2019-2020学年度牛津译林版七年级下Unit1知识点详解

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1、2019-2020学年度7下Unit1知识点详解学习目标本单元介绍了一些国家首都所在地的某些标志性建筑物；创设了用数词谈论不同数量国家的人口和面积、所住的楼层、记录电话信息等具体的生活语言实践活动；重点介绍了尼尔、安娜和斯蒂芬所处三个不同国家不同风格的家园及尼尔为自己新家所拍摄的录像。通过学习要能拓展知识面，讲出家里某些常用家俱的英文名称；掌握基数词与序数词的构成及用法；了解单词中重读音的规则；能模仿所学内容，以口、笔头形式描述自己现在的及理想中家园的概况，培养自己爱家，爱父母的情感。重点难点1重点词汇及短语 词汇及短语相关提示(1) town n. 镇，市镇辨析town及city。(2) c

2、ountry n. 国家 辨析country, nation及state。(3)mile n. 英里 了解英里与公里的转换。(4) centre n. 中心（英） 了解美国英语的拼法及middle与用法区别。(5) own adj. 自己的 v. 拥有掌握其作不同词性的用法。(6) grow v. 种植; 生长 注意其作系动词及构成短语的用法。(7)over prep. 超过；在上方 掌握其不同含义的不同用法。(8)double adj. n. 双（的）；两倍（的）掌握其在句中的不同用法。(9) invite v. 邀请 掌握其在句中的不同搭配及用法。(10) stay vi n. 停留，逗留

3、 掌握其作不同词性的用法。(11) share sth. with sb. 了解share作名词的用法。与某人分享/合用某物 (12) be full of 满是 辨析be full of及be filled with。(13) of ones own 属于某人自己的 辨析of ones own及on ones own。(14) take a message 稍个口信 掌握其在电话用语中的用法。(15) at the foot of 在的脚下 掌握at the of的其他短语。 2重点交际句式及句型(1)-Would you like to live in ?你愿意住在里吗？ -No, Id

4、like to live next to 不，我想住在隔壁。(2)-May I speak to , please?请找接电话？ -This is Whos calling, please?我是。你是谁啊？(3) -Can I take a message?我可以稍个口信吗？ -Yes, please.可以，请！(4) Can you ask him to call me back? 你可以请他给我回个电话吗？(5) I live on the first/ninthfloor. 我住在一楼/九楼(6) I often invite my friends to 我经常邀请我的朋友去(7) It

5、 is great fun. 这是有乐趣的事儿。 3重点语法 掌握基数词与序数词的构成及用法。 4表达 用本单元所学的重点词汇、句型和语法内容写一篇介绍自己现在的或理想中家园的短文，要渗透出爱家的喜悦之情。 5. 语音 了解单词重音的读音规则。学法指津1让我们在课前准备一定数量的物品，课上通过数数和排放顺序，学习基数词和序数词。2你常常上网吗？让我们通过网络了解国外人们家园的特点，再学习本单元中人们理想的家园。3你对身边人们的家园情况知多少？让我们开展社区居民家园的调查活动，并用英文制作调查表格，做好调查记录或用你手中的DV机拍下你感兴趣的某个家园，培养自己的社会实践活动能力，并为学习本单元作

6、铺垫。探究俱乐部与你探究词语辨析一读通1town taun n. 镇、城镇in town 在镇上 look around the town参观小镇He was born in a little town near Nanjing. 他出生在南京附近的一个小镇里。【解析】town/city town意为“城镇”，指比village(村庄)大，比city小的市镇。常作countryside(农村)的相对用语。city意为“城市，都市”，一般指大而重要的城市。如：There are many cities in England. 英国有许多城市。注意：习惯用法中，city前面用定冠词the, 而to

7、wn前面则不用。如：Well go to the city. 我们将进城去。Well go to town. 我们将进城去。2. country kntri n. 国家；农村a country 国家 the country 乡村 live in the country 住在乡下Which country are you from? 你来自哪个国家？The country is very beautiful in yellow autumn. 金色的秋天，乡下很美丽。【解析】country, nation及state三词均有“国家”之意，区别如下：country表示地理概念，侧重“疆土”，指一个

