1、Unit 21 Human Biology,How to Add 5 Years to Your Life Half an hour of exercise a day can add an extra five years to your life，a groundbreaking(开创性的) research has revealed.Health experts said that walking or cycling gently has big long-term benefits.According to the World Health Organization，research
2、 carried out in Britain and Denmark shows that gentle workouts(锻炼) and even housework every day can boost life spans by as much as five years.,话题导入,The news will provide encouragement for those couch potatoes to start taking exercise.Britain is in the grip of an obesity epidemic(肥胖症)，with just 35% o
3、f men and 24% of women taking regular exercise. “Encouraging people to be physically active every day has so many health benefits，” said Dr Marc Danzon，WHO regional director for Europe.“These include reducing the risk of developing certain diseases and of becoming obese，as well as contributing to ph
4、ysical coordination(协调)，balance，strength and mental well-being.It is a very cost-effective public health tool.” The organization is so concerned that the public is not getting the message on exercise that it will launch a “Move for Health” campaign to boost public awareness.,“The WHO encourages adul
5、ts to take at least 30 minutes of moderate physical exercise a day，defined as any body movement that results in energy expenditure(消耗)，” said Dr Danzon.“This includes walking，cycling，playing，housework，climbing stairs as well as sports.” He added that children should take at least 60 minutes of exerc
6、ise every day.,根据上文判断正(T)误(F) 1.Children should take more physical exercise than adults every day.( ) 2.The WHO has tried to improve peoples knowledge of exercise by launching a campaign.( ) 3.People with an obesity epidemic in Britain seldom take regular exercise.( ) 4.Physical exercise brings the
7、best possible profit to public health at the lowest cost.( ),T,T,F,T,基础自测,内容索引,要点探究,达标检测,课文预读,Period One Warm-up & Lesson 1 Super Athletes,基础自测,.重点单词 1. n.间隔；间歇 2. vi.循环 3. vi.用泵抽出(注入) 4. vt.消化；领悟；理解；n.摘要；概要；文摘；汇编 5. vi.交换 6. vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂n.滥用；虐待；谩骂；恶习,interval,circulate,pump,digest,swap,abuse,7. vt.容
8、忍；忍耐；容许 8. adj.根本的；基础的 9. adj.怀疑的，不肯定的v.& n.怀疑 10. vt.(sought，sought)寻找，搜寻；寻求，探求；试图，设法 11. adj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的 12. adj.强制性的，义务的 13. adj.有争议的,tolerate,fundamental,doubtful doubt,seek,annual,compulsory,controversial,14. vt.反对 15. vt.与(其他事物)相矛盾；反驳 16. vt.违反，违背,oppose,contradict,violate,.重点短语 1. 与某人交换 2.
9、沉默地，无声地 3. 上气不接下气 4. 参加 5. 使慢下来 6. 偶遇 7. 徒然，白费力气,swap with sb.,in silence,out of breath,take part in,slow down,come across,in vain,8. 随便地，随意地 9. 总是，一直 10. 不管多大代价，无论如何,at random,all the time,at all costs,.重点句式 1.make宾语宾补 These drugs are originally developed to help people with illnesses，but in the wr
10、ong hands，they create supreme athletes making them (fast) and (strong) than is normal for human beings. 开发这些药物原本是用来帮助病人的，但一旦用于歧途，它们会创造出比常人更快、更强的超级运动员。,faster,stronger,2.动名词作主语 Taking these drugs (be) known as “doping”. 服用这些药物的行为被称为“服用兴奋剂” 3.虚拟条件句 If American athlete Marion Jones hadnt taken drugs，wo
11、uld she _(make) it to the Olympics at all? 如果美国运动员马里昂琼斯没有服用药物的话，她能成功参加奥运会吗？,is,have,made,4.catch sb. doing sth. Unfortunately，it is not easy to catch athletes (use) illegal drugs.不幸的是，要当场查出运动员使用了违禁药物并不容易。 5.have sth. done In the future，athletes who have their genes (change) might be able to do the 1
