1、Period Four GrammarThe Past Participle (3) as the Adverbial感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.2Described as an enormous round plate，it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earths gravity.It was described as an enormous round plate and it spins slowly in space to i
2、mitate the pull of the earths gravity.3Worried about the journey，I was unsettled for the first few days.4Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.As I was exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.1作状语用的过去分词(短语 )和句子的主语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，或称为 被动关系，如例句 1 和例句 2。但有的与逻辑主语之间不表示被动关系，如：例句 3 和例句 4，而是表示逻辑主
3、语的状态。2过去分词(短语)在句子中可以作原因状语，如例句 1,3,4；作伴随情况或方式状语如例句2 等。3由例句 2 和例句 4 可知，作状语用的过去分词(短语) 可以转化成相应的 并列句或状语从句。一、过去分词作状语的类型过去分词(短语)作状语，表示被动的或完成的动作，这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。Written in a hurry，this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。本句中的 Written in a hurry 即为过去分词短语作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写完。过去分词通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、
4、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。1过去分词作时间状语，在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。Asked about his address(When he was asked about his address)，the boy didn t respond.问及他的地址时，小男孩没有作答。2过去分词作原因状语，在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。Encouraged by the progress he has made(As he is encouraged by the progress he has made)，he works harder.由于受到所取得的进步的鼓励，他工作更努力了。3
5、过去分词作条件状语，在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。Given more time(If they were given more time)，the trees could grow taller.如果再多给一点时间，这些树会长得更高。Heated to a high temperature(If it is heated to a high temperature)，water will change into vapor.如果加热到高温，水就能变成蒸气。4过去分词作让步状语，在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。Though warned of the storm(Though they had
6、been warned of the storm)，the farmers were still working in the fields.尽管被警告过有暴风雨，农民们仍然在田地里劳作。5过去分词作方式、伴随状语，在句中相当于一个并列句。Followed by a group of students，the teacher entered the classroom.The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students.老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。注意：过去分词(短语)作状语时，前面有时可
7、以加上 when，if，while，though，even if，until，unless 等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句 (省略部分多为“主语be 的多种形式”) 。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或为 it。Even if invited(Even if Im invited)，I wont take part in the party.即使受到邀请，我也不会参加这个聚会的。拓展 有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost 迷路，沉溺于； seated 坐；dressed in 穿着；tired of 厌烦；fa
8、ced with 面临；accustomed to 习惯于等。Lost in deep thought，he didnt hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。Dressed in a new dress，she looks very beautiful.穿着一件新衣服，她看上去很漂亮。二、过去分词作状语时的位置过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。Told that his mother was ill，Li Lei hurri
9、ed home quickly.(原因状语)得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。The old man walked into the room，supported by his son .(方式状语 )老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。三、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。助记 分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用ing，被动用ed。Used for a long time，the book looks old.(动宾关系)由于
10、用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。Using the book，I find it very useful.(主谓关系)在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。注意:无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。If caught，the police will punish the thief.()If caught，the thief will be punished by the police.()If the thief is caught，the police will punish him/her.()单句语法填空1Or
11、dinary soap，used(use) correctly ，can deal with bacteria effectively.(2018北京)2Ordered(order) over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.(2016北京)3If accepted(accept) for the job，youll be informed soon.(2015北京)4Raised(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to b