8、国家的整个区域。如：The song was popular all over the country.这首歌在全国非常流行。nation侧重“人民”，指一个独立政府领导下的全国国民和民族。如：The whole nation is up in arms. 全国人民都武装起来了。state侧重“政权，政体”，一般指政府或国家体制等方面的概念。如：The state provides free education for children. 国家为孩子提供免费的教育。注意：country与countryside都有“乡村”之意，countryside泛指一切乡村，而country强调区别于城镇的

9、乡村。可作定语，如：country music 乡村音乐3. capital kpitl n. 首都，首府（省会），大写字母；资本the capital of the UK 英国的首都 write the letter in capital 大写这个字母Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu. 南京是江苏的省会。4. mile mail n. 英里5 miles from the city 离城市5英里， walk a few miles every day 每天步行几英里My ho

10、me is only half a mile away from my school, so I walk there every day.我家离学校只有半英里，所以我每天步行上学。注意：a mile=1.069 kilometres5. centre sent n. 中心（英） center（美）in the centre of 在中心 the centre of a circle 圆心 The building is in the centre of the city. 那座建筑物位于市中心。【解析】centre及middlecentre指某种有确定边缘或形状的“正中”，如圆或方形的中心点

11、，也可指活动、重要性、影响等方面的“中心”，还可借喻指政治、经济、文化等的“中心”。如：Broadway is the theatrical centre of the United States. 百老汇大街是美国的戏剧艺术中心。Middle既可用于空间，又可用于时间；既可指与物体两端或四周边缘差不多等距离的中央或中心部分，也可指一段时间或行动始末的中间部分。如：In the middle of the park there is a big tree. 公园中央有一颗高树。I came in the middle of the night. 我半夜来的。6. own un adj. 自己的

12、 vt. 拥有，所有 (1)作形容词，用在所有格或代词的后面，以加强语气，意为“自己的”。如：I saw it with my own eyes. 我亲跟看见的。This bike is my own. 这辆自行车是我自己的。(2) 作动词，意为“有；拥有”。如：He used to own a lot of houses. 他曾拥有许多房子。My father owns a small farm. 我父亲拥有一座小型农场。注意：owner为名词，意为“所有人；物主”。of ones own 某人自己的，自己做的；on ones own 独立地，独自地7. grow ru vt.种植vi.生长

13、；渐渐变得 作及物动词，意为“种，种植”；作不及物动词，意为“生长，成长”；作系动词，意为“逐渐变得，逐渐成为”。如：Grandpa grows vegetables in the garden every year. 爷爷每年在花园里种蔬菜。Tomatoes grow best in direct sunlight. 西红柿在阳光能直接照射的地方长得最好。The skies grew dark and it began to rain. 天渐渐黑了，又下起雨来。 含grow的短语有：grow up 长大；grow into 逐渐成长为等。8. over uv prep. 超过，越过；在上方；

14、adj. 结束的. over 20 years old 二十多岁（over=more than） over the river 在河上面 over there 在那边 go over 复习 look over 从上面看过去，检查There are over sixty students in my class. 我班有60多个学生。Put a piece of cloth over the table. 在桌子上放块布。The film was over. 电影结束了。9. double dbl adj.双的；两倍的；复式的；n.两倍, 双打 v. 加倍double room 双人间 wome

15、ns doubles 女子双打 do double work 做双份工作My income is double yours. 我的收入是你的两倍。The price of houses doubled last year. 去年房价涨了两倍。10. invite invait vt.邀请 invite sb. to sp. 邀请某人去某地 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事invite sb. for dinner 邀请某人吃饭The college invited him to give a speech to their students. 那所大学邀请他给学生们演

16、讲。Tom wantec to invite his girl friend to his new home. 汤姆想邀请女朋友到自己的新家作客。11. stay stei vt.& vi.停留；停止vi.继续处于某种状态n.逗留stay at home 呆在家里 stay healthy 保持健康 stay up 熬夜 stay away 远离during my stay in Beijing 我在北京的逗留期间I always like to stay in the study at weekends. 我周末总是喜欢呆在书房里。12. next to紧邻；在近旁；仅次于Who sits

