通用版2020年中考语法专项突破+题型特训专题：01 名词含答案

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1、专题01名词考点一、名词的分类及用法名词意义: 表示人/事物或抽象概念的词。如: Shanghai, Lilei, desk专有名词普通名词国名 地名 人名 团体 机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词 物质名词首字母大写表单个的人或者事物表一群人或一些事物的总称表无法分为个体的物质表抽象概念的词如: Jim, June, China, Harbin.teacher, applefamily,policewater, moneyhealth, friendship考点二、可数名词(个体名词和集体名词的单复数形式A.不规则变化常见的有:man-men, woman-women, fo

2、ot-feet, tooth-teeth, child-children, mouse-mice.单复数同型:Chinese Japanese people sheep deer fish(中日友好永不变) a Chinesetwo Chinese; a Japanese four Japanese(英法联盟a变e) an Englisheight Englishmen; an Frenchmannine Frenchmen(其他后面加s) a Germanfive GermansB.规则变化情况构成例词一般的词sday-days desk-desks以s, sh, ch, x结尾esmatc

3、h-matches boss-bosses*tomatoes, potatoes, heroes以辅音y结尾改y为iesbaby-babies fly-flies以f/fe结尾改f为veswife-wives leaf-leaves考点三、不可数名词及其用法(1) 不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与a/an或具体数字连用,但特指某物时可以与定冠词the连用。(2) 要表示一定的数量时,常与a cup of, a piece of 等量词连用,如a cup of tea一杯茶; two bottles of water两瓶水(3) 只能修饰不可数名词的词有:a little(一点),little(几

4、乎没有),much/a great deal of/a large amount of(许多)workhomeworkweatheradvicenewsprogressinformationhouseworkfunweightknowledgeEnglishfooddrinkorangericebreadmeatchickenporkbeef.考点四、名词的所有格的构成及其用法。名词的所有格：在英语中,有生命的名词及表示时间 距离 国家 城市的名词,常在词尾加s表示所属关系,叫做名词的所有格。翻译成:的。如:Toms bike (汤姆的单车)名词的所有格例词 例句 直接在词尾加sKates b

5、ag, Childrens Day, Womens Day 以s结尾的名词所有格,在词尾加Teachers Day, students books 表示两人共同拥有的人或物,在后一个人名后加sLucy and Lilys mother (共同的妈妈) 表示两人分别拥有的人或物,则两个人名后都要加sToms and Jims rooms (各自的房间) 表某人的家 店铺 住宅 公共建筑等地名时,所有格后面的名词常常省略:at the doctors(在医务室); at Toms (在汤姆的家) 表示无生命名词的所有格,用of 表达the door of the room, the color o

6、f the clothes 双重所有格:用s所有格/ 与 of 所有格相结合。A friend of my fathers, a book of mine注意:但是有些表示时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城市等无生命的名词,也可加s构成所有格 今天的报纸 todays newspaper 八天的假期an 8-day holiday eight days holiday 五分钟的步行路程a five-minute walk five minutes walk一、单项填空1. Please keep quiet. If you make a lot of , you may disturb othe

7、rs.A. voiceB. noise C. sound D. singing2. He bought .A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe3. Where is your seat?Its between seats, in Row 6.A. Jack and John B. Jacks and John C. Jacks and Johns D. Jack and Johns4. He was born in Shanxi, but Shandong has

8、become his second .A. homeB. family C. house D. place5. Mum, Im quite thirsty. Please give me .A. two orange B. two bottle of oranges C. two bottles of orange D. two bottles of oranges6. All the teachers and students are having a meeting there.A. women; girls B. women; girl C. woman; girls D. woman;

9、 girl7. Could you please tell me some about Xian International Horticultural Expo(世界园艺博览会)?A. informationB. advice C. opinions D. ideas8.They dont have to do today.A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D. much homeworks9. Could you please take a(n) for the head teacher?Sure, Ill be gla

10、d to.A. information B. message C. newsD. sentence10.The of most trees will fall in autumn.A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves D. leave11.The little has two already.A. baby; teethB. baby; tooth C. babies; tooth D. babies; teeth12.Did you hear any strange when the earthquake happened?No, I was in my garden enj

