My parents are very kind to me and always let me do I think I should do. 8.The trouble is I lost the key to my room. 9.Im a bit sleepy；its I was up all night. 10.You must do is best for you.,wheth
22、er,what,that,because,whatever/what,that，why，whether，what，as if，whatever，because，when，how,.完成句子 1.我一生中最兴奋的时刻是我获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。 The most exciting moment in my life was the Nobel Prize in Physics. 2.李先生已经使它成为一个习惯：他每晚上床睡觉前都读些书。 Mr Lee has made it a rule before he goes to bed every night. 3.他考试不及格的原因是他没把心思用在学
23、习上。 The reason he failed in the exam was his heart into his study.,when I won,that he reads some books,that he hadnt put,4.这位妈妈愿意做她能做的任何事来救她的独生子。 The mother was willing to do to save her single son. 5.在回家的路上李老师问我是否看过那部电影了。 On the way home，Miss Lee asked me the film.,whatever she could,if/whether I h
24、ad seen,.语法填空(用适当的连接词填空) I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing 1. happened in my restaurant today.This afternoon a poorly-dressed gentleman came into my restaurant.Nobody knew 2. he was.We were surprised that he finished two orders of food in a very limited time.We wondered 3. he was so hungr
25、y.We doubted 4. the man was able to pay the bill.The gentleman asked 5. we would mind waiting for just a few minutes.Then we were shocked to see 6. he took out of an envelopea million pound bank note.,that/which,who,why,whether/if,if/whether,that,I asked Mr Clements 7. it was genuine.Mr Clements sai
26、d it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year.He thought 8. the gentleman showed us couldnt be a fake. 9. a gentleman with a million pound note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there.I really couldnt describe 10. excited I was.,whether/if,what,That,how,
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