2018届高考英语一轮复习教案：选修7 Unit 21 Human Biology

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1、1 话题素材 好词 1lowcarbon adj. 低碳的 2severely adv. 严重地 3healthy adj. 健康的 4balanced adj. 均衡的 5keep away from 远离 6take_it_easy 别着急；慢慢来；不要慌 7a majority of 大多数 8save energy 节约能源 9as_follows 如下 10in no time 立刻 11on condition that 条件是 12protect.against 保护免受 13run out 用完 佳句 1Nothing is more precious than you kee

2、p fit. 再也没有什么比你保持健康更珍贵了。 2No_matter_how often they turn up, their welcome never wears out. 不管他们多久露面一次，都永远那么受欢迎。 3According_to my personal experience, neither you nor I am unlikely to persuade him to deal with the matter immediately. 根据我的个人经验，你和我都不可能说服他马上处理这件事。 精美语篇 It is said that sports is an impor

3、tant form of life. Sports can help everyone keep healthy, enrich our life and maintain our psychological health, and help us relax after a period of exhausting work. A person who often takes exercise is always full of energy. Sports can also make people look younger than they really are. Whats more,

4、 it produces chances to train our intelligence. Because we think actively when we do exercise. My participation in sports tells me that sports can make us healthy both physically and psychologically. It is also a good way for people to know each other and can promote friendship between people. So lo

5、ng as we are careful enough, sports can do us nothing but good. Personally, I love sports. I enjoy participating in sports. I feel that I not only gain a 2 wellbalanced life through sports, but also get more chances to move closer to nature. Sports have really added happiness to my daily life. 高频单词

6、1tolerate (vt.) 容忍tolerant (adj.) 容忍的；宽容的tolerance (n.) 容忍；忍受 2fundamental (adj.) 根本的，基础的 3seek (vt.) 寻找seeker (n.) 寻找者；追求者 4oppose (vt.) 反对opposition (n.) 反方；对立面opposite (adj.) 相反的；对面的 opposed (adj.) 反对的 5violate (vt.) 违反；违背violent (adj.) 猛烈的violence (n.) 暴力 6postpone (vt.) 推迟，延期 7prohibit (vt.) 禁止

7、prohibition (n.) 禁止 8faith (n.) 信心faithful (adj.) 忠诚的；忠实的faithfully (adv.) 忠诚地 9rob (vt.) 使丧失；抢劫robber (n.) 强盗robbery (n.) 盗窃 10decline (vi.) 下降 (n.)减少；下降；衰减 11minimum (n.) 最低，最小maximum (n.) 最高，最大 12equip (vt.) 使有准备equipment (n.) 设备；装备 13fortune (n.) 大笔钱财，巨款；运气fortunate (adj.) 幸运的fortunately (adv.)

8、幸 运地 14enquiry (n.) 询问enquire (vt.) 询问；调查 15submit (vt.) 提交submission (n.) 提交 16extension (n.) 延期extend (v.) 延长 17concern (n.) 担心；担忧concerned (adj.) 关心的；担忧的concerning (prep.) 关 于；有关 18circumstance (n.) 情形；情况 重点短语 1at_all_costs 不管多大代价；无论如何 2straight_away 立刻；马上 3in_vain 徒然；白费力气 4at_random 随便地；随意地 5wip

9、e_out 彻底消失 6stop_sth._in_its_tracks 终止；消灭 7at_any_rate 无论如何；至少 8bring up 教育；养育；呕吐；引述 9go through 经历；通过 10put off 推迟 11get down to 开始做 12get through 通过(考试等)；完成 3 13focus on 聚集；集中；对准 14for good (and all) 长期地；永远地 15miss out 遗漏；遗忘；错过机会 热点句型 1if 引导状语从句用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的假设 Many contemporary amateur athlete

10、s would_have_broken_world_ records_if_they_had_taken_part_in the first Olympic Games.(教材 P34) 许多当代的业余运动员如果参加了首届奥运会，他们会打破很多项世界纪录的。 2rather than 是一个并列连词，表示“而不是” The Olympic spirit the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather_than winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at al

11、l costs.(教材 P34) 人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。 3It isadj.to do sth. 句式 Unfortunately, it_is_not_easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs. (教材 P34) 不幸的是，要检查出运动员服用违禁药物是不容易的。 4have sth. done 结构 In the future, athletes who have_their_genes_changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8

12、 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.(教材 P34) 将来， 改变基因的运动员有可能创下 8 秒跑完 100 米的纪录或不到两小时跑完马拉松的 记录。 5sb. /sth. be believed to.为固定结构，意为“某人或某物被认为是” Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the_Spanish_Flu_is _believed_to

