2019届高考英语一轮复习第二部分语法专练专题二介词和介词短语课件外研版

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1、专题二 介词和介词短语,考向分析 介词是每年高考语法填空和短文改错两个题型中的高频考点之一,考查 内容主要涉及in,for,with,by,to等介词的用法及介词在介词短语或动词 短语中的用法等。,考点清单 一、单一介词用法,单句填空 1.(2017课标全国卷)This trend, which was started by the medical communi-ty (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart di

2、seasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight. 答案 as 根据语境“作为抵抗心脏病的一种方式”,并结合空格处的 作用可知,介词as符合题意。故空格处填as。,语境运用,2.When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be among trees that are over 1,000 years old.,答案 among 句意:当你开车穿越加利福尼亚州的红杉林时,你会置身 于树龄超过一千年的树木之中。设空处应该用介词表示“在

3、之 中”,故用among。 3.The Scottish girl with blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest. 答案 with 句意:在第五届汉语演讲比赛中,那位有着一双蓝色眼睛 的苏格兰姑娘获得了一等奖。with表示“具有”。,单句改错 4.(2017课标全国卷)They have also bought for some gardening tools. 删除for 答案 删除for 在题干中,bought为及物动词,之后可直接跟名词作宾 语,故删除介词for。,1.七个常考介词用法 1.a

4、gainst (表示方位)倚靠着;(表示态度)反对;以为背景 An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it. 看来达成一致意见是不可能了,因为大多数委员会成员都对此表示反对。 2.Off 偏离;离开 We live off the main road. 我们住在大路附近。,用法精讲,3.over 在的正上方,在的上面;穿越;多于,在之上,超过;在期间 Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very bus

5、y over the past couple of weeks. 很抱歉我没有给您打电话,但是在过去的几周里我一直很忙。 4.beyond (表示位置)在较远的一边,在更远处;(表示程度)超出,非所 能及 Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story. 听了她感人的故事,大家都被感动得无以言表。,5.with (表示关系)和在一起;(表示状态)具有,带有;(表示方式)用,凭借 ;(表示原因)由于 The dictionary is what I want, but I dont have enough

6、money with me. 这本词典是我想要的,但我身上没带足够的钱。 6.through (表示位置)穿过;(表示时间)整个;(表示手段、媒介)凭借 Graduation is a good chance to thank those who have helped you through the tough years. 毕业典礼是向那些在艰难岁月里帮助过你的人表示感谢的好机会。 7.for 为了;代表;因为,由于;对于,关于,在方面;赞成,支持;就而言The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public educatio

7、n. 我们大多数人最大的担心是公共教育的质量问题。,2.图解方位介词,The little mouse is under the table,so it is not easy to find it. 那只小老鼠在桌子底下,因此不容易找到它。 The Great Wall winds its way from west to east,across deserts,over mountains,through valleys,till at last it reaches the sea. 长城从西向东穿过沙漠,跨过高山,穿过山谷,蜿蜒而行,直到最后抵达大海。,二、介词短语的用法,题组一 空格

8、处与空前构成了短语 单句填空 1.Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remainsan essential skill for our survival.,语境运用,答案 to 本题考查介词短语。in relation to sth.“相对某事物而言”,符合语境,故此处填to。,答案 to 句意:在讨论的前期玛丽一言不发,但最后她就这个话题发表了意见。本题考查动词短语辨析。give voice to sth.表达对某物的想法。 3.(2017河南豫南九校质量考评)My parents and teachers we

9、re surprised at my bad performance.,2.Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice to her opinion on the subject.,答案 at 句意:我父母和老师对我不好的表现感到很惊奇。be surprised at为固定短语,意为“对感到惊讶”。 4.(2017河北石家庄联考)Im writing to apply for the position. 答案 for 句意:我写信申请这个职位。apply for sth.“

10、申请”。 故填for。,题组二 空格处与空后构成了短语 单句填空 1.We offer an excellent education to our students; in return, we expect students to work hard.,答案 in 句意:我们向我们的学生提供优质的教育,作为回报,我们希望学生努力学习。考查介词短语。in return意为“作为回报,作为报答”。 2.Pluto, the former member of the solar system, is too far away to be seen without the aid of a powe

11、rful telescope.,答案 without 句意:冥王星,原来是太阳系中的一员,离我们太远了以 至于如果没有高倍望远镜的帮助就不能被看到。without the aid of在没 有帮助的情况下。,3. In view of the weather, the basketball match will be held indoors. 答案 In 句意:考虑到天气因素,这场篮球赛将在室内举行。in view of考虑到,鉴于。 单句改错 4.It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just on the middle of the ro

12、ad. onin 答案 onin in the middle of为介词短语,意为“在中间”,故介 词on改为in。,需要识记的四组固定搭配,用法精讲,技巧点拨 在英语语言知识运用中,考查本专题的题目类型主要包括语篇型语法填空和短文改错,如: 例1 I found her in high spirits when we met again. 例2 He threw the ball at/to me. 例3 On hearing the news, he let out a cry of surprise. 例4 It depends in what you will do tomorrow. (改错) inon 1.做语法填空时,若空格后是名词(如例1)、代词(如例2)或动名词(如例 3),且它们在句中不是作主语或动词的宾语,这个空格就很可能填介词。 然后根据句子意思和空格前后词语的搭配习惯来确定填哪一个介词。 2.在短文改错中,错误类型主要为介词的多用、误用(如例4)、漏用。,