2018届高考英语一轮复习教案:语法填空第五讲 非谓语动词
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1、1 第五讲 非谓语动词 Part 真题变式体验 12015福建高考_ (learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. 答案:To learn 根据句式分析,该题有一个谓语,且无连词,故应填非谓语,根据句 意可知此处表目的,故填 To learn。 22015江苏高考Much time _ (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health p
2、roblems. 答案:spent 根据句式分析,该题只有一个谓语,且无连词,尽管前半句很长,但也 应填非谓语,“spend”与“much time”之间为被动关系,故填过去分词 spent。 32015天津高考_ (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. 答案:Having worked 根据句子结构,此处为非谓语动词作状语结构,句子主语 “Steve”为“work”的逻辑主语,两者为主动关系,且“work”表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前, 故用现在分词的完成式,即 Having worked。 4
3、2015安徽高考_ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. 答案:Ignoring 该句中的谓语是“will be”,而其前的部分应为句子的主语,因此此题 考查动名词作主语结构,“ignore”与谓语动词之间没有明显的前后顺序,故填 Ignoring。 52015陕西高考Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa, Dr Lee was very happy to see his
4、mother_ (take) good care of at home. 答案:taken 考查“感官动词宾语宾补”结构,其中“take”与“his mother”之间为被 动关系,故应填 taken。 62015重庆高考_(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. 答案:Raised 分析句式可以看出,该题考查非谓语动词作状语结构,raise 的逻辑主语 是句子主语 he,两者之间为被动关系,故填 Raised。 72014湖南高考Children,
5、 when _ (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. 答案:accompanied本题考查非谓语动词作状语。主语“children”与“accompany”之间为 逻 辑 上 的 被 动 关 系 。 “when accompanied by their parents” 相 当 于 when children are accompanied by their parents,故答案为 accompanied。句意:当孩子被其父母陪伴时,他们 才被允许进入这个运动场。 82014天津高考Anxiously,
6、 she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _ (find) it didnt fit. 答案 : to find 本题考查非谓语动词作状语。根据语境可知,此处考查“only动词不定 式”表示出乎意料的结果。所以答案为 to find。句意:她急切地从袋子里取出那条连衣裙试 穿了一下,结果发现它不合身。 2 9 2014 北京高考The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _ (recognize) 答案 : being
7、recognized本题考查非谓语动词。 “without”为介词, 后接动词的动名词形式, “recognize”与“he”为逻辑上的被动关系,故答案为 being recognized。句意:那个电影明星戴 着太阳镜,因此,他可以在不被认出的情况下去购物。 102014北京高考There are still many problems _ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 答案 : to be solved本题考查非谓语动词作定语。 根据句意可知 “这些问题还未解决” , “to be solved”既表被动又
8、表示将来,故答案为 to be solved。句意:在我们准备好在月球上长久 停留之前,仍然还有许多问题有待解决。 Part 语篇真题演练 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 2014 课 标 全 国 卷 One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _41_(be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _42_ some of them looked very anxious and _43
9、_(disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next _44_ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike _45_ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refus
10、ed_46_(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept_47_ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “_48_ anyone lose
11、 a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! Its _49_ (I)” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers _50_ (sudden) became friendly to one another. Step 1:通读全文,掌握
12、主旨大意。 本文讲述的是一件小事改变了人们对彼此的态度。 Step 2:逐题解答,确定答案。 41being。“worried about”表示担忧,介词后面应该跟名词或动名词。 42and。空前为句子,空后亦是句子,由此判断中间需填连词。 43 disappointed。 and 连接两个并列的成分, 前面 anxious 为形容词可知答案。 disappoint 的形容词有两个,应填 disappointed,修饰人。 44to。根据语义此处应为固定短语表示“紧挨着窗户” 。 45caught。此处所在的句子中没出现谓语,故应填动词的时态,根据全篇时态,故可 知答案。 46to_stop。
13、refuse 后面应跟动词的不定式。 47riding。keep 后面应该跟动词的ing 形式作宾语。 48Did。根据句式结构此处应填助动词,根据语境可知答案。 49me/mine。根据上文中的问题,此处填代词的宾格或名词性物主代词作表语。 3 50suddenly。根据结构可知,此处修饰动词 became,应用副词。 Step 3:代入验证。 需考虑语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑,语法结合语义才能确保万无一失。 知识 清单 (1)非谓语动词的基本 形式及含义;(2)非谓 语动词作定语的结构 及用法;(3)非谓语动 词作宾补的结构及用 法;(4)非谓语动词作 状语的结构及用法; (5)非谓语动词