12、00 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours. 将来，改变了基因的运动员有可能创下仅在8秒内跑完100米或在不到两小时的时间跑完马拉松的记录。,using,changed,课文预读,.根据课文内容判断正(T)误(F) 1.According to the whole text: better equipment，training and diet are the reasons given for improved performance.( ) 2.Ben Johnson was still t
13、he 100 meters world record holder even if he had taken drugs in the 1988 Olympics.( ) 3.Doping can help athletes enhance their performance，however，the drugs also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.( ) 4.Doping is only a problem in athletics.( ) 5.The Olympic spirit
14、of competition emphasizes winning rather than taking part.( ),F,F,T,F,F,.课文阅读理解 1.Some sports predictions were always . A.right B.wrong C.simple D.mature,答案,1,2,3,4,5,2.Whats the drugs legal effect? A.To make the athletes run faster. B.To make the audience cheer more excitedly. C.To cure the patient
15、s. D.To make money for the chemists.,答案,1,2,3,4,5,3.Ben Johnson . A.used to be the 100 metres world record holder B.was taken as a drug taker C.will be the 100 metres world record holder D.will be taken as a drug taker,答案,1,2,3,4,5,4.Which is RIGHT according to the passage? A.Some athletes want to a
16、chieve the championship with the help of doping. B.It is easy to clarify whether an athlete has taken drugs. C.Doping is the only problem in track and field. D.Gene-therapy will benefit the athletes.,答案,1,2,3,4,5,5.In the future， . A.athletes must have their genes changed B.athletes will finish 100
17、metres in only 8 seconds C.athletes will finish the marathon in less than two hours D.the Olympic spirit will go on,答案,1,2,3,4,5,.课文难句分析 Taking these drugs is known as “doping” and although they enhance performance，they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them. 句式分析
18、Taking these drugs在句中作 ；is known as表示“_”；并列连词and后的句子中含有although引导的 从句和who引导的 从句。 自主翻译 _ _,主语,为,被称,服用这些药物的行为被称为“服用兴奋剂”。对滥用兴奋剂的运动员来说，尽管兴奋剂能提高他们的成绩，但也会给他们日后的生活带来严重的健康问题。,让步状语,定语,要点探究,It digests your food and sends vitamins and minerals into the blood. 它消化你的食物并把维生素和矿物质输送到血液中。,重点词汇,(1)I did a little exer
19、cise to help my (digest). 我做了一点运动来帮助消化。 一词多义 写出下列句子中digest的汉语意思 (2)It took me some time to digest what I had heard. _ (3)We may not be able to digest foods as easily as we once could. _ (4)The digest will be available for sale online or in stores. _,digestion,理解,消化,文摘,Write down five telephone numbe
20、rs and swap with your partner. 写下五个电话号码，与你的同伴交换。,swap vi.交换 swap sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物 swap sth. for sth. 用某物交换某物,(1)I usually swap views with my friends online. 我通常和我的朋友在网上交流意见。 (2)I swapped three of my foreign stamps three of hers. 我用三张外国邮票换了三张她的(邮票)。,for,Taking these drugs is known as “doping” an
21、d although they enhance performance，they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them. 服用这些药物的行为被称为“服用兴奋剂”。对滥用兴奋剂的运动员来说，尽管兴奋剂能提高他们的成绩，但也会给他们日后的生活带来严重的健康问题。,abuse vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂；n.滥用；虐待；谩骂；恶习 abuse ones power滥用职权 abuse ones trust/confidence背信弃义 alcohol abuse酗酒 drug abuse滥用毒品
22、,(1)Abusing children is forbidden by law.法律禁止虐待儿童。 (2)Some officials were punished by law because they abused their power. 有些官员受到法律的惩罚，因为他们滥用职权。 (3)Cindy has a difficult life and (abuse) by her stepmother from time to time. 辛迪生活艰难，不时地遭到继母的虐待。,is abused,The sports world does not tolerate doping as it
23、 is a fundamental form of cheating. 体育界不会容忍运动员服用兴奋剂，因为它是一种本质的欺骗形式。,(1)tolerate vt.容忍；忍耐；容许 tolerate (doing) sth. 容忍(做)某事 (2)tolerance n.宽容；容忍；忍受；耐力 (3)tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的；忍受的 be tolerant of sb. /sth. 容忍/宽容某人/某事,(1)I could not tolerate their making up any excuses for what they did. 我不能容忍他们为所做的事情编造任何
