1、三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编专题 19 完形填空夹叙夹议文一、2019 年高考真题1. 【2019全国卷 I】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They _41_ with them lots of waste. The _42_ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(
2、冰川)are disappearing, changing the _43_ of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories, Im _44_ about the place other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.However, I soon _45_ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of _46_ among tons of rubbish. I find a _47_ mountain,
3、with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are _48_ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be _49_.The best of a Kilimanjaro _50_, in my opinion, isnt reaching the top. Mountains are _51_ as spiritual places by many cultures. This _52_ is es
4、pecially evident on Kilimanjaro as _53_ go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, _54_ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather _55_ low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick
5、 grass. I _56_ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland _57_: gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. _58_ you climb into an arctic-like zone with _59_ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro _60_ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of t
6、ourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters43. A. position B. age C. face D. name44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate46. A. equ
7、ipment B. grass C. camps D. stones47. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded52. A. view
8、B. quality C. reason D. purpose53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to55. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake58. A. Obviously B. E
9、asily C. Consequently D. Finally59. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。每年有 4 万登山者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力马扎罗山，他们带来了垃圾，破坏了这里的环境。再加上冰川的消失，改变着它的地貌。对此作者对这个地方很是怀疑，想一探究竟。当他来到这里，他发现当地环保措施很到位，同时作者发现乞力马扎罗山有多种生态系统。作者认为乞力马扎罗山不应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。41.D
10、【解析】考查动词辨析。A. keep 保持；B. mix 混合；C. connect 联系；D. bring 带来。句意：他们带来了很多的垃圾。由“lots of waste”可知，登山者带来了很多的垃圾。故 D 选项切题。42.C 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. stories 故事；B. buildings 建筑物； C. crowds 人群；D. reporters 记者。句意：人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。由“40,000”可知，这是一个庞大的群体。故 C 选项切题。43. C【解析】考查名词辨析。A.position 位置；B.age 年龄；C. face 外貌；D. name 名字。句意
11、：冰川正在消失，改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。冰川是乞力马扎罗山地貌之一，所以冰山融化会改变它的地貌。故 C 选项切题。44. B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. silent 沉默的；B. skepetical 怀疑的；C. serious 严肃的；D. crazy 疯狂的。句意：听到这些故事，我对这个地方产生了怀疑其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。由下文可知，作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山，作者想解开这个怀疑。故 be skepetical about“对怀疑”符合句意。故 B选项切题。45. A【解析】考查动词辨析。A. discover 发现；B. argue 争论；C. decide 决定
12、；D. advocate 提倡。句意：然而，我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由“much has changed ” 可知，作者发现了很大的变化。故 A 选项切题。46. C【解析】考查名词辨析。A.equipment 装备 ；B. grass 草 C. camps 营地；D. stone 石头。句意：我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由下文“at camps ”可知，本句属于原词再现。故 C 选项切题。47. D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. remote 遥远的；B. qui
13、et 安静的 C. tall 高的; D. clean 干净的。句意：我发现了一座干净的山，营地里和路边都有厕所。由“with tolilet at camps and along the paths”可知，营地里和路边都有厕所。所以这是一座干净的山。故 D 选项切题。48. C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. new 新的；B. special 特殊的；C. significant 相当大的；D. necessary 必要的。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。根据前文可知，很多的登山者来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失。这对于环境来说是一个巨大的挑战。故
14、 C 选项切题。49.A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A. paying off 还清，报偿； B.spreading out 伸展；C. blowing up 爆炸；D. fading away；逐渐消退。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。由“but”可知，前后表示转折关系，说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。故A 选项切题。50.B 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. atmosphere 氛围；B. experience 经历；C. experiment 实验；D.sight 视力。句意：在我看来，来乞力马扎罗最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登
