1、Unit 7 The Sea,单元语法Relative clauses() & Comparison of adjectives and adverbs,内容索引,Period Six Grammar & Writing,单元写作A report,单元语法 Relative clauses() & Comparison of adjectives and adverbs,.用适当的关系词填空 1.By around 900 AD，there were many places in Northern Europe _ the Vikings chose to live. 2.In 982 AD，
2、 a man called Eric the Red decided to set sail further west，there were as many as 10,000 Vikings living in Iceland. 3.Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder，for he got into trouble.,语法感知,语法导学,where,when,which,4.Eric reached Greenland and discovered that people cou
3、ld live in the place he landed. 5.Eric set sail once again，this time with 25 ships，of only 14 made it to Greenland.,where,which,.用所给词的正确形式填空,1.Its three times as (big) underwater. 2.See some of the (beautiful) coral and the _ (unusual) fish in the world. 3.Come with us on a “virtual reality” trip to
4、 the ocean floor and see some of the (strange) fish in the world. 4.You certainly wont find a (noisy) fish. 5.When he died in 1435，the stories of his travels made him one of Chinas (famous) sailors.,big,most beautiful,most unusual,strangest,noisier,most famous,定语从句() 一、关系副词引导的定语从句 用来引导定语从句的关系副词一般有三个
5、：where，when和why。 1.where (1)由where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如：place，spot，street，house，room，city等)。where在定语从句中作地点状语。where引导的定语从句还可以放在from后。 This is the place where the traffic accident took place. 这是车祸发生的地方。,语法精析,He helped me to find the building where our head teacher lived. 他帮我找到了我们班主任居住的大楼。 He decided
6、 to go to America，where he had a big company. 他决定到美国去，在那里他有一家大公司。 The little boy hid himself behind the door，from where he could see his mum enter the room. 那个小男孩躲在门后，从那里他可以看见他妈妈进入房间。,(2)一般情况下，where可以替换成“介词which”。 The school where/in which he teaches is not far from his home. 他教书的学校离他家不远。 I went bac
7、k to the bus stop where/at which I had lost my wallet. 我回到了我丢失钱包的那个公共汽车站。,2.when (1)when引导定语从句时，它的先行词是表示时间的名词(如：time，morning，day，month，year等)。when在定语从句中充当时间状语。有时when也可以和部分介词一起引导定语从句。 He was born in the year when the Second World War broke out. 他出生于二战爆发的那一年。 He came at the time when I didnt want to s
8、ee him at all. 他在我根本不想见他的时候来了。 In the old days，when I was young，my hometown was very poor. 过去，在我小的时候，我的家乡很穷。,She went to Japan two years ago，since when I havent heard from her. 她两年前去了日本，从那以后我没有收到过她的来信。 (2)when有时也可以用“介词which”代替。 The day when/on which I joined the Party is hard to forget. 我入党的那一天很难忘怀。
9、 Do you still remember the year when/in which we met at a party for the first time? 你还记得我们第一次在晚会上相遇的那一年吗？,3.why 当先行词是reason时，用why引导定语从句。why在定语从句中作原因状语。 Do you know the reason why he was late? 你知道他迟到的原因吗？ 4.如何确定用关系代词还是关系副词 解决这个问题的关键是看定语从句中缺少什么样的句子成分。如果缺少的是主语、表语或者宾语，就用关系代词；如果不缺少这些句子成分，缺少的是状语，就用关系副词。,二
10、、“介词which/whom”结构 1.“介词which/whom”结构的用法 (1)“介词which”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when，where，why。 She still remembers the day on which(when) she won the prize. 她仍然记得她获奖的那一天。 (2)“介词(短语)which/whom”在定语从句中作目的、方式状语。 There is a big window in my room through which I can see the railway station. 我的房间有一个大窗户，通过它我可
11、以看见火车站。,(3)“不定代词或数词或名词of which/whom”在定语从句中作主语。 I read some books，the cover of which are yellow with years. 我读过一些书，它们的封面因年代久远都变黄了。 (4)“介词which/whom”在含被动结构的定语从句中作状语，表示动作的执行者。 The man by whom the little boy was beaten was arrested this morning. 今天上午打小男孩的那个人被逮捕了。,2.关系代词前介词的选择 可以依据定语从句所修饰的名词或代词来选用介词，也可以依
12、据从句的相关动词来选用。 The train on which Im traveling is for Shanghai. 我乘坐的火车是去上海的。 In the dark street there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的街道上没有一个她可以求助的人。,形容词和副词的比较等级 一、形容词和副词的比较等级的几种常见结构 1.比较级and比较级，表示“越来越”。 The new city is becoming more and more beautiful. 这座新城市变得越来越美丽了。 2.th
13、e比较级.，the比较级.，表示“越，就越”。 The longer you stay，the better (it will be). 你待的时间越长越好。 The more tickets you sell，the more money you will get. 你卖的票越多，挣的钱就越多。,3.“.as原级as.”表示前后两者程度相同，在否定句中常用“.not so/as原级as.”或“.less原级than.”结构。 Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is). 亨利和彼得一样是个好工人。 My handwriting is not as/so b
14、eautiful as yours. (My handwriting is less beautiful than yours.) 我的书法不如你的漂亮。,4.more.than.与其说，不如说，可表示一个人的两种品质的比较。 Ann acts quite unfriendly. I think shes more shy than unfriendly. 安的举止非常不友好。 我认为与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。 5.“否定词比较级”最高级 He has never spent a more worrying day. 他度过了最令人担心的一天。,6.“the最高级(名词)表示范围的短语或从
15、句”表示三者或三者以上中程度最。 Mary is the tallest of the four girls in the family. 玛丽在家中的四个姑娘中是最高的一个。 The vase is the least expensive of them. 这款花瓶是它们中最便宜的。,二、比较等级的修饰语 1.比较级的修饰语常用much，even，still，yet，(by)far，a lot，a great deal，a little，rather，some，any等。 The students study even harder than before. 学生们学习比以前用功多了。 Th
