1、三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编专题 21 语法填空一、2019 年高考真题 1. 【2019全国卷 I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence _61_ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as fa
2、r south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _62_ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.Modem methods _63_ tracking polar bear populations have been empl
3、oyed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive _64_ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _65_ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _66_ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by _
4、67_ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are _68_ (high) than they actually are. Of _69_ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _70_ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enoug
5、h data.【语篇解读】本文为科普文类说明文，介绍了北极熊的生存现状。61. 【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为 there be 句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词 evidence 的内容，故填 that。62. 【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词 poorly 修饰谓语动词 has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填 poorly。63. 【解析】考查介词用法。此处 tracking polar bear populations 作 Modern methods 的定语，用 of 连接，“methods of do
6、ing sth.”,意为“的方法” ，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法” 用 for。故填of/for。64. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用 to perform。65. 【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语 in recent years 可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。66. 【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填 belief。67. 【解析】考查非谓语
7、动词。根据其前介词 by 可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填 noting。68. higher【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后 than they actually are 可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填 higher。69. 【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的 19 个北极熊亚种群中”，故填 the。70. 【解析】考查主谓一致。根据 three are declining，此处数词 six 作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填 are。2. 【2019全国卷 II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的
8、单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”for _61_ (be)Britains oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _62_ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have _63_(fi
9、nal)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene _64_(declare) she had no plans _65_ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said， “I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and see
10、ing my family and all the friends I _66_(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, _67_ because I want to.”Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said， “We dont have any idea who put
11、grandma forward. When we got a call _68_ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was _69_ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. Its _70_ (wonder).”【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。讲述了九十高龄的 Irene 作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她被颁发 “年度女士”称号。61.being【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其
12、前介词 for 可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填 being。62.which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为 the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened 一词的宾语，故用 which。63.finally【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词 have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填 finally。64.declared【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为 Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文 had 以及 said 可知用一般过去时态，故填 declared。
13、65.to retire【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用 to do sth 做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词 plan,表示“的计划”，故填 to retire。66.have made【解析】考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years” 可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填 have made。67.but 【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用 but 与前文 not 呼应，构成“不是 而是 ”之意，故填 but。68.saying 【解析
14、】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式 saying 作后置定语，解释名词 call 的内容，call 与 say 是主动关系，故填 saying。69.a【解析】考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处 joke 为泛指，故填 a。70.wonderful【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词 is 之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。3. 【2019全国卷 III】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。On our way to the house，it was raining _61_
15、hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take _62_ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _63_ dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters _64_ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shar
16、ed many of their experiences and _65_(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜 )and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _66_(compete)to watch
17、，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many _67_(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were _68_ (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we _69_(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，_70_ (listen)to mu
18、sicians and meeting interesting locals.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后受到的礼遇，主人热情招待他们，还在工作之余带他们参加了很多当地的活动。61.【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。 “sothat”意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。故填 so。62.【解析】考查不定式。句中的 would 提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering 后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填 to get。63.【解析】考查介词。 “a pack
19、of”意为“一群”。故填 of。64.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为 masters（主人） ，且从句缺主语。故关系词填 who。65.【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。 “and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。66.【解析】考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词 an 与空格后的不定式 to watch 可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填 competition。67.【解析】考查形
20、容词。空格修饰名词 stories，应用形容词形式，tradition 的形容词为 traditional，故填traditional。68.【解析】考查副词。空格处单词修饰形容词 popular，应用副词形式，huge 的副词为 hugely，故填hugely。69.【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为 we，故填 were invited。70.【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以 70 题空
21、格处动词 listen 应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由 we 发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由 and 前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and 后 meeting interesting locals 为分词形式，故空格处填 listening。4. 【2019浙江卷】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The stu
22、dents feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody _56_ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears_57_ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On
23、the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _58_gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or _59_ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can _60_ (easy) see them.But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer _61_ this question is not clear. One study in A
24、merica found that students grades _62_ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didnt want _63_ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no _64_(connect) between uniforms and school performance.School uniforms are _65_ (tradition) in Britain, but some schoo