15、山就是人生的一种经历。故 B 选项切题。51.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。A. studied 学习；B. observed 观察；C. explored 探索；D. regarded 认为。句意：山被许多文化视为精神场所。由“spiritual space ”,可知，山被许多文化视为精神场所。 be regarded as“被视为.”符合句意。故 D 选项切题。52. A【解析】考查名词辨析。A. view 景色 ；B.quality 质量 ；C. reason 原因；D. purpose 目的 句意：在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色差异尤为明显。有五个生态系统，
16、所以景色也是明显的不同。故 A 选项切题。53.B 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. scientists 科学家；B. climbers 登山者；C. locals 当地人； D. officials 官员。句意：在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色尤为明显。故 A 选项切题。来到乞力马扎罗都是为了登山，也只有登山者能体验到五个生态系统。故 B 选项切题。54.D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A.holding on to 抓住；B. going back to 回到（原来的话题） ；C. living up to 履行；D. giving way to 向让步。句意：热带
17、雨林在海拔 3000 米处突然到了尽头，让位于大片的低矮植物。这里指热带雨林在海拔 3000 米处突然到了尽头，所以海拔 3000 米以上就是大片的低矮植物。 giving way to“向让步”符合句意。故 D 选项切题。55.A 【解析】考查动词辨析。A. changes 改变；B. clears 放晴；C. improves 提高； D.permits 允许。句意：再往上走，天气变了-低云笼罩着被厚厚的草覆盖的山腰。由 “low clouds ”可知，生态系统不同，天气也是不同的，是变化的。故 A 选项切题。56. C【解析】考查动词辨析。A. match 匹配；B. imagine 想
18、象；C. count 数；D.add 增加。句意：我从站的地方数出了十二种绿色。由“twelve shades of green”可知，作者数出了十二种绿色。故 C 选项切题。57.B 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. village 村庄； B. desert 沙漠，荒地;C. road 马路；D.lake 湖 。句意：海拔4000 米以上是高山寒漠:砾石、石头和岩石。由 “grave,stones and rocks”可知，拔 4000 米以上是高山寒漠。故 B 选项切题。58. D【解析】考查副词辨析。A.Obviously 明显地;B.Easily 容易地;C.Consequently 结果
19、；D.Finally 最后地。句意：海拔 4000 米以上是高地沙漠:砾石、石头和岩石。生态系统最顶端也是最后一个生态系统是冰川地区。故D 选项切题。59. A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. permanent.永久的；B.little 小的；C.fresh 新鲜的；D.artifical 人造的。句意：很明显，你爬进了一个类似北极的地带，那里有着永久性的积雪和可能很快消失的冰川。由“arctic -like zone”可知，这是一个类似北极的地带，所以有永久性的积雪。故 A 选项切题。60.B 【解析】考查动词辨析。A. enjoy 享受；B.deserve 值得；C. save 挽救;D.
20、acquire 获得。句意：乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山，挤满了成群的游客，破坏了宁静的气氛，它值得这样的名声吗？。这里作者在疑问乞力马扎罗山是不是应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。以此在对后面的回答做好铺垫。故 B 选项切题。2. 【2019江苏卷】请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modem age. There are species(物种)that are _36_ every day. The white-na
21、ped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to _37_ the species from going out of existence.Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their _38_. Emma, a female crane, has been in their _39_ since she arrived in 2004.Born at an international crane foundation
22、, Emma was _40_ by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected _41_, though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had _42_ taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. She _43_ to live with male cranes, and even had a _44_ for killing some of them, which made it _45_ for her to beco
23、me a mother._46_, the two zookeepers didnt want to see the extinction(灭绝)of this precious species. With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed a _47_ of artificial breeding(人工繁殖)and natural reproduction. This _48_ Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.The two keepers are proud of t
24、heir productive work. But before they can be _49_, more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the _50_, and many other species appear headed toward extinction. _51_, not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal righ
25、ts to survive.How can we _52_ the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals? Chris and Tim offered us the _53_: human beings took it for granted that their _54_ held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better _55_.36. A. growing B. migrating C. competing D. disappearing37
26、. A. ban B. save C. split D. remove38. A. abortion B. recreation C. reproduction D. administration39. A. care B. eye C. mind D. story40. A. found B. chosen C. raised D. seized41. A. bonus B. consequence C. victory D. sacrifice42. A. never B. always C. unluckily D. cheerfully43. A. liked B. refused C
27、. decided D. hesitated44. A. gift B. skill C. concern D. reputation45. A. illegal B. inspiring C. important D. impossible46. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Instead47. A. combination B. collection C. strategy D. system48. A. forced B. forbade C. taught D. enabled49. A. defeated B. grateful C.