14、作主语、 宾语和表语的用法; (6)非谓语动词使用中 存在的问题分析。 学情 分析 考生对非谓语动词的 学习存在以下问题: (1)句子结构不清,造 成谓语与非谓语分辨 不清 ; (2)受汉语影响, 某些汉语理解与英语 动词形式不一致时, 出现很多错误,如 satisfied,理解为主动 意义,但其形式表示 被动含义 ; (3)解题时, 思路混乱,不按解题 思路去做,导致错误 频出。 非谓语动词不同形式的构成及含义如图表: 非谓语动词 形式 意义 一般式:to do 将要发生或发生在谓语动词后 进行式:to be doing 谓语发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行 或与谓语同时发生 不定式 完成式
15、:to have done 发生在谓语动词之前或已经发生 to be done 被动、将来 不定式 to have been done 被动、发生在谓语动词之前 一般式:doing 与谓语动词同时发生或动作正在进行 动词ing 形式 完成式:having done 发生在谓语动词之前或已经发生 being done 被动、进行 动词ing 形式 having been done 被动、发生在谓语动词之前 过去分词 done 被动、完成 注意:1having been done 与 done 作状语时没有明显区别,可以互换,但 having been done 不能作定语和宾补,强调时间先后。,
16、 2不及物动词的过去分词,只表示完成,不表示被动,如,fallen leaves 落叶。, 4 3有时过去分词只表示被动而不强调时间性。 The boy was running along the street, followed by a dog. 这个男孩正在街道上跑,后面跟着一只狗。 Having eaten at the Cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there again. Tina 以前在这个自助餐厅吃过以后,再也不想去那儿吃了。 考点一 非谓语动词作定语 1 不定式作定语 不定式作定语,通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后,与所修饰的
17、词之间构成主谓、动宾 或同位关系。 (1)常被不定式修饰的名词有:chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity 等,常表同 位关系。 He had no chance to go to school before liberation.(同位关系) 解放前他没有上学的机会。 Do you have the ability to read and write in English.(同位关系) 你有英语读写的能力吗? (2)由序数词修饰,再被非谓语修饰时,一般用不定式作定语,表主谓关系。 She likes to listen to Mr Li
18、s lessons, so she is always the first student to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系) 她喜欢听李先生的课,所以她总是第一个来最后一个走的学生。 (3)在表示有要做的事情时,通常用不定式作定语,不定式与被修饰词之间为被动关系。 Do you have anything to be typed, sir? No, thanks. 先生,你有东西要打印吗? 没有,谢谢。 There is a lot of work to do. 有许多活要干。 注意:(1)在该用法中,使用不定式的主动形式强调动作由句子主语发出;使用被动
19、形 式则强调动作由别人来做:(3)中打印的动作不是句子主语 you 发出,故用被动形式。 Error! (2)若不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则要在该动词后加适当的介词。如: I have no pen to write with. 我没有写字用的笔。 2 动词ing 形式作定语 (1)动词ing 形式的主动式(doing)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系, 表 示该动作的主动和进行。 Recently a survey comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused a heat
20、ed debate among citizens. 近来一个把两个不同商场同类商品价格做一比较的调查引发了市民的激烈讨论。 5 (2)动词ing 形式的一般被动式(being done)作定语与所修饰名词之间存在逻辑上的被动 关系,表示该动作的被动和进行。 The houses being built are for the teachers. 正在建的那些房子是给老师们的。 (3)动词ing 形式作定语相当于一个定语从句, 强调经常性状态或动作的进行。 单个词要 前置,短语要后置。 John has really got the job because he showed me the of
21、ficial letter offering him it.(定语 从句 John.the official letter which/that offers him it.) 约翰的确得到了这份工作,因为他给我看了提供他工作的正式信函。 3 动词ed 形式作定语 动词ed 形式(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在被动关系,并表示该动作的 被动或完成。 Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 建于 1911 年的清华大学是无数杰出人物的摇篮。 The q
22、uestion discussed(which was discussed) yesterday is important. 昨天讨论的问题是重要的。 注意:作定语的不及物动词的分词形式:doing 和 done。doing 表示正在进行;done 表 示已经完成。 boiling water 正在沸腾的水 boiled water 开水 developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家 典例 1 2016江苏扬州质检The deal,_(complete) next week, will allow Charney to make a g
23、reat fortune in the stock market. 解析 to be completed 根据 next week 可知,“complete”将要发生,修饰“the deal”, 两者构成被动关系,故填 to be completed。 典例 2 2016浙江重点中学适应测试二People tend to love agricultural products _ (grow)without the use of fertilizers, pesticides or chemical additives. 解析 grown 根据句式结构可以看出,空格作定语修饰 products,
24、“grow”与 “products”之间为被动关系且已经发生,故填过去分词。 典例 3 2016安徽合肥质检一My thanks should go to those _ (inspire) me to go ahead and giving me support as well. 解析 inspiring 考查非谓语作定语,此处 inspire 与 those 之间构成主动关系,并且 与 giving 并列,故填 inspiring。 考点二 非谓语动词作宾补 1 常见的非谓语动词作宾补的结构:“动词宾语宾补” ,而在考查过程中,经常见 到的一种结构是其被动结构“be done to do”
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