25、ls are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools dont have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学生穿校服的几个好处。56. has/will have【解析】考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是 when 引导的时间状语从句，遵循主
26、将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时 will do；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是 nobody，谓语用 has。故填 will have/has。57.the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same 是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与 the 连用修饰名词。故填 the。58. that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是 cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that 或 which 引导。故填 that/which。59. cycling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行
27、或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or 连接两个并列成分，根据 or 前的 walking 可知，此处要用 cycling。故填 cycling。60. easily【解析】考查副词。分析句式可知，设空处所给词是修饰动词 see，修饰动词要用副词，因此，用 easy 的副词形式。故填 easily。61. to【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to .这是固定搭配， “的答案是”。故填 to。62. improved【解析】考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是 after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一
28、致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填 improved。63. to wear【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth 想要做某事，这是 want的固定用法。故填 to wear。64. connection/connections【解析】考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no 是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect 是动词， “联系” 的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填 connection/connections。65. traditional【解析】考查形容词
29、。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition 是名词， “传统”的意思，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。5. 【2019北京卷】阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AOn the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I _1_(voice)my biggest concern to
30、 my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously _2_ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _3_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者
31、一年级对交友感到困惑，妈妈的话让他受益终身。1.voiced【解析】考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧， “我将如何交朋友？”此处的 voice 是动词， “表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，用过去式。故填 voiced。2.facing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是 I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填 facing。3.myself【解析】考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。本句的主语是
32、I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填 myself。BEarth Day，_4_(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated _5_ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get
33、involved in various _6_(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save powerthe possibilities are endless.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日这一节日。4.marked【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于 4 月 22 日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要做名词 Earth Day 的后置定语，且与其之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。5.
34、in【解析】考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在 1970 年。如今，这一天的活动遍及 190 多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词 in。故填 in。6.activities【解析】考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的 various 可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填 activities。CDoes the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question _7_(suggest)that，for most students， it doesnt. What
35、students do at college seems to matter much more than _8_ they go. The students benefitting most from college are those _9_ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life. taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources(资源)，Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking
36、about which college to attend, and its never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and _10_(meaning)college experience.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明，大学的名气对学生来说并不重要，从大学生活中受益最多的是完全投入学术生活、充分利用大学的机会和资源的学生。所以要以正确的态度来选择大学。7. suggests/suggested/has suggested 【解析】考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重
37、要。这里表示研究的客观结果，所以用现在时或一般过去时均可，故填 suggests/suggested/has suggested。8. where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用 where。9. who/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。_3_ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词 those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who 或 that。10. meaningful【解析】考查
38、形容词。这里与前面的 healthy 并列，修饰后面的名词 college experience，故此处也要用形容词。故填 meaningful。二、2018 年高考真题 1.【2018全国卷 I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit
39、. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running. While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study publish
40、ed in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (streng
41、th) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。61.
42、 longer 【解析】考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活 3 年。根据 than 可知用比较级，故填 longer。62. to see 【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填 to see。63.dying 【解析】考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处 of 是介词，其后用动名词。故填 dying。64.is 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是 it，要用第三人称单数。
43、故填 is。65.than 【解析】考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的 more effective 可知此处填 than。66.that 或 which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处 a study 是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填 that 或 which。67.causes 【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天 5 到 10 分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填 causes。68.strengthen 【解析】考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处 to 是不定式符合，其后用动词原形。故填stren
44、gthen。69.energetic 【解析】考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据 its 可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。70.it 或 running 【解析】考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处 give it a try 意为：试试。此处 it 可以指running。故填 it 或 running。【点睛】本文比较难的一个题是 70 题。短语 give it a try 不容易想出来。give a try 试试。Give sb sth； give sth to sb 这些短语学生都很清楚。但 give 后加 it 或 sth 的形式，比较少见。高考
45、复习要尽可能多的复习相关的短语，尤其是用的比较多，而课本中出现较少的短语。2.【2018全国卷 I I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Diets have changed in China and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country _61_（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _62_ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7
46、percent.A taste for meat is _63_ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _64_ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water _65_ rice and create
47、s less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased _66_ (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _67_ (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture
48、 finds that between 2005when the government _68_ (start) a soil-testing program _69_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while _70_ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.“ says the banks Juergen Voegele.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名人士的认可。61. has grown 【解析】考查时态。since 加
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