28、 assured D. tolerant50. A.list B. rise C. agenda D. decline51. A. In contrast B. After all C. By the way D. On the contrary52. A. leave B. bridge C. open D. identify53. A. course B. excuse C. answer D. reward54. A. brains B. behaviors C. services D. projects55. A. guide B. treat C. example D. compan
29、ion【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。在现代，野生动物正在遭受巨大威胁，每天都有一些物种灭绝。白鹤就是其中之一。但是，有很多人正在竭尽全力保护这些物种免于灭绝。Chris 和 Tim 通过努力，帮助一只名叫 Emma 的雌鹤繁殖了五只幼鹤。36.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。根据第一句“Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age”和最后一句提到的“the species from going out of existence”可以推知，野生动物正在遭受巨大威胁，每天都有一些物种灭绝，即：“消失” 。D 选项正确。37.B 【解
30、析】考查动词辨析。前文提到每天都有物种消失，那么该句应指科学家们正在竭尽全力保护这些物种，使它们免于灭绝。故 B 选项正确。38.C 【解析】考查名词辨析。上文最后一句提到科学家们竭尽全力保护濒临灭绝的物种，由此推知，该处应指Chris 和 Tim 帮助濒危物种繁殖，增加它们的数量，这样它们才不至于灭绝。故该空应指“繁殖”，C 选项正确。39.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。自从 2004 年，Emma 一直由 Chris 和 Tim 照顾。该空和下一句中的“human caretaker”呼应。故选 A。40.C 【解析】考查动词辨析。根据空后的“human caretakers”可知， care
31、taker 当然是照看 Emma 的。故该句应指：出生在一个国际鹤基地，Emma 由人类抚养照看。故选 C。41.B 【解析】考查名词辨析。根据空后的 though（尽管）可知，though 前后的两个句子之间是转折关系。后面提到，她过得很开心。根据转折关系，那么前文应该表示“但是这导致了出乎意料的结果”。B 选项正确。42A 【解析】考查副词辨析。根据下文中的“become deeply attached to humanseven killing some of them”等内容可知，因为 Emma 一直由人类照看，所以它没有将自己看作是一只鹤，而是深深的依恋上了人类。故选A。43.B 【
32、解析】考查动词辨析。根据上文，Emma 不把自己当作鹤，所以它“拒绝”和雄鹤生活在一起。B 选项正确。44.D 【解析】考查名词辨析。根据 even（甚至）这个递进关系可知， Emma 不仅拒绝和雄鹤生活在一起，而且因为弄死了几只雄鹤而“臭名昭著”。故 D 选项正确。45.D【解析】考查形容词辨析。Emma 拒绝和雄鹤生活，这当然使得她“不可能”生育小鹤，成为妈妈。D 选项正确。46.C 【解析】考查连词辨析。上文提到 Emma 拒绝和雄鹤生活，使得她不可能生育小鹤。下文提到两位动物园管理员不想看到这一物种的灭绝。由此推知，上下文之间是转折关系。C 选项正确。47.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。经
33、过努力，Chris 和 Tim 成功的将“人工繁殖”和“ 自然繁殖”结合在一起。A 选项正确。48.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。Chris 和 Tim 成功的将“ 人工繁殖”和“ 自然繁殖”结合在一起，这使得 Emma 诞育了五只幼鹤。enable sb. to do sth.意为“ 使能够做某事”，D 选项正确。49.C 【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据后文的 more efforts must be made 可以推知，尽管两个人为自己的成就感到骄傲，但是他们还需要付出更多努力，因为野生鹤的数量在减少。所以他们还不能完全放心（白鹤不会灭绝） 。故选 C。assured 意为“确定的，有把握的，自
34、信的”。50.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。根据 because 可知，前后句之间是因果关系，根据 more efforts must be made 可以推知，野生白鹤数量在减少，所以，还要付出更多的努力（来挽救白鹤灭绝） 。故 D 选项正确。51.B 【解析】考查介词辨析。前文提到：野生白鹤数量正在减少，很多其他物种似乎也在逐渐灭绝。该句提到，并不是所有的人都意识到野生动物有思想，感情，以及平等生存的权利。很明显，该句是对前文出现野生动物濒临灭绝原因的一种解释。故 B 选项正确。after all：毕竟（用于解释和说明理由） 。52.B 【解析】考查动词辨析。针对上文提到的很多物种灭绝这种现象
35、，作者提出一个问题：我们如何来消除将人类和动物隔开的不断扩大的鸿沟呢？B 选项正确。53.C 【解析】考查名词辨析。前文提出一个问题：我们如何来消除将人类和动物隔开的不断扩大的鸿沟呢？Chris 和 Tim 的做法给我们提供了一个答案。C 选项正确。54.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“hold all the solutions”可以推断出，人类认为自己的“ 大脑”掌握着所有的解决办法。即：人类认为自己的大脑可以想出所有的解决办法。A 选项正确。55.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。根据转折词 but 可以推知，人类想当然的认为自己的“大脑”掌握着所有的解决办法。但或许他们可以用“心” 更
36、好地“ 引领”他们去保护这些濒危的动物。故 A 选项正确。3. 【2019天津卷】阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 1635 各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night，when fear seized me. My wallet was gone. I could only have left it on the G9 bus，which was now speeding in the dark to some_16_station.The_17_moment wa
37、s quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the_18_of that little wallet？The credit cards，the drivers license，the cash ，all lost to the bus.Two hours later，back at my house，I heard a knock on the door. My husband _19_it while I was on the phone in the dining r
38、oom. “Does Jennifer live here？“ I heard a lady say. In my husbands hand was my wallet， with not a penny_20_. She left before I could _21_ make it to the door to offer my thanks.After sharing the story online，I heard from someone，who _22_ the lady as Erin Smith. Without _23_ ，I called to thank her. S