13、_have_been the most acute epidemic in history.(教材 P38) 西班牙流感在 18 个月内使多达 5 千万人丧命，并且发病的倾向为：年轻力壮的而不是 老年人容易发病，它被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病。 教材复现 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1 _ (take) these drugs is known as “doping” and although they enhance performance, they also cause serious health problems in later life f

14、or those _ abuse them. 答案：Taking; who 2Ben Johnson _ still be the 100 metres world record holder if he hadnt been caught _ (take) drugs in the 1988 Olympics. 答案：would; taking 3Doping is not only a problem in athletics, it is part of every sports where athletes seek _ achieve beyond their _ (nature)

15、limits and are prepared to cheat to do so. 答案：to; natural 4Unfortunately, it is not easy to catch athletes _ (use) illegal drugs. 答案：using 5The Olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than 4 _ (win)has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs. 答案：winnin

16、g 6Since Bird Flu first appeared in 1997, it has _ (take) more than a hundred lives. 答案：taken 7_ is important to look at the spread of diseases throughout history to discover the causes and effects of epidemics. 答案：It 8In urban areas all over Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East, up _ one half o

17、f the population was lost to the Black Death. 答案：to 9Her husband _ (disagree) and said that Terri would not have wanted to live on in this state. 答案：disagreed 10I agree with the decision of the courts and medical institutions in the United States, _ in the case of longterm coma states，. 答案：that 1 ab

18、use vt. and whats worse, I was robbed of the money on the way back home from the bank. 小偷从我的桌子抽屉里偷走了我的钱，更糟糕的是，我在从银行回家的路上被抢劫了。 图解助记 用 steal/rob 的适当形式填空 a朗文词典Two local men were arrested for _ a car. bThe old lady came to the police station and claimed to be _ of her purse when she was shopping. cThe p

19、assing years _ from us one thing after another. dThey knocked him down and _ him of his briefcase. 答案：a.stealing Brobbed Csteal Drobbed 8 decline vt.拒绝；谢绝 vi.下降；变少；衰减，拒绝 n.减少；下降；衰减 .it is generally agreed that a patients chances of recovery decline.(P40) 通常认为病人康复的可能性下降了 (1)decline to_do sth. 婉拒做某事 (

20、2)a decline in/of sth. 在某方面减少/下降 in decline/on the decline 在消减；在衰退 fall/go_into (a) decline 失去力量、影响等 2014山东高考She declined and instead went to work for Sedgewick. 9 她拒绝了，相反她去为 Sedgewick 工作了。 2014山东高考A company whose profits from home markets are_declining may seek opportunities abroad. 在国内市场利润下降的公司可能会

21、寻求到国外发展的机会。 In spite of many invitations, he would always decline_to visit Oxford. 尽管多次受到邀请，他还是拒绝去牛津。 朗文词典During the last ten years, the construction industry has been in_decline. 过去十年里，建筑业一直在走下坡路。 9 equip vt.& vi.装备；配备；使有准备 Theres no doubt that this will equip us to cure all sorts of illnesses, fro

22、m heart disease to cancer.(P41) 毫无疑问它将装备我们以治愈从心脏病到癌症的各种疾病。 (1)equip sb. /sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/某物 be equipped_with sth. 装备有某物 equip sb. /sth. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而准备 (2)equipment n. 设备，设施 朗文词典The new school will be_equipped_with the latest computers. 新学校将装备最新的计算机。 牛津词典Please equip yourself with

23、a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam. 请准备一支尖的铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试。 牛津词典They equipped themselves for the expedition. 他们为远征治装。 2014广东高考Most do it using satellites and other hightech equipment. 大部分人进行研究是通过卫星和其它高科技设备。 10 submit vt.递交；提交；顺从；屈服；认输 You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June.(P41) 你本应该在 6 月

24、 14 日提交它(文章)。 (1)submit sth. to 把提交给，向提出 submit sb./oneself to 使某人/自己甘受/服从 submit to 服从于，屈从于 (2)submission n. 服从；顺从；提交 一言串记 He submitted to the headmasters order finally that all teachers should submit that report to the headmaster. 他最终服从了校长的命令所有的老师都应将那份报告呈交给校长。 10 特别提示 在 submit sth. to 短语中，submit 是

25、及物动词，意为“呈交” ；而在 submit to 短语中，submit 是不及物动词，意为“服从” 。 牛津词典I refuse to submit. 我绝不屈服。 2013北京高考You are free to submit the article. 你可以自由地提交文章。 朗文词典I submitted the plan to the committee yesterday. 昨天我把计划书提交给委员会了。 朗文词典They refused to submit_to the kidnappers demands. 他们拒绝服从绑匪的要求。 过关演练 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或