16、ings are far worse than expected. 情况要比预料的糟得多。,2.最高级的修饰语常用序数词，以及(by)far，nearly，almost，the very，not nearly，not quite等。 Id like to buy the second most expensive camera. 我想买其价格仅次于最贵价格的照相机。 The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the river. 目前正在建着的大桥是横跨这条河的最长的桥。,三、倍数比较级的几种常用句式 1times as形容
17、词或副词的原级as. The table is 3 times as big as that one. 这张桌子是那张的三倍大。 2times the表示性质的词(size/height/length/width，etc.)of. The table is 3 times the size of that one. 这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍大。 3times形容词或副词的比较级than. The table is three times bigger than that one. 这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍大。,.用适当的关系词或所给词的适当形式填空,高考链接,1.According to a
18、review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years (long) than non-runners.(2018全国) 2.While running regularly cant make you live forever，the review says it is more effective at lengthening life walking，cycling or swimming. (2018全国) 3.He screams the (loud) of all.(2018全国),longer,than,lo
19、udest,4.There could be an even (high) cost on your health.(2018浙江) 5.Sixteen years (early)，Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.(2017浙江) 6.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of purpo-ses is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017江苏) 7.Pahlsson and her husband now think
20、the ring was spread over the garden， it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it.(2017浙江),higher,earlier,whose,where,8.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s， I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special un
21、it.(2016全国) 9.If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of (great) and less importance. (2016全国) 10.Many young people，most of were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016江苏),when,greater,whom,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误),1.The
22、y also had a small pond which they raised fish. (2018全国，短文改错) 或They also had a small pond which they raised fish., in,where,2.I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the late music albums.(2017全国，短文改错),latest,3.They were also the best and worse years in
23、 my life. (2016全国，短文改错) 4.The dishes I cooked were Moms favoritest.(2016四川，短文改错) 5.My mum makes the better biscuits in the world，so I decided to ask her for help.(2015陕西，短文改错),worst,favorite,best,6.I understood he missed us just as many as we missed him. (2013辽宁，短文改错) 7.I learned early in life that
24、I had to be more patient and little aggressive. (2012新课标全国，短文改错) 8.Third，we should find ways to reuse the water used in washing，especially bath water for which is quite a lot，and that will save much water.(2012大纲全国，短文改错),much,less,9.There，Katia will introduce me to some of her friends，one of who has
25、 been to China several times.(2011重庆，短文改错) 10.The doctor says he is recovering fast than expected and will be out of hospital in a few weeks.(2009陕西，短文改错),whom,faster,.用适当的词或所给词的适当形式填空,达标检测,1.It is reported that two schools，both of are being built in my hometown，will open next year. 2.Those successf
26、ul deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. 3.We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people，most of are healthy. 4.The reason he was late was that he missed the early bus.,which,where,whom,why,5.Because of the financial crisis，days are gone local 5-star
27、hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. 6.100 is the temperature which water will boil. 7.21st Century is than a newspaper.Many students improve their English by reading it. 8.The book on the table is (interest) than that on the desk. 9.Of the two coats，Id choose the (cheap) one to spare some money
28、 for a book. 10.The little town has now grown into a big modern city，and it is twice as big as it used to be.,when,at,more,more interesting,cheaper,what,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误),11.Occasions are quite rare where I have time to spend a day with my kids. 12.Well go to hear the famous singer with whom we have
29、often talked. 13.I still remember the day when we spent together during the holiday.,when,about,that/which,14.The population of China is twice big than that of ten years ago. 15.Mr Smith is great to work forI really couldnt ask for a best boss.,bigger,better,.句型转换,16.The factory and the church are e
30、qually old. The factory is the church. 17.This route is less interesting than the others. This is the . 18.This room is three times as big as ours. This room is three times ours.,as old as,least interesting route,the size of,19.A computer would calculate a more precise figure. A computer would calcu