39、he said she _24_ my wallet on a bus seat. She_25_that going to a strangers house was a _26_ move，but she decided to take the chance. “If I were in that _27_ I would want someone to try to find me，“ she said.This one stranger responded beautifully to my small _28_ ，but she actually wasnt the only one
40、. Right after Erin _29_ my wallet on the bus，she posted a picture of my drivers license to an online forum（论坛） ， trying to see _30_ anyone knew me. No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my sons nursery and who recognized my face. Ive never _31_ words w
41、ith those moms beyond small tall，but they wanted to help. I read that people are more divided than ever，but thats not how the people I_32_tend to act._33_,I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger. Erin had gone _34_what almost anyone would have done，finding my house on a bitterly cold ni
42、ght，and for that I was extremely _35_ .16. A. accessible B. hidden C. unknown D. convenient17. A. face-saving B. brain-washing C. eye-catching D. heart-stopping18. A. parts B. contents C. details D. ingredients19. A. ignored B. answered C. examined D. interrupted20. A. missing B. returned C. remaini
43、ng D. abandoned21. A. still B. ever C. yet D. even22. A. selected B. appointed C. identified D. defined23. A. delay B. alarm C. regret D. invitation24. A. moved B. placed C. opened D. spotted25. A. disagreed B. complained C. calculated D. recommended26. A. selfless B. risky C. slow D. personal27. A.
44、 site B. direction C. situation D. atmosphere28. A. crisis B. danger C. threat D. failure29. A. got rid of B. made use of C. had control of D. took possession of30. A. if B. where C. how D. when31. A. recalled B. exchanged C. repeated D. whispered32. A. encounter B. follow C. consult D. accompany33.
45、 A. Going away B. Turning around C. Looking back？ D. Coming along34. A. into B. against C. over D. beyond35. A. longing B. enthusiastic C. concerned D. grateful【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，Erin 捡到了作者的钱包，在寒冷的黑夜亲自登门归还钱包。作者深受感动。文章叙述了事情的来龙去脉和作者的感受。16. C【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据前文的“fear seized me. My wallet was
46、 gone.”可以推知，作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，而汽车正在开往某个作者未知的地方，这使得找回钱包的希望渺茫，因此作者心生“恐惧”。故 C 选项(unknown) 切题。17. D【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据上一段中的“fear seized me”可以推知，作者在发现丢了钱包之后的第一感觉是“害怕”。之后，作者开始在内心计算找回钱包里的那些东西所需要的时间和钱数。故该空应和 fear 表达的意思相近，D 选项（heart-stopping）切题：令人心跳停止的，惊心动魄的。18. B【解析】考查名词辨析。该空指下文中提到的“the credit cards， the drivers lic
47、ense, the cash”，这些都是钱包里装的东西。故选 B(content)：所含之物，所容纳之物。19.B 【解析】考查动词辨析。两小时后有人敲门，丈夫去应门。B 选项（answer ）切题：应（门） ；接（电话） ；应答。20. D【解析】考查动词辨析。结合下文的陈述可知，那位女士捡到了作者的钱包，她拾金不昧，将钱包完璧归赵。由此可以推知，该处指“钱包里的钱一分也没有丢失”。故 A 选项（missing ）切题：不见的，丢失的。21. D【解析】考查副词辨析。作者甚至还没有来得及到门口感谢那位女士，她就离开了。该空表示“甚至”，故选 D 选项（even）：甚至。22. C【解析】考查
48、动词辨析。在网上分享了这个故事之后，作者收到了某个人的来信，这个人确认了那位女士是 Erin Smith。C 选项(identify)切题：确认，认出，识别。23. A【解析】考查动词辨析。找到了那位拾金不昧的女士，作者当然要“马上，毫不耽搁地”打电话去感谢对方。A 选项（delay）切题：耽搁，延迟。24. D【解析】考查动词辨析。作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，Erin 是在一个座位上发现了它。该空表示“发现”，故选 D 选项(spot)：发现，认出。25. C 【解析】考查动词辨析。根据文章最后一段中的“a bitterly cold night”可知，这件事发生在一个寒冷的晚上。同时，Erin 又不认识作者。由此推知，该句应指：Erin 估计去一个陌生人的家是一个冒险的举动。C 选项（calculate）正确：估算，估计，预料。26. B【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的转折词 but 可知，该句和 she decided to take the chance（她决定冒险）是转折关系。那么该句应指去一个陌生人家是一个冒险的举动。故 B 选项（risky）正确：冒险的。27. C【解析】考查名词辨析。该句叙述的是 Erin 当时的想法：“如果我处
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