26、括号内单词的正确形式 12015江苏高考It sometimes requires the reader _ (tolerate) unpleasantness or annoyance. 答案：to tolerate require sb. to do “要求某人做” 。 22013福建高考The event was held for young people from around the world, _ (seek) their views on how the future of youth and education should look. 答案：to seek 不定式作目的状语

27、。 3All the members present _ (oppose) the plan bitterly. 答案：opposed 此句谓语为过去时。 4It was an unpopular decision to postpone _ (build) the new school. 答案：building postpone doing sth. “推迟做某事” 。 52015天津高考Please note that any _ (prohibit) items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life. 答案：prohibit

28、ed 过去分词作 items 的定语表示被动。 6The young man robbed her _ her bag. 答案：of rob sb. of sth.“抢劫某人某物” 。 72015天津高考Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was beyond our range, so we _ (decline) 答案：declined 由前句中 sounded 及 was 可知此句为一般过去时。 8朗文词典The program equips youngsters _ technical skills. 答案：wit

29、h equip sb. with sth. “用某物装备某人” 。 9He submitted himself _ a search by the guards. 答案：to submit sb. to. “使甘受/服从” 。 1 in vain 徒然；无用的；无结果的；无效果的 Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury 11 but these were all in vain. (P34) 弗洛伊德兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩解，责怪他因伤服用的药物，但是这

30、些都是徒 劳的。 1vain attempt/hope/effort 徒劳的尝试/希望/努力 2It is vain to do sth. 做某事是无益的 I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but in_vain. 我曾苦苦的探求解决问题的办法，但都是徒劳。 朗文词典All our work was in_vain. 我们的工作全白干了。 The police tried in_vain to break up the protest crowds. 警察企图驱散抗议的人群，但是没有成功。 2 at all co

31、sts at any cost 不管多大代价，无论如何 The Olympic spirit has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.(P34) 奥运精神已经被不惜一切代价获得成功的欲望所玷污了。 (1)at the cost of 牺牲；以为代价/牺牲 at a cost of 以的价格 at any costat all costs 以任何代价 at cost 按成本价 (2)to ones cost 付了代价；吃了苦头 (3)cost sb. sth. 花费某人；使某人付出/丧失 The bridge must be

32、 repaired within three days at_all_costs. 要不惜一切代价在 3 天内把桥修好。 牛津词典We must at_all_costs prevent them from finding out about the plan. 我们无论如何不能让他们探知这个计划。 朗文词典We need to get that contract, at_any_cost/at_all_costs. 我们必须得到那份合同，不惜任何代价。 朗文词典The software is available at_a_cost_of $30. 这个软件可以花 30 美元买到。 牛津词典S

33、he saved him from drowning but only at_the_cost_of her own life. 他遇溺时她把他救了，但却牺牲了她自己的生命。 3 wipe out 彻底毁灭；全部摧毁；除去或取消某事物；擦试盆、碗等的内部 Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas.(P38) 流行病可以消灭居住在城市的多达一半的人口。 12 wipe away 擦掉，清除掉 wipe sth. off/from sth. 从上擦去某物；勾销 债务等 wipe up 擦干净 2013江西高

34、考We are always ready to wipe_out any enemy who dares to attack. 我们时刻准备消灭一切胆敢来犯之敌。 北师大22A volcanic eruption nearly wiped_out the small island of Montserrat in 1997. 1997 年的一次火山喷发差点把蒙塞拉特这一小岛给毁灭了。 Dont wipe the scales off the fish. 不要把鱼鳞剔除。 4 at any rate 无论如何；不管怎样 If trends continue the way theyre goin

35、g, then in my opinion, yesin developed countries at any rate.(P41) 如果这种趋势继续以它们现在的方式发展下去的话，我认为至少在发达国家是那样的。 at this/that rate 照此情形；如此下去 at the/a rate of 以的速度或比率；以的价格 at a speed of 以速度 牛津词典Thats one part of the job done at any rate. 不管怎么说，这工作已经做了一部分了。 朗文词典He is what, 17? At_any_rate,_he is old enough t

36、o go on his own. 他多大了，17？不管怎么说，他都该自立了。 朗文词典At_this_rate,_well never afford a vacation. 照这种情形看，我们永远也度不起假。 过关演练 选词填空 at the cost of； wipe out； at all costs； in vain； at a rate of； at any rate 1We should promote the project _. 答案：at all costs 2He succeeded _ his health. 答案：at the cost of 3His efforts t