12、ecoming a football star.(2015重庆)5Absorbed(absorb) in painting ，John didn t notice evening approaching.(2015天津)6Founded(found) in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.(2013安徽).单句语法填空1Compared(compare)with the western medicines high fees，TCM has a reasonable price
13、 that ordinary people can afford.(2018江西宜春中学诊断)2Designed(design) very cleverly to fit into corners，the shelf doesnt take up much room.3The new technology，if applied(apply) to rice growing，will help increase the grain output.4When first introduced(introduce) to the market，these new products in their
14、company enjoyed a great success.5Disappointed(disappoint) at failing in the math exam，John wouldnt like to talk about it to his parents.单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )6. many times，the problems were settled at last.DiscussingDiscussed7If properly，anyone can learn how to operate the machine.teachingtaught8. by th
15、e opposite team，we didnt lose heart.BeatingBeaten9The child behaves very well，well up by his parents.bringingbrought10The teacher stood there， by a group of students.surroundingsurrounded.完成句子11Blamed by the teacher，the boy was in low spirits.受到老师的责备，这个男孩非常难过。12Injured in the accident ，the player ha
16、d to drop out of the match.由于在事故中受伤了，这个运动员只好退出了比赛。13We went to the cinema， filled with excitement.我们满怀兴奋地去了电影院。14The boy was sitting on the playground，lost in thought.这个男孩坐在操场上，陷入了沉思。15Given a few more minutes，Ill finish the whole work.如果再多给我几分钟，我会做完全部工作的。基础巩固.单句语法填空1Trapped(trap) by strong winds an
17、d deep snow ，Andy did nothing but wait.2If given(give) more care and attention，the boy would not have gone that far on the wrong path，Im sure.3Finding(find) the course very difficult，she decided to move to a lower level.4Time，used(use) correctly，is money in the bank.5Settled (settle) in a friendly w
18、ay，their fierce quarrel finally came to an end.6 “Cant you read？It s a nonsmoking section.” I said angrily pointing(point) to the notice.7Compared(compare) with the size of the whole earth，the highest mountain does not seem high at all.8Being(be) poor at English，I m afraid I cant make myself underst
19、ood.9Reminded(remind) not to drive after drinking ，some drivers are still trying their luck.10Lost(lose) in thought，he almost ran into the car in front of him.单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )11When for his views about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very interesting askingaskedand rewarding.12. badly in
20、the earthquake，the girl was sent to hospital immediately.HurtsHurt13. better attention，the flower could have grown better.GivingGiven14He stood there silently，and 或 moved to tears. was15She sent me an email， to get further information.hopedhoping.句型转换16As I was moved by their speech，I was at a loss
21、what to say.Moved by their speech，I was at a loss what to say.17Although it was built before the war，the engine is still in perfect order.Built before the war，the engine is still in perfect order.18When they were asked who had broken the window，the children all kept silent.Asked who had broken the w
22、indow，the children all kept silent.19She was seated at the back of the classroom and didnt talk to anyone.Seated at the back of the classroom，she didn t talk to anyone.20The doctor came in，and he was followed by his assistant.The doctor came in，followed by his assistant.能力提升.阅读理解After I made it to t
23、he city center，I started to feel it might be easy for a foreigner to deal with the great size of Beijing.With growing confidence，I decided to take the subway to the hotel，not realizing that the network didnt go that far.Impressed with the cleanliness of the station，I bought a ticket and boarded the
