1、精准培优专练 2019届高三好教育精准培优专练培优点十 阅读理解-推理判断题一、 真题在线Passage 1（2019浙江卷，A）Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby. He finds old military(军队的) medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet. But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks down the medals rightful owners, and returns them.His effort to reunite famil
2、ies with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother, a Purple Heart with the name Corrado A. G. Piccoli, found in an antique shop. Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart he earned one himself in a war as a soldier. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had t
3、o do.Through the Internet, Zac tracked down Corrados sister Adeline Rockko. But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions: “Who are you? What antique shop?” However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. So she called Zac back and apologized. Soon
4、she drove to meet Zac in Watertown, N.Y. “At that point, I knew she meant business,” Zac says. “To drive eight hours to come to see me.”The Piccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown. Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWII, was killed in action in Europe.Before hearing
5、from Zac, Adeline hadnt realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the one Zacs mother had found was a family treasure. “This medal was very precious to my parents. Only on special occasions(场合) would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands,” Adeline says.As a child, Adeline
6、 couldnt understand why the medal was so significant. “But as I grew older,” Adeline says, “and missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left.” Corrado Piccolis Purple Heart medal now hangs at the Italian American Civic Association in Watertown.Zac recently returned
7、 another lost medal to a family in Alabama. Since he first reunited Corrados medal, Zac says his record is now 5 for 5.21. Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himself？A. In the army.B. In an antique shop.C. From his mother.D. From Adeline Rockko.22. What did Zac realize when Adeline drove to
8、meet him?A. She was very impolite.B. She was serious about the medal.C. She suspected his honesty.D. She came from a wealthy family.23. What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?A. Her parents advice.B. Her knowledge of antiques.C. Her childhood dream.D. Her memory of her brother.【答案】21-23 ABD【解析】
9、这是一篇记叙文。Zachariah Fike有一个不同寻常的爱好：他在网上和古董店里寻找旧的军队勋章，然后将这些勋章归还它们的原主人（及其家人）。文章主要叙述了他这一爱好的原由。21. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart he earned one himself in a war as a soldier. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had to do.”可知，当Zac还是一名士兵的时候，在一次战争中他获得了一枚Pu
10、rple Heart。故A项正确。22. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“To drive eight hours to come to see me.”可以推知，Adeline为了那枚Purple Heart开车八个小时来见Zac，由此可知，她对于这件事是认真地。故B选项正确。23. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWII, was killed in action in Europe.”和倒数第三段中的“ But as I grew older, Adeline says, and missed my broth
11、er more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left. ”可知，这枚勋章寄托了Adeline对于去世的哥哥Corrado的回忆和思念，这是他们家留下的唯一关于哥哥的东西了。因此她很珍惜这枚勋章。故D选项正确。Passage 2（2019上海卷，C）Everything about nuclear energy seems terrifically big: the cost, construction and decommissioning and the fears of something going badly
12、wrong.The future, however may well be much smaller. Dozens of companies are working on a new generation of reactors that, they promise, can deliver nuclear power at lower cost and reduced risk.These small-scale plants will on average generate between 50MW and 300MW of power compared with the 1,000MW
13、-plus from a conventional reactor. They will draw on modular manufacturing techniques that will reduce construction risk, which has plagued larger-scale projects. Supporters believe these advanced modular reactors (AMRs) most of which will not be commercial until the 2030s are critical if atomic pow
14、er is to compete against the rapidly falling costs of solar and wind.“The physics hasnt changed. Its about much cleverer design that offers much-needed flexibility in terms of operation,” said Tim Stone, long-term industry adviser and chairman of Nuclear risk Insurers, which insures nuclear sites in
15、 the UK.Since the Fukushima meltdown in Japan in 2011, safety fears have threatened nuclear power. But the biggest obstacle today is economic. In western Europe, just three plants are under construction: in the UK at Hinkley point C in Somerset; at Flamanville in France; and at Olkiluoto in Finland.
