1、Unit 2 Cloning,Language points,1. Think about how they differ.differ vi. different, difference,常见的结构有： differ from . 与不同 differ in 在方面不同 differ with sb. on / about / over sth. 与某人在某事上意见不同,重点词汇,【典型例题】 Thoughts of Oriental (东方人) differ much _ westerners in a number of ways.between B. between those C.
2、from D. from those of 【答案】D 考查differ的用法 【点拨】此处应该用指代的词，结构和thoughts of一样，但用those代替,用适当的介词填空。 (1) Im sorry to differ _ you _ the matter. (2) The customs here differ _ those ofthe south. (3) The two girls differ _ language. (4) There are many differences _ living in the city and living in the countrysid
3、e.,from,on/ over,from,in,between,2. It is a difficult task to undertake.undertake vt.观察示例:The procedure is difficult to undertake, of course. 当然, 这个过程很难实施。The scientist undertakes the experiment. 科学家从事这项实验。,I can undertake the responsibility for the changes. 我愿意承担这些变革的责任。 The lawyer undertook a new
4、case. 那个律师接了一个新的案子。,undertake是及物动词, 主要有两个义项: 着手做, 从事, 进行; 担任, 承担, 答应, 同意。,归纳拓展：,完成下列句子。(1) He will _ _ _ next month (去旅行).(2) He _ _ _ _ (承担一项新任务).,undertook,task,new,a,a,undertake,journey,3. , Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections object v. 不赞成, 反对 n. 物品, 目标,派生词 objection n. 不赞成, 反对 常用搭配 o
5、bject to sth./doing sth. 反对(做)某事,object to sb. 反对某人 object that 反对 have/take/make an objection to (doing) sth. 对表示反对 raise an objection to (doing) sth. 对提出异议,归纳拓展：object作不及物动词时后接介词to或against; 作及物动词时可接that引导的从句。objection是名词, 常与have, take, feel等连用构成词组：have objection to take objection tofeel objection
6、to,句型转换 (1) Have you any objection to my opening the window?= Would you _ _ my opening the window?,object,to,(2) take objection to smoking.= I _ _ smoking. (3) “But he is too young,” she argued.= She _ that he was too young.,object,to,objected,4. Although at present human egg cells and embryos neede
7、d for cloning research are difficult to obtain, obtain vt.观察示例:Meanwhile you will obtain a lot of information. 同时你将获得大量的知识。She obtained her doctors degree in 1996. 她1996年获得博士学位。,The books can be obtained from the library. 这些书可以在图书馆里取得。 His achievement obtained him great fame. 他的成就使得他获得很大的名声。,obtain指
8、通过努力从特定的地方获得非常想要的东西。get指得到, 所取得的东西不一定跟努力、意志有关。gain指通过努力取得对自己有益或有价值的东西。,obtain, get & gain,将下列句子译成汉语。 (1) She has obtained a driving licence. _ (2) He obtained entrance to Beijing University. _,她已经取得了驾驶执照。,他获得了北京大学的入学资格。,5. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human clon
9、ing, forbid vt.,词义 vt. (to command someone not to do something) 禁止, 不准 反议词 allow 允许, 准许,常用搭配 forbid sth./doing sth. 禁止(做)某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 forbid that 禁止 allow sth./doing sth. 允许(做)某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事,词语辩析 forbid, ban, prohibit 这三个词都含“禁止”的意思, 具体区别如 下: (1) forbid是常用词, 指“命令某
10、人不做某事”, 禁止, 不准, 不许。如：The doctor forbids him to smoke. 医生禁止他吸烟。Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall. 演奏厅内不准吸烟。,(2) ban语气较重，指权威机机关“正式禁止”, (法律上)禁止, 含“严厉谴责”之意,只能用事物作其宾语, 如:Ban atomic and nuclear weapons! 禁止原子武器和核武器! (3) prohibit指“通过法律或政府法令”, 如:The soldiers were prohibited from leaving camp after dar
11、k. 天黑后士兵不准离开营房。,注意事项 (1) forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语, 而是跟动名词作宾语, 但是可以跟不定式作宾语补足语(forbid sb. to do sth.), 类似的动词还有: allow, permit, advise等。,(2) forbid后接that引导的从句时, 从句的谓语动词应该用虚拟语气, 即should +动词原形, should可以省略。 原文再现 Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning.,根据汉语提示完成句子。 (1)
12、He _ (禁止员工吸烟) during office hours. (2) Many parents _ _ (禁止他们的孩子独自外出) at night. (3) Marriage _ (被禁止) during college time in the past.,forbids staff to smoke,forbid their children to go out alone,was forbidden,6. but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abund
13、ant medical aid that cloning could provide. accumulate vt. 积累，积聚,e.g. He accumulated fortune by hard work. 他因努力工作而积蓄了一笔财富。The purpose of education is not just accumulating information. 教育的目的不仅仅是积累知识。 vi. 积聚 e.g. Dust accumulated during my absence. 我不在期间灰尘积聚了起来。,归纳拓展：accumulate可作及物动词和不及物动词，表示: 收集, 聚集
14、, 堆积。另外 accumulation n. 积聚如: the accumulation of knowledge 知识的积聚,考例 Clinical evidence began to _, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals. （湖北2011） A. operate B. strengthen C. approve D. accumulate,D,点拨 选D。句意为：越来越多的临床证据
15、表明，这些新药的用途比以往在动物身上做实验所预测到的更广泛。operate操作，运转；strengthen加强；approve批准，赞成。,完成下列句子。 (1) He quickly _ _ _ (积蓄了一大笔财富). (2) Clouds began to _ _ _ _ (在天空中聚集).,large,in,accumulated,fortune,accumulate,sky,the,1. But at last the determination and patience of scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough.pay of