24、first train that came along.After a few minutes I asked in English of course a young man seated next to me where I should get off closest to the Friendship Hotel.Wearing a smart business suit and tie，he would surely speak English，wouldnt he? Unfortunately，he couldnt understand me but seemed very fri
25、endly.I showed him the room card with all the information of the Friendship Hotel in Chinese characters.He looked at it，and then his eyes moved quickly to the carriage subway map.Next，he raised three fingers of his right hand.In Australia，raising fingers at someone is not usually nice，but this man w
26、asnt smiling.At the next station he showed me two fingers.Now in Australia，thats really rude，but I got the message.When we stopped at the third station，he didnt just point to the door，but got up，took me out of the train，and led me to the top of the stairs，and out onto the street.Then he stopped a ta
27、xi and told the driver where to take me.All this came from a man who couldnt speak my language，and I couldnt speak his.I was now speechless，especially when he refused my offer of money.I felt a little embarrassed having even thought he would accept a tip.This experience made it clear that I had to l
28、earn some Chinese quickly or my adventures might start turning into bad luck.语 篇 解 读 作 者 讲 述 了 自 己 在 北 京 的 一 次 冒 险 经 历 。21The author decided to take the subway because .Ahe lived near the city centerBthe network covered most of the stopsChe believed in his ability to deal with the tripDhe had a good
29、 impression of its cleanliness答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句可知，作者相信自己能处理好这次旅程。故选C。22Having been shown the room card，the young man .Aunderstood the author wellBstill remained puzzledCanswered the author directlyDpointed at the subway map答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，年轻人看到房卡后就看车厢的地图，然后伸出三根手指头。说明年轻人已经知道作者的意思。故选 A。
30、23Which of the following can NOT be used to describe the young man?AHelpful. BRude.CWarmhearted. DCaring.答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，年轻人虽然不会说英语却亲自送作者出站，为他叫了出租车，并告诉出租车司机作者要去的地方，由此可判断选项 A、C、D 都是正确的。故选 B。24The authors purpose of writing this passage is mainly to .Aprove the importance of being carefulBapprec
31、iate the kindness of the young manCcomplain some cultural misunderstandingDdescribe one of his adventurous experiences答案 D解析 写作目的题。通过对整篇文章的理解可知，作者讲述了自己在北京的一次冒险经历。故选 D。.完形填空Im not saying that all hunting is wrong because in some countries people live in poverty(贫困)，and they have to hunt to survive.Ye
32、t in 25 countries，people can go to a store to buy their 26 ，and they still hunt just for fun.One day my dad came back home in his truck and there was a cage in the back. 27 I was curious，so I went towards the truck when I 28 that there was a small little goat that wasnt even an 29 yet.I asked my dad
33、 and he said that he bought the lovely but 30 goat from his friend and decided to kill it twenty minutes after he 31 it home so that we would have a big 32 .My sister was there too and she was 33 for my view.We found out we got really 34 at our dad and told him not to kill it.After a good 10 minutes
34、 of complaining we finally 35 my dad not to kill it.We told him that there was no 36 for him to kill the goat himself when he could just buy goat 37 at a store.My parents knew some friends that we 38 sometimes and their family really 39 animals so we decided to give it to them.For about a month，they
35、 had the goat as a 40 .Sadly，they also had the same problems we had because the dad wanted to kill it 41 the rest of the family didnt want it to lose its 42 .They also were able to persuade him not to do so.They 43 sending the goat to a family members farm where it would grow up 44 .语篇解读 作者认为，除了以捕猎为
36、生的国家之外，富裕一些的国家的人们最好不要捕猎。在经历了一件关于如何处理一只小羊的事件之后，作者深有体会。25A.poorer BsmallerCbigger Dricher答案 D解析 根据上文中的“in some countries people live in poverty”和连词 Yet 可推知，上文说的情况多数发生在相对落后的国家，而此处指的是在富裕一些的(richer)国家，人们可以到商店里去买(而没有必要猎取食物 )。26A.toys BmedicineCfood Dclothes答案 C解析 根据上一句中的“hunt to survive”和下文中的 for fun 可推知，