11、oying the beautiful of my birds at that time.A.voice; noiseB. noise;sound C. voice; sound D. sound; voice13. Professor Wang gave us a very useful on how to prepare for the exam.A. adviceB. information C. experience D. suggestion14. It is better to travel 10,000 miles than to read 10,000 books,so its

12、 important to have real with languages, cultures and societies.A. communication B. experience C. knowledge D. influence15.Oh, no! We have missed the train. What should we do?Im afraid we have no but to wait for another one.A. decisionB. information C. reason D. choice二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1.They successfu

13、lly saved two (child) lives.2.You should know the (different) between the two books.3.We saw some (mouse)in the dirty old house.4.Every year, （百万）of people donate money to the Hope Project5.How excellent your （pronounce） is! You must have a good teacher.6.There are several (library)in the city.7.The

14、re are six (Frenchman) talking loudly in the room.8.(teacher) Day is on September 10th.9.We hope that more （China）will win honour for our country.10.More action must be taken to stop （pollute）三、词语运用阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整，每空限填一词，每词限用一次。neighbor people training skill fish chance difficult

15、y learner money thing “Thanks for providing us with such a good training program. The 1 program will help us live well. I will study hard and learn different skills so that I can solve my family 2 and do good to others.” a learner on the job training program said, feeling excited. The 3 father is di

16、sabled, and his mother is ill in bed. The family is very poor. So he has to find a job to make 4 . The learner graduated from high school and didnt have the chance to go to the college. The job training program can help him to learn the 5 that hell need in the work place.The story makes me think of

17、another story. It goes like this: Long long ago, there was a man, he was able to catch a lot of 6 every day. He always shared his fish with his 7 because they didnt know how to fish. One day, he called them together to show them how to fish. Everyone was happy as they could eat the fish they caught

18、by themselves.Now, there are still many poor 8 in the world. But its not good if we give only food to them. Instead, we should give them a 9 to learn new skills. Therefore, technical training is very important to people in need and they will learn the skills to make money. People can learn lots of u

19、seful 10 in the training program and what they learn can help them find jobs.四、完形填空Tom woke up on Monday morning. He felt sick. He always felt sick on Monday 1 . He had to go to school for a whole week! He almost wished there were no 2 . It was even more difficult for him to go back to school!He lay

20、 in bed and wondered what 3 he could make this time. He looked at his body, but could find nothing wrong. A little headache? No. He had used that excuse many 4 . Then he realized that one of his 5 was loose(松动). Good! He was just going to start groaning(呻吟) when he thought that Aunt Polly would pull

21、 the tooth out. That would hurt! He looked for something else. Suddenly he remembered what the doctor had said about a certain problem with 6 . He pulled his right 7 out and looked at it. One of the toes was really hurting, Tom began to groan. “Whats wrong with you?” Aunt Polly asked. “My toe hurts.

22、” The old lady fell into a 8 , smelling a little. “Tom, you frightened me. Now shut upat once and get out of bed.” Tom felt like a 9 being caught. “Well, it seemed all right. It hurt so much that I forgot my tooth.” “Tooth, eh? Whats wrong with your tooth?” “One of them is loose and it hurts badly.”

23、 “No 10 ,” answered Aunt Polly. “I can pull it out.” “Please, Auntie! Dont pull it out. It has stopped hurting now. Please!” “No way! Well, youll have your tooth out and youll go to school?1. A. Monday B. mornings C. afternoon D. evening2. A. week-day B. week-days C. week-ends D. week-ends3. A. way

24、B. excuse C. idea D. thought3. A. month B. Monday C. time D. week5. A. teeth B. tooth C. foot D. feet6. A. fingers B. feet C. hands D. toes7. A. arm B. foot C. hand D. leg8. A. school B. chair C. bed D. kitchen9. A. student B. thieves C. thief D. patient10. A. way B. problem C. question D. plan【参考答案

25、】一、单项填空15 BACAC 610 BAABC 1115 ADDBD二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1. childrens 2. differences 3. mice 4. millions 5. pronunciation 6. libraries 7. Frenchmen 8. Teachers 9. Chinese 10. polluting 三、词语运用1. training 2. difficulties 3. learners 4. money 5. skills 6. fish 7. neighbors 8. people 9. chance 10.things四、完形填空15 BCBCA 610 DBBCB