【精准高考】2018高考英语（人教）大一轮复习（检测）：第1部分 必修5 Unit 1　Great scientists 练案 Word版含解析

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1、第一部分 必修五 Unit 1.阅读理解A(2016青岛市二模) 导 学 号 42492471Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans and then from humantohuman contact.The research team looked at the Zaire Ebola virus in an animal system to understand how it gains strength.This virus is respon

2、sible for the current outbreak in West Africa.They found that initially the animal systems were not affected by the virus, but succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up” and become more severe.The team analyzed the viruses at different stages and were able to identif

3、y several changes in its genetic material that were associated with increased disease.Professor Julian Hiscox, who led the study from the Universitys Institute of Infection and Global Health, explains: “The work tells us that the evolutionary goal of Ebola virus is to become more fatal.”“We were abl

4、e to show through genetic analysis which parts of the virus are involved in this process.The information we have gathered will now allow us to monitor for such changes in an outbreak as well as develop future treatment strategies.”Professor Roger Hewson, leading the study from Public Health England,

5、 Porton Down, said: “Ebola virus is such a destructive infection to the people affected by the disease and the economy of West Africa.”“Our understanding of Ebola virus biology is way behind that of other viruses and our cooperation shows how we can bring together our specialists skills to close thi

6、s knowledge gap.”Professor Miles Carroll, a coauthor of the work, said: “This study has allowed the team to be at the forefront of developing methodologies to analyze patient samples recently taken by the European Mobile Laboratory from West Africa to understand disease evolution during the current

7、outbreak.”文章大意：本文是医疗科研报告。文章主要 讲述了关于埃博拉病毒的研究 进展情况， 该病毒与什么有关系，该如何控制 该病的疫情。1What does the first paragraph mainly tell us？_C_AHow severe Ebola virus is.BHow Ebola virus spreads.CHow Ebola virus gradually becomes deadly.DWhat contributions scientists have made on Ebola virus.解析：主旨大意题。A 项埃博拉病毒有多严重；B 项埃博拉病

8、毒是如何 传播的；C 项埃博拉病毒是如何变得致命的；D 项科学家们为埃博拉病毒做出了什么样的贡献。根据题干关键词 the first paragraph。通读第一段，并根据第一句话 Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans and then from humantohuman contact 可知该段的大意是埃博拉病毒是如何逐渐变得致命的。故 选 C。2Which of the following statements is mentioned in t

9、he passage？_B_AIn the first stage, the virus hurts its victims much.BAs the virus spreads, itll change and become more and more deadly.CThe research in Ebola virus is more advanced than that in other viruses.DThe scientists have a negative attitude to the research in Ebola virus.解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段的 Th

10、ey found that initially the animal systems were not affected by the virus, but succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up” and become more severe 中的关键词 initially 可知 A 是错误的；根据文章的倒数第二段“Our understanding of Ebola virus biology is way behind that of other viruses and our

11、cooperation shows how we can bring together our specialists skills to close this knowledge gap.”排除 C；根据文章最后三段可排除 D；根据文章第一段的最后一句话的后半句 succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up” and become more severe 可知选 B。3The underlined word “fatal” has the closest meaning to _B_.Ao

12、ptimistic BdeadlyCcommon Dfantastic解析：词义猜测题。optimistic 乐观的；deadly 致命的；common 常见的；fantastic 奇异的。根据文章第四段的 The information we have gathered will now allow us to monitor for such changes in an outbreak as well as develop future treatment strategies 和该段的 the evolutionary goal of Ebola virus 可知埃博拉病毒 变得更加致

13、命。由此推断 fatal 是致命的。故选 B。4Where can we probably read this passage？_A_AIn a science report. BIn a storybook.CIn an advertisement. DIn a textbook.解析：细节理解题。In a science report 在科技报告上；In a storybook 在故事书中；In an advertisement 在一个广告中；In a textbook 在课本中。通读全文，并根据文章介绍埃博拉病毒的研究进程判断选 A。B(2017临沂市一模) 导 学 号 42492472

14、Drive through any suburb in the US.today，and its hard to miss the bins that have become companions to Americas trash cans.Recycling has become commonplace，as people recognize the need to care for the environment.Yet most peoples recycling consciousness extends only as far as paper, bottles，and cans.