37、在作者看来，相对富裕的国家里的人们可以到商店购买“食物” 。27A.Naturally BExactlyCStrangely DGenerally答案 A解析 作者看到车上有笼子，自然(naturally)很好奇，想去看看笼子里有什么。28A.checked BnoticedCdecided Dassumed答案 B解析 作者走近之后“注意到”笼子里面有一只小羊。29A.actor BadultCartist Dathlete答案 B解析 联系空前的 even 可推知，此处的意思有递进的意味。这只羊实在是太幼小了，甚至都没有成年，故选 adult。30A.curious BsharpCfirm
38、 Dsad答案 D解析 结合空前的 lovely but 可推知，本空所填词的意思与 lovely 的意思形成转折。再结合这只羊面临着被杀掉的危险可推知，这只羊很可能又很悲伤(sad)。31A.brought BtookCleft Dadopted答案 A解析 由上文可知，作者的父亲驾车把小羊带回家的，所以此处用 bring。32A.show BpartyCmeal Dgoat答案 C解析 根据上文可知，作者的父亲打算把小羊杀掉，让大家好好吃一顿羊肉大餐，故选meal。33A.slightly BstrangelyCmentally Dstrongly答案 D解析 根据下一句可知，作者和妹妹反
39、对父亲的做法，故此处指作者的妹妹强烈(strongly)同意作者的意见。34A.glad BmadCrude Dpolite答案 B解析 作者和妹妹实在不能理解父亲为什么选择杀掉小羊，所以非常生父亲的气。be/get mad at sb.生某人的气。35A.convinced BguaranteedCdesired Drequired答案 A解析 根据上下文意思可知，作者和妹妹最终说服(convince)了父亲，让他放弃了自己的决定。36A.choice BchanceCreason Dtime答案 C解析 根据下文中的“when he could just buy goat”和“at a s
40、tore”可知，作者和妹妹认为既然可以去商店买，父亲就没有理由(reason)将小羊杀掉。37A.fur BhairCskin Dmeat答案 D解析 根据第二段最后一句可知，父亲杀掉小羊的目的是吃羊肉，故此处指去商店可以买到羊“肉” 。38A.blamed BvisitedCignored Dknew答案 B解析 根据上下文可知，作者的父亲决定将小羊转给不时去拜访(visit)的一些朋友。39A.liked BhatedCfed Dkept答案 A解析 既然要让小羊活下来，作者的父亲肯定要将小羊转交给非常“喜欢”动物的朋友。40A.host BneighborCpet Dtutor答案 C解
41、析 根据上一段最后一句可知，这家人非常喜欢动物，故接手小羊之后他们应是将其作为一只“宠物”来养的。41A.so BorCand Dbut答案 D解析 空前的“the dad wanted to kill it”和空后的“the rest of the family didnt want”之间是逻辑上的转折关系，所以此处用连词 but。42A.life BwayCmind Dsense答案 A解析 联系上文中的“wanted to kill it”可推知，一旦这样做了，可怜的小羊将会失去“生命” 。43A.put off Bended upCturned down Dcarried on答案 B
42、解析 根据上一句中的“persuade him not to do so”可知，这家人并未杀掉小羊，最后的结果是将小羊送到农场去了，故用 end up。44A.noisily BlonelyChappily Dcalmly答案 C解析 既然小羊被送到了一个农场，那么在那里它没有了性命之忧，就会幸福地(happily)成长。.语法填空I take the train to work every morning.There is rubbish thrown away everywhere in the railway station,45. terrible smell is more than
43、 I can put up with.So I always try to rush through it.The other day I was trying to do so as usual 46. something made me stop for a moment.I saw the most beautiful act of 47. old lady walking in front of me.48 (support) by a white stick，the old lady was walking slowly as each step took some effort.S
44、he stopped near a rubbish bin and slowly placed her walking stick against it.With great 49. (difficult) she bent down，picked up some rubbish with her left hand and threw it inside the bin.50. all took her great effort.I 51. (move) to see this old woman make such a great effort to keep even a small p
45、art of it clean! I couldnt stop 52. (think) about that all day.I want to follow her example.I hope people will do the same as I do.If everyone makes contributions 53. protecting the environment，there will be less pollution and the world will become 54. (clean) and more beautiful.语篇解读 火车站有很多垃圾，一直没有人捡
46、。一天作者看到一位老人很吃力地在捡垃圾，深受感动，决定向她学习。45答案 whose解析 此处是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 rubbish，关系代词 whose 在从句中作定语。46答案 when解析 句型 sb.be doing sth.when.意为“某人正在做某事，这时” 。47答案 an解析 此处表示泛指，用不定冠词 an，an old lady 一位老太太。48答案 Supported解析 Supported by a white stick 是过去分词短语作状语，分词动作 support 与其逻辑主语the old lady 之间是动宾关系。49答案 difficulty解析 空
47、格中所填单词在句中作介词 with 的宾语，需用 difficult 的名词形式。50答案 It解析 It 指代前面老太太做的事。51答案 was moved解析 作者是被感动的，且发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。52答案 thinking解析 couldnt stop doing sth.意为“情不自禁做某事” ，符合语境。53答案 to解析 make contributions to.是习惯搭配，意思是“为 做贡献” 。54答案 cleaner解析 由该句后面的 and more beautiful 可知，这里的 clean 也应该用比较级形式。.短文改错In the summer
48、holiday，we travelled to Qingdao and paid visit to my uncle there.Its a long and bored journey.But the moment I arrived，I fall in love with the city.Its such beautiful a city that I can hardly find any word to describe it.The streets are cleaning and the sky is blue.If you walk along the coast，you can feel the wind to blowin
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