17、next to you ? 谁坐在你旁边？Tom lives next to me. 汤姆住在我家隔壁。Jims classroom is next to ours. 吉姆的教室在我们的隔壁。Next to Mary, I like you the most. 除了玛丽外，我最喜欢你。13. share sth. with sb. 与某人分享（合用）某物Will you share your pen with me? 我与你合用你的笔好吗？We share a toilet with our neighbour. 我们家和邻居合用卫生间。Lets share the last cake, yo

18、u have half and Ill have half. 咱们分了最后一块蛋糕吧，你一半，我一半。13. be full of 充满，满是The street is full of people. 满街都是人。The basket is full of apples. 篮子里满是苹果。【解析】be full of及be filled with两者都有“充满，装满”的意思，区别是：be full of侧重于状态，be filled with侧重于动作和装满的东西。如：The basket is filled with apples by the old man. 篮子里被老太太装满了苹果。1

19、4. some day 将来有一天，总有一天I will be successful some day, you watch. 总有一天我成功的，你看着吧。I hope to visit the USA some day. 我希望有朝一日去美国。Some day, hell find out. 总有一天，他会明白的.注意：some day也可写作someday，这里some 表示“某个”，而不是“一些”。15. take a message 稍个口信, 传个话Will you take this message for my mother?请把这个消息告诉我妈妈好吗？Leave a messa

20、ge on my answer phone please. 请在我的电话答录机上留言。16. call sb. back 回电话call sb.=give sb. a call 给打电话 call on sb. 拜访某人，号召Please call me back at six oclock. 请在六点钟给我回个电话。I got a call from my parents. 我接到了父母的电话。17. at the foot of 在的脚下at the foot of the hill 小山脚下 at the foot of the big tree 大树脚下at the age of 在岁

21、的时候 at the beginning of 在开始的时候at the foot of page 页脚At the foot of the hill there were some sheep eating grass. 小山脚下有些羊在吃草。18Would you like to live in a palace ? 你想住在宫殿里吗？句中would like sth/to do sth. 意为“想要/想要做什么”。如：I would like a cup of coffee.=I want a cup of coffee. 我想要一杯咖啡。They would like to share

22、 a room. =They want to share a room. 他们想要共住一间房间。Would you like ? 表示邀请、请求或抱怨。如：-Would you like to come to dinner tomorrow ?-Yes, thank you. -明天你来吃饭，好吗？-好，谢谢您。-Would you like to clear the table ? -Okay .-你收拾一下桌子好吗？-行。-Would you like to turn that music down ? -Yes, sorry. -你把那音乐的声音调低一点儿好吗？-可以，对不起。Would

23、 like sb.to do sth. 想让某人去做某事。如：Id like you to wash the shoes for me. 我想让你帮我洗鞋子。19. Whos speaking , please? 请问你是谁？ 这是打电话的常用语，在用英语打电话时，询问对方或说自己时都不直接用you或I。如：-Whos that ? / Whos calling ? 你是谁？-This is Ann speaking. / Ann speaking. Im calling from 我是安。我从打电话来。20. It is great fun. 这是件挺有趣的事。句中fun为不可数名词，意为“

24、乐趣、娱乐”，fun的短语有：have fun 玩得开心，make fun of 取笑，开玩笑 for fun 开玩笑地 如：We had a lot of fun in your birthday party. 我们在你的生日晚会上玩得很开心。难句讲析一译通1My family and I often sit there and enjoy a cup of tea.我常和家人一起坐在那儿喝杯茶。句中my family and I 意为“我和我的家人”。英文的表达与中文正好相反；“我和”有英文表达是：and I ，即第一人称I要后置，同时注意如果跟在介词后面I要变成me。如：Jim and

25、I are good friends. 我和吉姆是好朋友。This is for Sandy and me. 这是给我和桑迪的。注意：英国人习惯在下午或傍晚时喝茶，并吃些三明治，饼干或甜点。2. I love to sit there and look out at the beach and the sea.我喜爱坐在那儿，朝外看海滩和大海。look out 意为“向外看”；而“从往外看”则用look out of 。如：look out of the window朝窗外看，look out of the door朝门外看look out 还有“小心、注意”的意思，相当于“be carefu

26、l”。如：Dont look out of the window in class. 上课时不要朝窗外看！Look out ! Here comes the car. 小心！ 汽车来了！常用的含有look的词组有：look at 看，注视；look around环顾四周；look over 仔细检查；look up 抬头看，查字典；look forward to sth. (doing)sth.盼望，期望；look like 看起来像；look for 寻找，等等。3. I also have a bedroom of my own, but it is not very big. 我也有一间