15、People seldom find themselves facing the growing problem of ewaste.Ewaste rapidly increases as the technofashionable frequently upgrade to the most advanced devices，and the majority of them end up in landfills(垃圾填埋地) Some people who track such waste say that users throw away nearly 2 million tons of

16、 TVs，VCRs，computers，cell phones， and other electronics every year.Unless we can find a safe replacement，this ewaste may get into the ground and poison the water with dangerous toxins(毒素)，such as lead，mercury, and arsenic.Burning the waste also dangerously contaminates the air.However，ewaste often co

17、ntains reusable silver，gold，and other electrical materials.Recycling these materials reduces environmental problems by reducing both landfill waste and the need to look for such metals，which can destroy ecosystems.A growing number of states have adopted laws to ban dumping(倾倒)ewaste.Still，less than

18、a quarter of this refuse will reach lawful recycling programs.Some companies advertising safe disposal(处置)in fact merely ship the waste to some developing countries，where it still ends up in landfills.These organizations prevent progress by unsafely disposing of waste in an outofsight，outofmind loca

19、tion.However, the small but growing number of cities and corporations that do handle ewaste responsibly represents progress toward making the world a cleaner, better place for us all.文章大意：电子垃圾问题应该引起重视。5What can we infer from the first paragraph？_A_AMany Americans now have access to recycling bins.BE

20、waste cannot be put into trash cans in the U S.CMost Americans have realized the dangers of ewaste.DMost of Americas trash cans are made of recycled material.解析：推理判断题。由第一段第一句 话可推知， 许多美国人。6What can best replace the underlined word“contaminates”in Paragraph 2？_A_APollutes. BHeats.CAbsorbs. DReduces.解析

21、：猜测词义题。燃烧垃圾 严重污染空气。7How does the author feel about burying ewaste in landfills？_B _AIts important. BIts unsafe.CIts acceptable. DIts uncommon.解析：细节理解题。由第二段第三句 话“Unless we can find a safe replacement this ewaste may get into the ground and poison the water.”可推知，作者认为填埋电子垃圾是不安全的。8Whats the authors purp

22、ose in writing this text？_D _ATo tell us how to recycle ewaste.BTo talk about the future of ewaste.CTo discuss if its necessary to recycle ewaste.DTo encourage us to deal with ewaste properly.解析：推理判断题。由文章大意可知。.语法填空 导 学 号 42492473阅读下列短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2017甘肃省部分普通高中第一次联考)The truth _1.that

23、_ trees are vital to our life is not a secret.They provide us with food, wood and most _2.importantly_(important), oxygen.Now there is one more thing we can add to this listblocking out harmful bacteria from water.The discovery _3.was_made_(make) by a team _4.consisting_(consist) of scientists from

24、the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and high school students _5.who/that_ were seeking a natural water filterone that would help communities in developing countries that do not have _6.access_(accessible) to modern water filter systems.The _7.researchers_(research), led by Professor Rohi

25、t Karnik, decided to turn to trees for help because they could allow liquid to flow through, while blocking out air bubbles.They began by cutting 1.5inchwide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree.The people related then tested the woods filtering ability by pouring water conta

26、ining red dye particles of different sizes through._8.To_ their amazement, they found that it was effective in trapping all the articles._9.Encouraged_(encourage), the team conducted _10.another_ experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria.Sure enough, the sapwood held back 99% of the b

27、acteria, allowing only 1% to flow through.文章大意：树木作用巨大。最新研究表明，它们能去除水中的细菌。1命题立意：考查同位语从句。解析：此处是同位语从句，又因 为从句中不缺少成分，故 选 用从属连词 that。2命题立意：考查形容词和副词的转换。解析：此处 most importantly 是在修饰谓语动词 provide，故用副词。句意为“他们为我们提供了食物和木头，更重要的是提供了氧气 ”。3命题立意：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。解析：此处指上文中的新发现是由一个被几个科学家组成的队伍做出的，the discovery和 make 之间是被动关系，故