37、o raise money for his program were _ because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. 答案：in vain 4朗文词典Fires _ half of the city. 答案：wiped out 5The car is running _ eighty kilometers an hour. 答案：at a rate of 6He doesnt understand me, or _ not fully. 13 答案：at any rate 1 The Olym

38、pic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.P34 人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。 特别提示 (1)rather than 为并列连词，意为“而不是 ； 与其不如” ，这一表达方式通常用在平行 结构中，连接相同的句子成分，即 rather than 前后两部分在成分和形式上应当一致。 (2)rather than 连接两个名

39、词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与 rather than 前面的词在人称和数 上保持一致。 (1)prefer to do sth. rather_than do sth. 宁愿做而不做 (2)would do sth. rather than do sth. would rather do sth. than do sth. 宁愿做而不做 朗文词典We usually travel by train rather than by plane. 我们通常坐火车而不是乘飞机出行。 牛津词典Shed rather die than lose the children. 她宁可死也不愿失去孩子们。 S

40、he preferred to stay at home rather_than go shopping with him. 她宁愿待在家里，而不愿与他去购物。 Mary, rather_than you, is to blame for not finishing the work on time. 是玛丽而不是你因为没有按时完成工作而受责备。 2 It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.P34 获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。

41、本句为“It isadj.(for sb.) to do sth.”句式，it 作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语 to do sth.。 (1)在“It isadj.for sb. to_do sth.”句式中，作表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质和 特点，常见的有：easy, difficult, important, necessary, vital, possible 等。 (2)在“It isadj.of sb. to do sth.”句式中，作表语的形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的品 行、性格或性质，常见的有：kind, nice, good, clever, wise, careful,

42、 stupid, foolish, rude 等。 How silly it_was_of_you to give up such a good chance! 放弃这么好的一个机会，你真是太傻了！ It_is bad manners for_the_young_to take up the seats for the old. 14 年轻人占据老年人的座位是不礼貌的。 3 In the future， athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds

43、or the marathon in less than two hours. P34 将来， 基因发生改变的运动员可能能在仅仅 8 秒内跑完 100 米， 或在不到两个小时的时 间里跑完马拉松。 本句使用了have sth. done结构。 此结构往往表示以下几个含义： 1使/让/请别人做某事某事物被。 2主语遭受某种情况。 牛津词典They are going to have their house painted. 他们准备把房子粉刷一下。 牛津词典Were having our car repaired. 我们的车正在修理。 牛津词典They have had their reques

44、t refused. 他们的请求遭到拒绝。 牛津词典Charles had his head cut_off. 查理一世遭斩首。 过关演练 完成句子 1(1)It is vital _ have a grateful heart and show our thanks to anything good and any person that is nice. 对我们来说，拥有一颗感恩的心，并对任何好人好事表示感谢是至关重要的。 (2)_ walk such a long way in the snow. 在雪中走那么远的路不容易。 (3)Its nice _ finish eating eve

45、rything on your plate. 你吃完你盘子里的所有东西，真是太好了。 答案：(1)for us to (2)It is not easy to (3)of you to 2(1)2014安徽高考What we expect from you is working hard _ hardly working. 我们对你的期望是努力工作而不是几乎不工作。 (2)To enjoy the scenery, Bob would spend long time on the train rather than _ by air. 为了欣赏风景，鲍勃宁愿花长时间坐火车而不愿坐飞机旅行。 (

46、3)I _ than cheat in the examination. 我宁愿考试失败也不愿作弊。 答案：(1)rather than (2)travel (3)would rather fail 3(1)Claire had her luggage _ an hour before her plane left. 在飞机起飞前一个小时，克莱尔进行了安检。 (2)牛津词典Shes had her wallet _. 她的钱包被人拿走了。 答案：(1)checked (2)taken 15 条件句和混合条件句&情态动词 条件句和混合条件句 1一般条件句由 if, unless, as long

47、 as 等引导，遵循主将从现原则。 2014大纲全国卷Unless some extra money _(find), the theatre will close. 答案 ： is found 句意 ： 除非找到一些额外资金， 否则这家剧院就得关门。 由主句中的 will 可知 unless 引导的从句应用一般现在时态表将来，且 money 和 find 之间是被动关系。 2014课标全国卷If you _ something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 2029021195. 如果你在公共汽车上、火车上、或是车站丢失了什么东西，请拨打失物招领处电话 202 9021195。 答案：lose 2虚拟语气中条件句将遵循以下原则： 意义 条件从句 主句 与现在事实相反 过去式(系动词 be 一律用 were) should/would/could/might动词原 形 与过去事实相反 had过去分词 would/should/could/might have done 与将来事实相反 Err