27、属于自己的卧室，但不太大。 句中a bedroom of my own相当于my own bedroom。短语of ones own意为“属于某人自己的”。如：I need a study of my own very much. 我非常需要一间属于我自己的书房。3. There is always more than enough food there. 那儿总是有很多很多的食物。句中more than enough意为“足够多，太多”。如：Sorry, Miss Li, Your homework for us is more than enough. 对不起，李老师，您留给我们的作业足够

28、多了。语法分析一点通 基数词与序数词表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫做数词(numbers)。数词有两种。表示数目多少的数词叫做基数词(cardinal numbers), 如：one, ten, fifty-two等。表示顺序先后的数词叫做序数词(ordinal numbers), 如first, tenth, fiftieth等。1基数词(1) 1319，皆由39加后缀-teen构成。(注意：thirteen, fifteen, eighteen的拼法) (2) 2090等十位数均由29加后缀-ty构成。 (注意：twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty的拼法)

29、 (3) 2129由十位数20加个位数19构成，中间须有连字符“-”, 其它的十位数照此类推。(4) 百位数由19加hundred构成，如包含十位数及个位数，中间用and连接，也可以不用；如只包含个位数，即十位数为零时，则and不可省。 (5) 千位数由19加thousand构成，其后的百、十、个位数构成方法同前。如： a (one) thousand one hundred (and)forty-nine 1,149 (此处hundred之前不可用a) (6) 英语里没有“万”这一单位，万也用thousand表示。如： ten thousand 10, 000。 （7）hundred, th

30、ousand 是数词，原则上没有复数形式，即400说four hundred , 但表示不确定的数目时以复数形式出现。如：hundreds of 数百的，thousands of 数千的。 （8）表示“几十”的数词，其复数形式可以表示年龄或年代。如：in his twenties 在他二十多岁时；in the 1980s 二十世纪八十年代。 (9) 一些习惯用法：in twos and threes 三三两两的。2序数词(1) 英语序数词第119除first，second与third有特殊形式外，其余均由基数词加后缀-th构成。(2) 十位数的序数词的构成方法是：先将十位数的基数词的词尾ty中

31、的y变为i，然后加后缀-eth。如： twentieth 20th 。 (3) 十位数的序数词如包含19的个位数时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，中间须有连字符“-”。如： twenty-first 21st 。 (4) 百、千、万等的序数词由hundred, thousand等加-th，前面加有关的基数词构成。如：(one) hundredth 100th 。(5) 多位数序数词的后位数如包含19时，后位数用序数词，前位数同基数词，中间出现零时，须用and连接。如： two hundred and first 201st （6）基数词变为序数词的口诀：一二三，特殊记(first , sec

32、ond, third)：ve要用f替（five-fifth, twelve-twelfth），eight 去t, nine去e（eight-eighth, nine-ninth），ty改成tie（thirty-thirtieth），最后th通通加上去。要是遇上几十几，只变个位就可以（twenty-first）。表达剖析一解通一、洋腔洋调。 1. 根据中文提供的情景，用英文问两个wh-问题。 （1）尼尔最喜欢他家的厨房，他和家人常在那儿喝茶。 （2）安娜的家在七楼，她和妹妹合住一个卧室。 （3）斯蒂芬住在洛杉矶的一栋大房子里，这栋房子有八个房间。2. 跟着录音模仿朗读以下短文。 I live w

33、ith my parents in a small town. Our flat is on the third floor. There are three bedrooms, one sitting room, one kitchen and one bathroom. My bedroom has a big window. There is a garden near our building, so I can see the flowers and trees in the garden from my bedroom window. Our flat is not far awa

34、y from my school. I walk to school every day.二、下笔成章。本单元重点介绍了居住在不同国家人们的住处的不同，如果你也想写一篇你“梦想中的家”的短文，请按照如下步骤写作： 1. 审题 这样的短文常常只给出题目或写作要求，不给出提示语。如：以My dream home为题写一篇短文，可自由发挥。要求层次清楚，意义连贯，语句通顺。这样的试题同学们就可以不受约束，展开丰富的想像力，描绘出自己所憧憬的家园。 2写作要点 （1）要紧扣主题来写，紧紧围绕My dream home。 （2）详略得当，应有重点地描写，抓住两三处重点地方进行详细的描写，不必一一描绘，如