24、的借口。 (2)Some plants are (tolerate) of extreme heat. 有些植物能耐酷热。 (3)She had no (tolerate) for her deskmates shortcomings. 她不能容忍同桌的缺点。 单句改错 (4)Luckily my parents were tolerant with my choice of books.,tolerant,tolerance,of,Doping is not only a problem in athletics，it is part of every sport where athlete
25、s seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so. 服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动中的问题，每个运动项目都存在这个问题。运动员想取得超越他们极限的体育成绩而准备用欺骗来达到目的。,seek vt.寻找，搜寻；寻求，探求；试图，设法 seek to do sth. 试图/设法做某事 seek after/for寻求；追求 seek through找遍 seek out搜寻出；挑选出；找到 注意：seek的过去式和过去分词均为sought。,(1)On the Internet，people
26、 can seek information about their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well.在互联网上人们可以搜寻关于他们最喜爱的明星的信息，也可以买打折的票。(2017江苏) (2)I seek (set) an example for my colleagues. 我试图为我的同事做个榜样。 (3)He sought a shady spot where he might sit down and rest. 他找到了一个可以坐下来休息的阴凉地方。 单句改错 (4)They are urgently seek
27、ing out the posts where they are well paid.,to set,out,after/for,Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all in vain. 弗洛伊德兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩解，责怪他因伤服用的药物，但是这些都是徒劳的。,(1)in vain徒劳，白费力气 vain adj.徒劳的；自负的，爱慕虚荣的 be vain about/of对虚荣的/自负的/自以为了不起的 vai
28、n promises空头的许诺 (2)vainly adv.徒劳地；不成功地；白费力地,(1)Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain. 金钱用于脑，永远不徒劳。 (2)He made a lot of vain promises but never carried them out. 他做出了很多虚假的承诺，但从未兑现过。 (3)She was vain her good looks. 她对她的美貌很自负。 句型转换 (4)The police tried in vain to break up the protesters. The p
29、olice tried to break up the protesters.,of/about,vainly,It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random. 获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地被检查。,(1)at random随便地；随意地 random adj.随便的；随机的；胡乱的 (2)randomly adv.随便地；随机地；无目的地，胡乱地 反义词组：on purpose/by design有意地，故意地,(1)Why do you
30、care about his random remarks? 他只是随便一说，何必介意？ (2)Dont throw waste paper random or it will make the classroom dirty Im sorry，I didnt do it purpose. 不要随便扔废纸，否则会把教室搞得很脏。 对不起，我不是故意的。 (3)The following two examples are created (random). 以下两个例子是随意举出来的。,at,on,randomly,单句改错 (4)They conduct randomly surveys co
31、nstantly.,random,Gene-therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it. 基因治疗是很有争议的，许多人反对对其进行进一步研究。,(1)oppose vt.反对 oppose (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事 (2)opposed adj.反对的；对立的 be opposed to (doing) sth. object to (doing) sth. be against (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事 (3)opposite adj.对面的；相反的
32、；n.对立面；反面；prep.在对面,(1)His parents are opposed to the marriage. 他的父母反对这桩婚事。 (2)I am opposed to (go) shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded. 我反对星期天逛街，因为太拥挤了。 (3)The people sitting (oppose) us looked very familiar. 坐在我们对面的那些人看上去很面熟。,opposite,going,句型转换 (4)However，some students oppose the idea that E
33、nglish classes are taught only in English. However，some students the idea that English classes are taught only in English. However，some students the idea that English classes are taught only in English. However，some students the idea that English classes are taught only in English.,are opposed to,ob
34、ject to,are against,However，if a generation of sports stars with enhanced genes were created，it would contradict the whole spirit of sport. 然而，如果造出一代有强化基因的运动明星，这将有悖于整个运动精神。,(1)contradict vt.与(其他事物)相矛盾；反驳 contradict oneself自相矛盾 (2)contradictory adj.矛盾的；完全相反的 be contradictory to sth. 与相矛盾 (3)contradic
