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1、情态动词,考点一 情态动词的基本用法 一、定义 情态动词表示说话者的情感、态度和语气。它们本身有一定的意义,但没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作谓语,须和动词一起构成句子的谓语。表示否定时在情态动词后加not (must,have to除外),表示疑问时将情态动词提至主语前即可。,二、常见情态动词用法,【温馨提示】 (1)情态动词的过去式表示比原形更委婉的语气。 (2)mustnt表示否定意义“禁止,不允许”。可与祈使句互换。例如: You mustnt play football in the street. 你不准在街道上踢足球。 (=Dont play football in the str
2、eet. ),(3)have to有人称、数和时态的变化,表示受客观条件限制,意为“不得不”。例如: She has to take the bus to work. 她不得不坐公交车去上班。,(4)May. . . ? 句式的否定回答:No, . . . mustnt/cant. Must. . . ? 句式的否定回答:No, . . . neednt. May I smoke here? 我可以在这儿吸烟吗? No, you mustnt. 不,你不准。 Must I go now? 我必须现在走吗? No, you neednt. 不,你没必要。 (5)must,should,may,m
3、ight都可以表示“可以”,可能性程度由大到小依次为:mustshouldmaymight。,考点二 易混情态动词 1. must & cant 两者都表示推测,cant意为“不可能”,must意为“一定”;句中一般会有说明推测理由的附属从句。例如: The girl in red must be Jenny. She often wears a red skirt to school. 那个穿红衣服的女孩一定是珍妮。她经常穿着红色的裙子上学。 No, it cant be Jenny. I met her in the library just now and she was still r
4、eading newspapers there. 不,一定不是珍妮。刚才我在图书馆看见她了,她还在那儿看报纸呢。,2. have to (2)must强调说话人的主观看法,意为“必须;应该”; (3)否定形式的不同:mustnt表示“禁止;不应该”;not have to表示“不必”,相当于neednt。,例如:The boy had to stay at home alone because his parents both went to work. 那个男孩不得不独自待在家里,因为他的父母都去上班了。 We must go to school on time. 我们必须按时上学。 You
5、 dont have to (neednt) lend me your car because young people mustnt drive. 你不应该借给我你的车,因为年轻人不能开车。,3. can (2)can只用于现在时和过去时(could), be able to可用于各种时态; (3)遇有助动词或情态动词时只能用be able to。 例如:Jack could (was able to) swim at the age of five. 杰克在五岁时就能游泳了。 Well be able to fly to the moon soon. 不久我们就能飞往月球了。,4. may
6、be & may be maybe用于句首表示“可能;也许”,相当于perhaps;may be中的may是情态动词,后接动词原形be,表示“可能是”,在句中作谓语。两者可互换。例如: Maybe the boy is from Canada. =The boy may be from Canada. 那个男孩可能来自加拿大。,1. (2012铜仁中考)You _ stop when the traffic light turns red. A. can B. had better C. need D. must 【解析】选D。must是“必须,不得不”,根据下文出现的when the tra
7、ffic light turns red可知是“你必须”。,2. (2012恩施中考)Is that girl under the tree Mary? No, that _ be Mary. She is in New York. A. can B. mustnt C. cant 【解析】选C。由答语“她在纽约。”可知,那个女孩不可能是玛丽,故用cant。,3. (2011重庆中考)Mr. Wang, can I finish my homework tomorrow? Sorry, you _. A. cant B. dont C. neednt D. wont 【解析】选A。cant“不
8、能”,dont“不”,neednt“不需要”,wont为will not的缩写“将不会”。根据问句“王老师,我能明天完成作业吗?”可知回答应为“对不起,你不能。”故选A。,4. (2011温州中考)Dad, can I go to the movies tonight? Sure, but you _ come back home before 9 oclock. A. can B. must C. may D. might 【解析】选B。句意:爸爸,今晚我可以去看电影吗?当然,但是你必须在9点之前回家。can 表示“能;会”;must 表示“必须”;may和might表示“可以”,故选B。,
9、5. (2011福州中考) Mom, must I finish my homework now? No, you _. You may have supper first. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant 【解析】选B。句意:妈妈,我现在必须完成家庭作业吗?不,你不需要。你可以先吃饭。对must引导的一般疑问句,否定回答时常用No, . . . neednt, 故选B。,6. (2011菏泽中考)Will you stay for some more days? Sorry, I _. My mother called to ask me to go back at
10、once. A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. wouldnt 【解析】选C。句意:你再待几天好吗?对不起,我不能。我的母亲打电话让我马上回去。mustnt“禁止”;may not“可能不”;wouldnt“不愿做,将要不”。故选C。,7. (2012荆州中考)Shall we take a taxi? No, we _. Its not far from here. A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt 【解析】选D。由答语“它离这儿不远。”可知没必要乘出租车。故选D。,8. (2011滨州中考)Must I get up
11、 early tomorrow morning? No, _. A. you mustnt B. I dont think you have to C. you cant D. you need 【解析】选B。情态动词must引导的一般疑问句的否定答语为“No, sb. neednt. / No, sb. dont/doesnt have to. ”故选B。,9. (2011乐山中考)It rained heavily, so we _ stay at home watching TV or surfing the Internet all day. A. could B. had to C. must 【解析】选B。外面下雨是待在家里的客观原因,故答案为B项。,10. (2012包头中考)You _ be excited that youre going back to your hometown soon. Yes, I cant wait any longer. A. shall B. can C. need D. must 【解析】选D。由答语“是的,我不能再等待了。”可知,上一句应该是“你一定很兴奋,你不久将回到你的家乡。”must“一定”,表示有把握的肯定推测。,
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