31、late the figure . 20.The old wallpaper isnt as nice as the new one. The new wallpaper is the old one. 21.How reliable a machine is depends on what it costs. The more a machine costs， it is. 22.No other city in Scotland is as big as Glasgow. Glasgow in Scotland.,more precisely,nicer than,the more rel
32、iable,is the biggest city,23.This year the first snow has come later than last year. Last year the first snow came . 24.Beijing is the place where I was born. Beijing is the place I was born. Beijing is the place I was born in. 25.I live in a room whose window faces south. I live in a room faces sou
33、th. I live in a room faces south.,earlier than this year,in which,that/which,the window of which,of which the window,.短文改错,(2017广东惠阳一中高一期中),I didnt get up early as usually on Sunday.In the morning after I finished my homework，I did some washing.Then I telephoned one of my classmate and invited him t
34、o see a film. And unfortunately，when we got to the cinema at 3:00 p.m.，we found all the tickets have been sold out.Then we went back school and played the football.,usual,classmates,But,had, to,Before this，when we were about to go home，we saw our English teacher，Mr Wang，which told us we had made gre
35、at progress in English this term.He also suggested that we should read more and wrote more.We promised him that we would follow her advice.,After,who,write,his,单元写作 A report,技法点拨,一、概述 本单元的写作要求是写一篇调查报告。调查报告是针对某一现象、某一事件或某一问题进行深入细致的调查，对获得的材料进行认真分析研究，发现本质特征和基本规律之后写成的书面报告。在英语书面表达训练中，我们经常会遇到这一类写作题，要求同学们根据
36、调查结果，对某种现象进行分析并谈谈自己的看法，写一份调查报告。,写作指导,二、具体写作步骤和写作方法 写调查报告要写明调查的原因、过程、结果以及你得出的结论。一般而言，写调查报告时要从以下几个方面进行分析和写作： 首先，根据题目中所给的现象和问题做一些客观的介绍，通常使用的时态是一般现在时。这类题目一般会给出一个图表、列举一些数据或一些事实。我们首先要描述这个图表中的信息。常见的写作方法有： 1.按调查的先后顺序逐点写； 2.按事物发展的阶段来写； 3.将两种事物进行对比，以显示其是非、优劣，找出其差异来写； 4.按调查对象的特点分门别类来写。,其次，分析这些数据或事实反映出的问题。这部分不是
37、调查报告的主体，通常用一两句话阐述就可以。但要做到“一针见血”，即观点提炼准确、鲜明。 最后，通常在文章的最后一段阐述作者个人的看法和建议。,1.No one could have failed to notice the fact that. 2.Such a case is not rare./Such phenomena are quite common./There are similar cases in our life. 3.The reasons for this can be listed as follows.In the first place，due to. 4.Sec
38、ondly，some. 5.Last but not least，as. 6.A number of factors account for the phenomenon. 7.There are several reasons behind this phenomenon.,常用句式,8.We found that.(could be both fact and opinion) 9.In my opinion/As far as Im concerned，we have to be aware of.,假设你是李华，你在9月6日给当地环保局写了一份报告，报告你们家乡的北湖(North La
39、ke)的现状，内容应包括以下要点： 1.北湖曾经是旅游胜地，水清鱼多； 2.现在由于工农业污染和当地渔民的过度捕捞，湖水受到污染，鱼类几近枯竭； 3.你的建议 注意： 1.介绍上述所有内容，并适当发挥； 2.词数100左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：提高的意识raise the awareness of.,典题示例,明确要求 该习作属于调查报告类，应以 人称为主；在叙述北湖污染现状时以 时态为主；在提建议时注意合理且中肯。,审题谋篇,确定段落 本篇习作可以从以下几个方面入手： Para.1：首先描述北湖的污染现状； Para.2：对北湖的污染现状进行总结概括； Para.3：提出合
40、理化建议。,第三,一般现在,_ _ _ _ _,词汇热身,要点词句,1.一处名胜 2.对负责 3.总之 4.据某人的意见，在某人看来 5.谋生,a place of interest be responsible for in conclusion/in one/a word in ones opinion/view make a living,句式升级,1.北湖过去是一处风景名胜，里面的水非常干净，有各种各样的鱼。 (一般表达)North Lake used to be a place of interest.The water in it was very clear.There were
41、 various fish in it. (句式升级)North Lake used to be a place of interest， the water was very clear，and there were various fish in it.(用非限制性定语从句改写),in which,2.水被污染了，大部分污染来自于工农业的废物。 (一般表达)The water has been polluted and most of the pollution comes from industrial and agricultural waste. (句式升级) industrial
42、and agricultural waste，the water has been polluted.(用due to改写句子),Due to the pollution most coming from,连句成篇,North Lake used to be a place of interest，in which the water was very clear，and there were various fish in it.Every year many tourists come to visit North Lake. But now the situation of it is
43、becoming worse.,To：The Bureau of Environmental Protection From：Li Hua Date：6th September Subject：The situation of North Lake,Due to the pollution most coming from industrial and agricultural waste，the water has been polluted.The fish in it are becoming fewer and fewer because of the chemical waste a
44、nd over-fishing by the fishermen.Its difficult to find out whos responsible for the situation. In conclusion，a certain department needs to do something to handle the problem，or the fish in it will altogether disappear. In my opinion，first，it should prevent the pollution.Second，it should educate the fishermen to raise the awareness of environmental protection.Finally it should help the fishermen to find other ways to make a living.,
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