35、tion n.反驳；矛盾 in contradiction to/with与相矛盾；与相违背,(1)What you did contradicted what you said. 你的行为与你的言语相矛盾。 (2)Within five minutes he had contradicted (him) twice. 五分钟内他就两次自相矛盾。 (3)We are faced with two apparently _(contradict) statements. 我们面前这两种说法显然是矛盾的。 (4)His private actions are in direct contradic
36、tion his publicly expressed opinions. 他私下的行为跟公开的言论完全是两码事。,contradictory,himself,to/with,The Olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs. 人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。,at all costs不管多大代价，不惜一切代价，无论
37、如何 at any cost不惜一切代价 at the cost of以为代价 at a cost of以的价格，花费 at cost照原价，按成本,(1)I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books. 我决定不惜一切代价也要消除孩子们对书的恐惧感和厌恶感。(2015浙江) (2)We are determined to obtain our rights at any cost. 我们决定要不惜一切代价获取我们的权利。 (3)We must cherish experience acq
38、uired at cost of our own blood. 我们必须珍惜用我们自己的心血换来的经验。 (4)The new buildings going up at cost of 82 million. 建造这座新大楼要花费8 200万美元。,a,the,一句多译 (5)他花80元钱买了这件毛衣。 .(cost v.) .(cost n.) 单句改错 (6)The doctor decided to try at all to save the girls life.或The doctor decided to try at cost to save the girls life.,H
39、e bought the sweater at a cost of 80 yuan,The sweater cost him 80 yuan,any,costs,These drugs are originally developed to help people with illnesses，but in the wrong hands，they create supreme athletes making them faster and stronger than is normal for human beings. 开发这些药物原本是用来帮助病人的，但一旦用于歧途，它们会创造出比常人更
40、快、更强的超级运动员。,经典句式,本句中含有“make宾语宾补”结构，其用法如下：注意：如果作宾语补足语的名词表示职务或职称，则该名词前面不加定冠词the。,(1)Her mother told her that if she did something to change the problem that made her sad，she wouldn t feel as bad. 她的妈妈告诉她，如果她能做点儿什么来改变这个使她伤心的问题，那么她就不会感觉这么糟糕了。(2017北京) (2)We made him chairman of our English Club. 我们选他当英语俱
41、乐部的主席。 (3)Will you make yourself (know) to us in English？ 请用英语给我们作自我介绍，好吗？,known,单句改错 (4)The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.(2015浙江),feel,In the future，athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the mar
42、athon in less than two hours. 将来，改变了基因的运动员有可能创下仅在8秒的时间跑完100米或在不到两小时的时间跑完马拉松的记录。,本句使用了“have sth. done”结构，表示“使某事被做，请/让/叫别人做某事”。其中过去分词done在句中作宾语补足语，表示被动意义。,易混辨析 have sth. done，have sb. /sth. doing，have sb. /sth. do,(1)Tom had his leg broken while playing football yesterday. 昨天汤姆踢足球时摔断了腿。 (2)My teacher
43、had me write a short passage yesterday. 昨天老师让我写了一篇短文。 (3)I had my bike (repair) yesterday.我昨天让人修了自行车。 (4)Its cold.We should have the fire (burn) all the time. 天气冷，我们应该让火一直燃烧着。 单句改错 (5)Youd better have that bad tooth pull out.,repaired,burning,pulled,达标检测,.单句语法填空 1.The house (seek) through but nothin
44、g suspicious was found. 2.The mother had the baby (cry) all the morning. 3.I swapped my red scarf her blue one. 4.The librarian took a book random from the shelf. 5.The thief broke in，trying to open the safe，but vain. 6.The citizens opposed (build) such a factory in this area. 7.Ive just come a beau
45、tiful poem in this book.,was sought,crying,for,at,in,building,across,8.Good health is (fundament) if you want to have a long life. 9.You neednt worryhe will make . 10.Perhaps you should be more tolerant your little sister.,fundamental,it,of,.完成句子 11.You dont (让他一直站在那儿) all the time. 12.The boy (被当场抓住抽烟) in the bedroom yesterday. 13.He couldnt (使别人听见他的话) because of the noise of the traffic. 14. (点头) is to say “Yes”. 15.If you had worked hard，you (就能通过) the final test.,
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