28、用被动语态。由本句 话可知，用一般过去时。4命题立意：考查非谓语动词。解析：此处是现在分词短语“consisting of scientists”作后置定语，修饰 team。因为被修饰词 team 和 consist 之间是主谓 关系，故用 现在分词。5命题立意：考查定语从句。解析：分析句子可知此处为 who/that 引导的定语从句，因为先行词是 students，并且students 在后面的定语从句中充当主 语，故用 who/that。6命题立意：考查形容词和名词的转换。解析：have access to，意思为“使用，接近，可以利用” ，是固定搭配。7命题立意：考查动词和名词的转换。解

29、析：分析该句结构可知，谓语动词为 decided，那么能发出这个动作的主语应该为researchers 研究人 员，研究者。8命题立意：考查介词。解析：to ones amazement，是固定结构，表示“令某人惊讶的是” 。举一反三：类似的用法有 to ones delight，令人高兴的是， to ones relief，令人欣慰的等等。 “to ones 情感名词”是英语中一个十分有用的结构，主要表示某人由于某事的发生而唤起其内心的某种情感，通常 译为“令某人的是 ”“使某人感到的是” 。9命题立意：考查非谓语动词。解析：此处为分词作状语，主 语 team 与 encourage 之间是

30、动宾关系，故 选用过去分词“encouraged”。10命题立意：考查代词。解析：根据上文可知关于此事做过实验，这次是除了上次以外的另一个 实验，故用another，表示“另一个” 。.短文改错 导 学 号 42492474假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号() ，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用()划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11

31、 处起) 不计分。(2016河北衡水中学测试)Alexander was a military genius or great explorer.But he also had a great ambition.He wanted to rule a country that people could live in peace with one another.From 330 to 327 BC., Alexander led his soldier east, through Afghanistan and into Central Asia.As he travel, he built

32、 more cities.He ordered soldiers, merchants, and scholars from many lands to settle here.In 326 BC.Alexander turned south, into India.But by now his men were tired and weak.They were far home in an unknown land.The soldiers refused to go farther.Unwillingly, Alexander turned back.By 323 BC., he reac

33、hed for Babylon in presentday Iraq.There he caught the fever and died at the age of 33.His country was divided between his generals.答案：Alexander was a military genius great explorer.But he also had a great ambition.He orandwanted to rule a country people could live in peace with one another.From 330

34、 to 327 BC., thatwhereAlexander led his east, through Afghanistan and into Central Asia.As he ， he soldiersoldiers travel travelledbuilt more cities.He ordered soldiers, merchants, and scholars from many lands to settle .herethereIn 326 BC.Alexander turned south, into India.But by his men were tired

35、 and weak. nowthenThey were far home in an unknown land.The soldiers refused to go farther.Unwillingly, fromAlexander turned back.By 323 BC., he reached for Babylon in presentday Iraq.There he caught fever and died at the age of 33.His country was divided his generals.thea between among1命题立意：考查连词。解析

36、：orand 根据句意 military genius 和 great explorer 是并列关系。故改 为 and。2命题立意：考查定语从句。解析：thatwhere 此处为 where 引导的定语从句，从句中不缺主宾，故用 where 引导，在从句中作地点状语。故改为 where。3命题立意：考查名词。解析：soldiersoldiers soldier 是可数名词，亚历山大的士兵不可能只有一个，故用复数。4命题立意：考查时态。解析：traveltravelled 本文讲述过去发生的事情，此处时态应与上下文保持一致，故用一般过去时。5命题立意：考查副词。解析：herethere 根据句意可知此处为远指，故用 there。6命题立意：考查副词。解析：nowthen 根据前句中的 in 326 BC.可知此处应为 by then。7命题立意：考查固定短语。解析：far 后加 from far from 是固定短语，意为“距很远” 。8命题立意：考查介词。解析：去掉 for reach 是及物动词，不用加介词。9命题立意：考查冠词。解析：thea catch a fever 是固定短 语，意为“发烧” 。10命题立意：考查介词。解析：betweenamong 根据 his generals 以及常识可知 应为三者或三者以上，故用among。