35、果那样就太琐碎，读起来也没意思。 （3） 要注意按照一定顺序描写，我们可以按照从上至下的顺序或从左到右的顺序，切忌顺序混乱，使得短文条理不清。 3组织句子 正确使用词语与句型，句与句之间注意连贯，过渡自然流畅。范文选读（A）（基础）My dream home My dream home is very beautiful. It is a two-floor building. In my family, everyone has his or her own room. The rooms are big and on the first floor. On the ground floor

36、, there is a big sitting room and dining room. At the weekend , my friends and I like having a party in the sitting room. We often enjoy ourselves in the party. We have a beautiful garden. Can you guess where is the garden? It is on the top of the building. Isnt it interesting? I enjoy reading and w

37、alking in the garden. There are so many flowers in it. The flowers smell sweet. In the garden, there is a swimming pool. The swimming pool isnt big but its my favourite place. When I am tired to study, I can swim there. How fun it is! I think it is a good way to relax myself. I am very happy to live

38、 in such a house. It is a nice home. I am sure it will become true in the future. (B)（提升）My Dream Home Everyone has his own dreams, so do I. Someone dreams of becoming tycoon and some others want to have a good job or travel all over the world. So what about me? My answer is simple. My only dream is

39、 to have my own house. Isnt it simple? What is my dream home like? Well, it is not too small or too big, two floors with a garden is just what I want. At the garden, roses and tulips are everywhere. A dog is lying there and enjoying the sunshine. Inside my home, there is a bright sitting room with l

40、ots of soft sofas for me to sit on. And of course you can see a piece of beautiful carpet on the floor. The colour of curtains in the sitting room should be yellow like lemon. This bright colour will make you feel good and cheerful after a tiring day. Kitchen is near the dinning room so its easy for

41、 me to cook food and put them on the table. After enjoying a delicious meal, I can go upstairs to my bedroom. In my bedroom, the whole colour is blue that can make you calm and fall asleep quickly. And a comfortable bed is necessary. It is my favourite place where I can read, do my homework or play

42、computer. Outside the bedroom, there is a very big balcony. I can put a small table with some chairs there. On a sunny day, my friends and relatives can come here, chatting with each other happily, drinking cups of orange juice or coffee and having a nice barbecue. Everybody will enjoy himself or he

43、rself at my home. This is my dream home, nice, clean and comfortable. I love it and I hope you will love it, too.助你解题1根据中文提示，写出句中所缺单词（南京中考）Cindy told me it was her _（第二）time to visit Jiangxinzhou Islet during Grape Festival.导析 句中意为“第二次”参观，故用序数词second。2词性转换（恩施中考）He is going to celebrate his _(forty)

44、birthday this Saturday.导析句意为“他准备这个周六庆祝自己的四十岁生日”，故用forty序数词fortieth.3. 单项选择（锦州中考）More than two_years ago, people knew little about the universe.A. thousands B. thousand C. thousand of D. thousands of导析句意为“两千多年前，人们对宇宙了解的很少。”thousand, hundred, million 前有了具体的数字不加s, thousands of 意为“成千上万的”。答案为：B.4. 句子翻译（扬

45、州中考） 你为什么不学会与你的家人分担烦恼呢？ _your family member? 导析 “和某人分担”用share sth. with sb. 答案为：Why dont you learn to share your worries with。5用中文翻译： I would like all my friends to have a shower or a bath at the same time. 导析 这是would like sb.to do sth. 句式，意为“想让某人去做某事。”have a shower 意思为“淋浴”, have a bath 意思为“洗澡”，at the same time 意思为“同时”。答案为：我想让我所有的朋友能同时淋浴或洗澡。6用所给数词的适当形式填空。 (1) He doesnt look old in his _ (fifty).(2) _(thousand) of people are traveling in the beautiful place. 导析 本题也考查数词的用法。题(1) 用基数词的复数形式表达年龄，fifties。 题(2)中有of, 所以of前的thousand应加s,意为“许许多多”。7改错 河上有座桥。 There is a bridge on the river. 导析 on, o