16、f 得到好结果; 取得成功; 付清,重点词组,观察 阅读下列句子，观察pay off在 句中的意思。 1. The house is finished at last. All their hard work has paid off. 2. It took them three years to pay off the debt.,归纳 pay off作不及物短语动词，意为“_”（句1）；作及物短语动词，意为“_”（句2）。,得到好结果，取得成功,偿清,词语联想pay (sb.) back sth. 还(某人)某物pay sb. back for sth. 因而报复/惩罚某人pay for
17、sth. 付的钱；为付出代价pay out 为某事而付出大笔款项pay up 付清,注意事项 pay off 当“(努力、辛苦)得到好结果；(事业、计划)成功”讲时，为不及物动词短语，用主动语态。,用pay 相关短评的适当形式完成句子。 (1) Ill _ (还你钱) next month. (2) You must _ (为付出代价) your rude words. (3) _ (他努力没有白费) when the manager accepted his proposal. (4) She _ 200 yuan _ (付的钱) Toms bike.,for,pay you back,pa
18、y for,His efforts paid off,paid,2. Cloning Scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.研究克隆的科学家发现多莉得的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上，这让他们很沮丧。cast down使沮丧,e.g. Dont be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits.不要这么沮丧, 打起精神来！,归纳拓展：cast down 有两个义项: 毁掉；使沮丧cast away 丢
19、弃 cast off 放弃；丢弃 cast out 赶走,将下列句子译成英语。 (1) 听到这个消息他很沮丧。_ (2) 发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。_,He was cast down to hear the news.,Finding out the truth made him cast down.,2. Is it in favour of cloning or against it? in favour of 赞成；支持 e.g. The score was 80 to 78 in favour of the guest team.比分是80比78，客队获胜。The exchange
20、rate is in our favour today.今天的兑换率对我们有利。,拓展同学们还学过其他表示此类意思的短语，我们来总结一下，这对大家的英语学习会很有帮助哦！ be for 支持 be against 反对 agree with 同意 disagree with 不同意；持不同意见 thumbs up 翘大拇指，赞扬，同意 thumbs down 不赞成，不满,将下列句子翻译成英语。 1. 你赞成她独自一人去那个村庄吗？2. 在昨天的会议上，我们大家一致赞成经 理的建议。,Are you in favour of her going to the village alone?All
21、 of us were in favour of the managers suggestion at yesterdays meeting.,长难句解析,1. Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions.,分析 a. 本句的主干是newspapers wrote of
22、 evil leaders。 b. although引导的让步状语从句中，needed for cloning research是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰human egg cells and embryos。 c. 在主句中，hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions是动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰 _。,evil leaders,2. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other c
23、ountries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide.,分析 a. 本句是一个由but连接的并列句。 b. 第一个分句中有两个并列的谓语动词：began和_。 c. 第二个分句中，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词medical aid。,forbade,3. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and whe
24、re it is leading us. 分析 a. 本句的主句是scientists still wonder。b. whether和where分别引导两个从句， 作wonder的宾语。,仿写 _我们仍怀疑我们的计划能否在明天的会议上通过。,We still wonder whether our plan can be approved at the meeting tomorrow.,I. 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示, 写出各单词的正确形式。 1. There are twenty boys and twenty girls in our class. That is t
25、o say there are forty students a_. 2. By buying two books every month, he soon _ (积累) as many books as a good library.,altogether,accumulated,课堂练习,3. The lawyer u_ the case for free because the old man was poor. 4. What is the _ (准确的) meaning of what you said just now? 5. Could you explain the p_ fo
26、r shutting down the computer? 6. The fans complained about the apparently a_ distribution of tickets for the next game.,undertook,exact,procedure,arbitrary,7. She blushed, c_ her eyes down. 8. The book places a high m_ value on marriage and the family unit. 9. Doctors have made a great _ (突破) in the
27、 kidney transplant. 10. We took a s_ route to the seaside, which saved us a lot of time.,casting,moral,breakthrough,straightforward,II. 用所给词的适当形式填空。,1. I have a strong _ (object) to getting up early every day. 2. What you did wasnt actually illegal, but it was _ (moral) wrong. 3. It is _ (disturb) f
28、or a five-year-old boy to explain a scientific theory.,objection,morally,disturbing,4. Visitors are _ (forbid) to touch the exhibits. 5. I used to like their music but theyve become very _ (commerce). 6. The role of the news _ (medium) in forming public opinion is very important.,forbidden,commercia
29、l,media,III. 根据括号内的提示将下列句子翻译 成英语。,1. 别为了考试中的小小失败而垂头丧气。(cast down)2. 母羊一次生一到两只羊羔。(produce),Dont let yourself be cast down by a small failure in the exam.,A female sheep produces one or two lambs at a time.,3. 大学教授既要教学又要从事研究工作。(undertake)4. 火车开动时, 乘客们禁止把头伸到窗外。(forbid),University professors both teach
30、and undertake research work.,The passengers are forbidden to look out of the window when the train is moving.,5. 她告诉我们她的希望是成为一名钢琴家。(同位语从句)6. 我赞成我们立即停止工作。(in favour of),She told us her hope that she wanted to become a pianist.,Im in favour of stopping work immediately.,7. 她投资精明, 积累了一笔财富。(accumulate)8. 火车愈来愈慢，最后完全停了。(altogether),The train went slower and slower until it stopped altogether.,By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune.,Thank you!,
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