16、 All involve the European Pressurized Reactor technology of EDF that will be used at Hinkley Point. All are running years late and over budget. In the US, the first two nuclear projects under way for the past 30 years are also blowing through cost estimates.The UK, which opened the worlds first comm
17、ercial nuclear reactor in 1956, is one of the few western nations committed to renewing its ageing fleet to ensure energy security and meet tough carbon reduction targets. It is seen as a proving ground, by many in the industry, of nuclear powers ability to restore confidence.However, the countrys a
18、greement with EDF to build two units at Hinkley Point which together will generate 3.2GW of electricity has come under severe criticism over its cost. The government is looking at different funding models but said it still sees nuclear power as vital to the countrys future energy mix. Small reactors
19、, it believes, have the potential to generate much-needed power from the 2030s.A nuclear sector deal, unveiled last month, promised up to 56m in funding for research and development into AMRs and attracted interest of start-ups from around the world. The government hopes the funding will give the UK
20、 a lead in the global race to develop these technologies, helping to provide energy security while also creating a multibillion-dollar export market for British engineering companies.63. Which of the following is true about the advanced modular reactors (AMRs)?A. AMRs produce more power than traditi
21、onal reactors.B. Small in scale, AMRs rose more safety risks.C. So far, most AMRs have not been put into use yet.D. Governments prefer energy of solar and wind to that of AMRs.64. In paragraph 5, the author mentions the plants in Western Europe and the US to _.A. prove that nuclear power has been th
22、reatened by safety concernB. show that the construction of nuclear power plants cost more than the budget availableC. indicate the construction of nuclear plants are slow in speedD. point out that most power plants have adopted the latest nuclear technology65. What can be inferred from the passage?A
23、. Some people have lost confidence in the development of nuclear plants.B. The UK government seeks to reduce the negative impact of nuclear power on its economy.C. The plan to build two power plants in Hinkley Point has been deserted.D. a kind costs for small modular reactors would be higher relativ
24、e to large nuclear reactors.66. Which of the following can serve as the best title of this passage?A. Britain counts on nuclear energy to keep lights onB. Traditional nuclear plants boom with mini reactorsC. Nuclears share of power generation remain steadD. Nuclear power looks to shrink its way to s
25、uccess【答案】63-66 CBAD【解析】本文属于新闻，主要讲述当前核能开发存在耗资巨大和泄漏风险的问题，因此人们正对这种技术失去信心，但是由于新的核能发电方式AMRs的出现，可能会扭转这种情况63. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Supporters believe these advanced modular reactors (AMRs) most of which will not be commercial until the 2030s are critical if atomic power is to compete against the rapidly falling co
26、sts of solar and wind.可知，大多数AMRs需要到21世纪30年代才能商业化使用，也就是说现在还没有投入使用，故选C。64. 推理判断题。根据第五段“All involve the European Pressurized Reactor technology of EDF that will be used at Hinkley Point. All are running years late and over budget. In the US, the first two nuclear projects under way for the past 30 year
27、s are also blowing through cost estimates.”可知，所有的核电站都没有按期投入使用，也超出预算，故选B。65. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“It is seen as a proving ground, by many in the industry, of nuclear powers ability to restore confidence.”可知，这可以被看作是一个恢复对核能利用的信心的试验场，由此可知，很多人对核能的发展失去了信心，故选A。66. 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述当前核能开发存在耗资巨大和泄漏风险的问题，因此人们正对这种技术失去信心，但
28、是由于新的核能发电方式AMRs的出现，可能会扭转这种情况。故可知，本文标题为D选项，核能通往成功的路越来越窄，故选D。Passage 3（2019北京卷，C）The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they dont know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈). We are finally waking up to the severity o
29、f the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, its too little, too late. By the time these “solutions”(解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future,
30、its not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice youre hearing is actually real.Thats because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation(处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for
31、 anyone to use. At this years I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls
32、much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mothers name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, theyre able to carry out individu
33、ally targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank tellers, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mothers name, and card number. Scammers follo
34、w money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and con
35、sumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications using apps lik
36、e FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.38. How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls?A. Panicked.B. Confused.C. Embarrassed.D. Disappointed.39. Ta
37、king advantage of the new technologies, scammer can _.A. aim at victims preciselyB. damage databases easilyC. start campaigns rapidlyD. spread information widely40. What does the passage imply?A. Honesty is the best policy.B. Technologies can be double-edged.C. There are more solutions than problems
38、.D. Credibility holds the key to development.41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is RootedB. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of RobocallsC. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More DangerousD. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Techno
39、logy【答案】38-41 DABC【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真，欺诈现象更加严重，解决这个问题需要电话运营商和消费者共同努力。38. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, i
40、ts too little, too late. By the time these “solutions”(解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.”可知，我们认识到了问题的严重性，支持和开发了旨在防止欺诈者通过的工具、应用程序和方法。不幸的是，我们的努力太少了，也太晚了。在这些“解决方案”被广泛使用的时候，骗子将转移到更巧妙的手段上。由此推知，作者认为这些“解决办法”对于解决问题起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望”。故D选项正确。39. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The re
41、ason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mothers name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, theyre able to carry out individually targeted camp
42、aigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank tellers, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mothers name, and card number.”可知，机器人通话之所以令人头痛，与其说与数量有关，不如说与精确度
43、有关。长达十年的个人信息泄露已经导致了这样一种情况：骗子可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。有了这些知识，他们就能够开展有针对性的活动来欺骗人们。根据这些可知，利用这种新的技术，欺诈者们可以精确地确定他们行骗的目标。故A选项正确。40. 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“At this years I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptio
44、nist and book a reservation without detection.”可知，这项语音技术可以产生一个听起来和人类非常相似的声音，它可以和接待员进行交谈，进行预订。由此可知，这项新技术有其好的方面。根据第三段的叙述可知，欺诈者们可以利用这项新技术来进行欺诈行为。由此推知，这项新技术既可以发挥好的作用，也可能为坏人所利用，产生不好的影响，因此可以说它是一把双刃剑。故B选项正确。41. 主旨大意题。第一段提到：robocalls（机器人电话：自动拨号播放录音信息的推销电话）在未来会变得越来越严重，不仅仅是出现在你的手机屏幕上的电话号码令人怀疑，而且你会质疑听到的声音是否是真的
45、。第二段介绍原因：语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。第三段介绍了语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话带来的问题更加严重。最后两段提出我们该如何应对这些问题。综上，文章第一段点明文章中心：机器人电话问题在未来会变得越来越严重。下文都是围绕这一话题展开的。故C选项适合作标题。Passage 4（2018全国新课标II，C）Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the d
46、ecline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many childrens lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the reports key findings, “the proportion(比例) who say they hardly ever read for fun h
47、as gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2-8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined,
48、 from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compa
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