2018届高考英语一轮复习教案:语法填空第三讲 名词和主谓一致
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1、1 第三讲 名词和主谓一致 Part 真题变式体验 12015安徽高考There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some _ (think) and then let me know. 答案:thought 考查名词。句意:现在没有必要把你的答案告诉我。考虑一下,然后 告诉我。give sth. some thought 意为“考虑” 。thought 为 think 的名词形式。 22015浙江高考One of the most effective ways to reduce _ (anxious) is to talk ab
2、out feelings with someone you trust. 答案:anxiety 考查名词。根据句意可知此处表示减压/焦虑。句意:减少压力最有效 的方法是和你信任的人谈论一下感受。 32015湖南高考It is important to remember that success_ (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often_ (take) years to achieve. 答案:is; takes 考查主谓一致。that 引导的宾语从句的主语是 success 为单数,两空是 并列谓语,故都用单数。 42015福建高
3、考China Daily attracts a worldwide readership, which _ (show) that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 答案:shows 考查主谓一致。定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词的单复数形式一致,先 行词是 China Daily 为单数,故填 shows。 52015湖北高考He gave himself a new name to hide his _(identify) when he went to carry out the secret
4、 task. 答案:identity 句意:当他去执行这项秘密任务时,他给自己取了个新名字以掩盖他 的身份。由句意可知,空处应用名词 identity 表示“身份” 。 62014湖南高考All we need _ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. 答案:is 根据题干可知 all 指代的是 a small piece of land,所以谓语动词要用单数形式, 整句话的语境为一般现在时,故填
5、 is。句意:我们所需要的就是一小片土地,我们可以在一 年中播种的季节里在那儿种植各类果树。 72013江苏高考Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ (be) essential to their development. 答案 : is 根据句式结构,考查主谓一致。名词后有 with 短语时,谓语动词取决于 with 前面的词,故用单数 is。句意:一般来说,学生们的内在动机多来自于他人的高期望值,这 对他们的发展很重要。 82013江西高考Whenever I made mista
6、kes, the teacher pointed them out with _ (patient) 答案:patience “介词名词” ,故应填写 patient 的名词形式。句意:无论何时我犯错 误,老师都会耐心地指出来。 92013天津高考While she was in Paris, she developed a _ (tasty) for fine art. 答案:taste 考查名词构词法,空前是冠词,可知此处应填名词,故填 taste。句意:在 2 巴黎期间,她培养了对艺术的兴趣。 102013湖南高考The university estimates that living
7、expenses for international students _ (be) around $8,450 a year, which is a burden for some of them. 答案:are 考查主谓一致,宾语从句中句子的主语是 living expenses 为复数,故谓语动 词应用复数。整句用一般现在时,故填 are。 Part 语篇真题演练 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 2015广东高考Mr Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned
8、_16_ farm, which looked almost abandoned. _17_ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby _18_ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what _19_(leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One da
9、y, the cow was eating grass _20_ it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she _21_ (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living _22_ the cow. In order to support his family, Mr Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a whil
10、e to grow, he started cutting down trees _23_ (sell) the wood. Thinking about his childrens clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _24_ people from the towns met regularly. Now it occurred to_25_ that his fa
11、rm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. Step 1:通读全文,掌握主旨大意。 本文讲述的是 Johnson 先生和家人住在树林中,他有一个看着几乎荒芜的农场,幸好他 有一头奶牛。可是有一天牛死了,奶牛的死会给一家带来什么变化呢? Step 2:逐题解答,确定答案。 16a。根据空格位置在动词与可数名词单数之间可知,考查冠词。 17Luckily。位于句首的空格用逗号隔开,可知考查副词修饰整个句子。 18for。从整句话分析,此处考查介词且与 exchange 构成固定搭配。 19was_le
12、ft。连词后面没有谓语,故考查谓语,注意考虑时态语态和主谓一致。 20when。在两个句子中间的空格应考查连词用法,此处为固定句式。 3 21.fell。在主谓之后,且该句无谓语,可知此题考查谓语动词,与 died 并列。 22without。根据空格的位置和语意,可知此处考查介词。 23to_sell。该句中已有谓语且无连词,可知此处填非谓语,根据语义可知此处表目的。 24where。空前后均是句子,故应填连词,且位于名词之后,可考虑定语从句的关联 词。 25him。根据句式分析,此处考查固定句子“It occurs to sb. that.”。 Step 3:代入验证。 需考虑语法结构正确
13、且语义符合逻辑,语法结合语义才能确保万无一失。 知识 清单 (1)名词常见后缀(第 一讲);(2)名词的数; (3)抽象名词具体化; (4)主谓一致的几种常 见情况。 学情 分析 考生在名词和主谓一 致的学习中存在以下 几个问题:(1)名词的 数是考生在运用语言 时常被忽视的问题, 需刻意提高“数”的 意识;(2)主谓一致情 况较多,造成部分学 生在使用时混用,同 时也忽视了主语核心 词,造成主谓不一致 ; (3)语法规则能熟练记 忆, 但不能准确运用, 缺少谓语与主语一致 的意识。 考点一 名词的数 1 名词的单复数 (1)不可数名词 不可数名词一般没有复数形式, 如果需要表示多少, 通常要
14、用 “a/an表数量的词of 名词”来表示。通常抽象名词与物质名词都是不可数名词。常见的不可数名词有: 物质名词:ice, coffee, soup, grass, cloth(布料), clothing, iron, food, bread 等。 抽象名词:advice, experience(经验), courage, fun, childhood, knowledge 等。 (2)名词复数的变化 规则变化 种类 变化 例词 一般情况 词尾加s bookbooks,penpens 4 以s,x,ch,sh 结尾 词尾加es busbuses,benchbenches, boxboxes,d
15、ishdishes, 但stomach例外, 其后直接加s 以“辅音字母y”结尾 变 y 为 i 后加es familyfamilies, citycities 以“元音字母y”结尾 词尾加s keykeys, boyboys 多数变 f 或 fe 为 v 后加es leafleaves,wifewives, knifeknives 以f 或fe 结尾 少数词尾加s chiefchiefs, roofroofs, beliefbeliefs 续表 种类 变化 例词 词尾加es heroheroes, potatopotatoes, tomatotomatoes, NegroNegroes 以字
16、母o 结尾 词尾加s photophotos, kilokilos, pianopianos 以sis 结尾的 外来词 变 sis 为 ses basisbases, analysisanalyses, crisiscrises 不规则变化 种类 例词 单复数 同形 deer, sheep, Chinese, aircraft, means, series, species, headquarters 单数形式 复数意义 people,police,cattle 复数形式 单数意义 news,physics,politics 合成词 变复数 passerbypassersby,soninlaw
17、sonsinlaw, lookeronlookerson, gobetweengobetweens, grownupgrownups 词形变化 manmen,childchildren,toothteeth, footfeet, mousemice, mediummedia 5 2 特殊情况下名词复数的用法 有些名词在使用时总是用其复数形式,如 : thanks,authorities(当局),possessions(财产), clothes,congratulations,goods(商品),works(作品,著作),shoes,trousers,manners(礼貌) 等。 有些固定短语要
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