1、Unit 2 Working the land,达标检测,语法导学,内容索引,Period Four GrammarThe -ing form as the Subject and Object,语法导学,阅读以下教材原句，感悟体会加颜色动名词的用法，并总结规律。 1.Since then，finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. 2.As a young man，he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. 3.Yuan Longping searched for
2、 a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. 4.However，he doesnt care about being famous. 5.He enjoys listening to violin music，playing mah-jong，swimming and reading. 6.Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. 7.Just dreamin
3、g for things，however，costs nothing. 8.Over the past half century，using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming.,1.以上动名词短语，在句中作主语的有 ；作动词宾语的有： ；作介词(短语)宾语的有： 。 2.当动名词作主语时，谓语动词用 数。,1、6、7、8,5,2、3、4,单,一、动名词作主语的用法 1.动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。如： (1)Reading is an art. 读书是一门艺术。 (2)Writing English no
4、vels for him is really great fun. 对他来说写英语小说很有趣。,2.动名词作主语有时也可以用it作形式主语。 用it作形式主语代替v.-ing形式，常出现在It is no use/good/fun/.doing sth. ，It is useful/useless doing sth. ，Its a waste of time doing sth. 等几种句式中。 注意：动名词与不定式作主语时的比较：动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作；不定式则通常表示具体的动作。 (1)Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。(泛指) (2)
5、Be careful！To play with fire will be dangerous. 小心点！玩火会带来危险。(指一具体动作),二、动名词作宾语的用法 1.牢记下列用v.-ing形式作宾语的动词：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，imagine，mind，practise，risk，suggest，mention，miss，finish，keep，stand等。 2.只能接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：cant help，prefer doing.to doing.，end up，feel li
6、ke，be busy(in)，prevent/stop/keep.from.，devote.to，look forward to，pay attention to，be accustomed to，be used to，get down to，stick to，lead to，object to等。,3.在allow，advise，forbid，permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow/advise/forbid/permit名词/代词不定式(宾语补足语)”形式。 4.动词need，require，want意为“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作
7、宾语，意义没有区别。,5.有些动词和动词短语后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语皆可，但含义不同。常见的有：,三、动名词的复合结构 动名词的复合结构有四种形式： (1)形容词性物主代词动名词； (2)名词s动名词； (3)代词宾格动名词； (4)名词动名词。 当动名词用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成，用(1)(2)两种形式。,当动名词用作宾语时，可以用以上四种形式。如： (1)His/Jacks not getting to the station on time made all of us worried. 他/杰克没有准时到车站让我们所有人都很担心。 (2)Do you
8、mind my/me/Jacks/Jack leaving now? 你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？,四、动名词的时态和语态 1.在时态上，动名词有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)两种形式。当动名词表示的动作发生的时间不明确，或与谓语动作同时发生，或发生在谓语动作之后时，用动名词的一般式；当动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前时，常用动名词的完成式。,2.在语态上，动名词有主动式(doing，having done)和被动式(being done，having been done)。如： (1)He insisted on sending her to hospital. 他坚
9、持要把她送到医院去。 (2)He insisted on being sent to work in the countryside. 他坚持被派到乡下工作。,.单句语法填空 1.I quickly lowered myself，ducking(低下) my head to avoid _ (look) directly into his eyes.(2018全国) 2.I still remember (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked
10、 once in all that time.(2018浙江) 3.You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running.(2018全国),looking,visiting,dying,答案,4.This included digging up the road， (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.(2017全国) 5. (ignore) the difference between th
11、e two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015安徽) 6.Keep (hold) your position for a while.(2014辽宁) 7.Its quite hot today.Do you feel like (go) for a swim？ (2014陕西) 8.When it comes to (speak) in public，no one can match him. (2014江西),答案,laying,Ignoring,holding,going,speaking,
12、.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 1.We can choose between staying at home and take a trip. (2016全国，短文改错) 2.I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. (2016全国，短文改错),答案,taking,wearing,3.I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. (2015浙江，短文改错) 4.He isnt good at talk but he gets on well wi
13、th other people. (2013大纲全国，短文改错),答案,sitting,talking,达标检测,.单句语法填空 1.The bird was lucky and it just missed (catch). 2. (make) friends is a necessary part in our life. 3.They are considering (go) to Hainan for the summer holiday. 4.She sometimes cant help (persuade) into buying more clothes than necess
14、ary. 5.Maybe youve forgotten (post) my letter. How could I？I remember (put) it into the letter box.,being caught,Making,going,being persuaded,to post,putting,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 1.He is so stubborn，so its no use talk to him again. 2. Read aloud is a good way to improve your spoken English. 3.The girl d
15、reams of there is a chance to go abroad for education. 4.After a long talk，the boy admitted cheated in the last exam. 5.The girl is so proud that she cant stand looked down upon.,talking,Reading,being,cheating, being,.完成句子 1.很遗憾你母亲病得很重，但你不需要为留下她独自一人而后悔。 I you that your mother is badly ill，but you ne
16、ednt her alone. 2.很多人都建议制定更多规则以保护动物权益。 Many people have suggested to protect animal rights. 3.如果这台电视需要修理的话，请尽快通知我。 If the TV ，please let me know as soon as possible.,regret to tell,regret leaving/regret having left,setting up more rules,needs repairing/needs to be repaired,4.很难想象他会不假思索就接受了这个决定。 It i
17、s difficult to imagine without any consideration. 5.他早上起晚了，导致他上课迟到了。made him late for class. 6.在海边度假很有趣。on the beach. 7.我们正忙着为即将到来的考试做准备。 We are busy . 8.汤姆这么粗心，惹来了不少麻烦。caused so much trouble.,his accepting the decision,His getting up late in the morning,Its fun spending the holiday,(in) preparing f
18、or the coming exam,Toms being so careless,.语法填空 I crossed the street to avoid 1. (meet) him，but he saw me and came 2. (run) towards me.3. was no use pretending that I had not seen him，so I waved to him.I never enjoy 4. (meet) Nigel Dykes.He never has anything to do.No matter how busy you are，he alwa
19、ys insists on 5. (come) with you.I had to think of a way to prevent him from 6. (follow) me around all morning. “Hello，Nigel，” I said.“Fancy 7. (meet) you here！”,meeting,running,It,meeting,coming,following,meeting,“Hi，Elizabeth，” Nigel answered.“I was just wondering how to spend the morninguntil I s
20、aw you.Youre not busy 8._ (do) anything，are you？” “No，not at all，” I answered.“Im going to.” “Would you mind my 9. (come) with you？” he asked，before I finished 10. (speak). “Not at all，” I lied，“but Im going to the dentist.” “Then Ill come with you，” he answered.“Theres always plenty to read in the waiting room！”,doing,coming,speaking,
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