中考英语语法名师精讲复习课件：非谓语动词

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1、非谓语动词,一、定义 不充当句子谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词。它们不受主语限制，无时态与语态变化，又称非限定性动词。 二、形式 1. 动词不定式（to do sth. ） 2. 动名词（v. -ing） 现在分词（v. -ing) 3. 分词 过去分词（v. -ed或不规则变化）,考点一 动词不定式 动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，我们主要掌握不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。,此外，不定式可以与疑问词连用, 用作主语、宾语、表语等。 I cant decide which one to buy. 我不能决定该买哪一件。（作宾语） When to start has

2、nt been discussed. 什么时候开始还没有被讨论。（作主语）,【温馨提示】 (1)help后接不定式时可以省略to； (2)有些动词后接不定式时通常省略to：feel, hear, see, watch, notice, let, make, have（简记为一感一听三看三让）。 上述动词变为被动语态后，其后的不定式必须补上“to”。,Tom helped his brother (to) learn to swim. 汤姆帮他的弟弟学习游泳。 变为被动语态：His brother was helped to learn to swim by Tom. We often hear

3、 Jack sing English songs. 我们常听见杰克唱英文歌。 变为被动语态：Jack is often heard to sing English songs.,【巧学妙记】只能跟不定式作宾语的动词 决心学会有希望（decide, determine, learn, wish, hope）, 同意计划莫假装(agree, plan, pretend), 胆敢拒绝会失败（dare, refuse, fail）, 准备设法来帮忙(prepare, try, manage, help), 提供请求负担起(offer, beg, demand, afford), 答应安排理应当（pro

4、mise, arrange, be supposed）, 以上后跟不定式，劝君牢记永不忘。,考点二 动名词 动名词相当于名词、形容词。可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。,【巧学妙记】喜欢（enjoy)不断(keep)提建议（suggest) 盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish) 想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice) 忍俊不禁(cant help)还介意(mind) 后接动词-ing My grandfather kept telling jokes and I couldnt help laughing. 爷爷不停

5、地讲笑话，我忍不住笑了。,【温馨提示】 部分动词既可接动名词作宾语，又可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别较大。 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 remember to do sth. 记得去做某事（未做） forget doing sth. 忘了做过某事 forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事（未做） stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事,need doing sth. 需要做某事（被动含义） need to do sth. 需要去做某事（主动含义） try doing sth. 尝试做某事 try to do

6、sth. 尽力做某事 hear/see sb. doing sth. 听见/看见某人正在做某事 hear/see sb. do sth. 听见/看见某人做了某事,考点三 分词 1. 分词的构成 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词+-ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。,2. 分词的句法功能,. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. （2012安顺中考）Mr. Scott made a living by _ (sell) old things. 2. （2011遵义中考）Trust him! He has no difficulty _ (work)

7、out the problem. 答案：1. selling 2. working,3. （2011滨州中考）David preferred _ (sell) newspapers to doing housework when he was young. 4. （2011兰州中考）The student _（name）Wang Lin is my example in English learning. 5. （2011梧州中考）Davy enjoys _ (play) tennis and baseball. 答案：3. selling 4. named 5. playing,. 单项选择

8、 1. (2012安顺中考)Do you know whether the man _ by the door is Mr. Smith? Sure. Weve known each other for a long time. A. stand B. standing C. stood D. stands 【解析】选B。standing by the door是现在分词短语作后置定语表示动作正在进行，与被修饰的man之间存在主动关系。故选B。,2. （2012随州中考）Its dangerous _ with the wild animal. A. for us to play B. of

9、us playing C. for us playing D. of us to play 【解析】选A。Its+adj. +for sb. to do sth. 意为“做某事对某人”，其中it为形式主语，动词不定式to play with the wild animal是真正的主语，故选A。,3. (2012自贡中考)When are you going to have your hair _? This afternoon. A. cut B. to cut C. cutting 【解析】选A。have sth. done“让被做”。过去分词作宾语补足语，与所修饰的宾语之间存在被动关系。故

10、选A。,4. （2011山西中考）Drivers shouldnt be allowed _ after drinking, or they will break the law. A. drive B. driving C. to drive 【解析】选C。allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”，其被动语态为sb. be allowed to do sth. “某人被允许做某事”。故选C。,5. （2011重庆中考）We dont know _ it next. Lets go and ask Mr. Li. A. what to do B. to do what C.

11、 whether to do D. to do whether 【解析】选C。“特殊疑问词+ to do”在此作know的宾语，再由it可知，句中已有动词do的宾语，故选C。,6. （2011绵阳中考）Our English teacher encourages us _ part in all kinds of after-class activities. A. to take B. take C. taking D. to taking 【解析】选A。encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事。,7. （2011江西中考）How kind you are! You

12、always do what you can _ me. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helps 【解析】选C。动词不定式短语to help作目的状语。,8. (2011济南中考）The woman loves animals and she tries _ these homeless animals. A. to hurt B. to eat C. to help D. to kill 【解析】选C。try to do sth. “努力做某事”。句意：这位女士喜欢动物，她努力地去帮助这些失去家园的动物。故选C。,9. （2011眉山中考）Its a l

13、ittle cold today. Would you mind _ the window? Of course not. A. not opening B. not to open C. dont open D. no opening 【解析】选A。Would you mind doing sth. ? “你介意做某事吗？”, 其否定形式为Would you mind not doing sth. ?,10. （2011昆明中考）The reporter didnt go to bed until he finished _ the article. A. writing B. write C. to write D. wrote 【解析】选A。 finish doing sth. 完成某事。故选A。,