高三英语语法填空与短文改错 第二部分 语法精析 第五节　代词和介词(短语)

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1、第五节第五节 代词和介词代词和介词(短语短语) 考向分析 热考点 高考语法填空侧重考查 it 及人称代词，含有介词的固定短语和动词短语。 短文改错集中在人称代词的人称、数和性别的一致性，固定短语的介词。 新考向 2019 全国及全国考查了代词的用法及固定短语中介词的用法。 题型一题型一 关于代词和介词关于代词和介词(短语短语)的语法填空的语法填空 1Nervously facing challenges，I know I will whisper to (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”(2019 北京) 答案 myself 解析 考查代词。 句意为：

2、 焦虑不安地面临挑战时， 我知道我将轻声对自己说： “做你自己。 ” 此处 whisper to 这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，宾语要用反身代词。故填 myself。 2A study shows the students who are engaged in after- school activities are happier than (that) who are not.(2019 天津) 答案 those 解析 考查代词。句意为：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更 开心。空格处代词对应 the students，是复数，故填 those。 3Running

3、 is cheap，easy and its always energetic.If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give a try. (2018 全国) 答案 running/it 解析 考查名词或代词。此处号召我们尝试一下这种运动，因此可以填名词 running，也可以 用 it 指代。give sth.a try 尝试一下某事。 4 When the gorillas(大猩猩)

4、 and I frightened each other， I was just glad to find (they) alive. (2018 全国) 答案 them 解析 考查代词之人称代词。分析句子结构可知，此处要用代词作 find 的宾语，故要用人称 代词的宾格。they 的宾格为 them。 5Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap can be to eat out.(2018 浙江) 答案 it 解析 考查 i

5、t 的用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是 it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式 to eat out 是真正的主语，it 是形式主语。故填 it。 6However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were using every day.(2017 全国) 答案 it 解析 考查代词。use 是及物动词，其后接宾语，此处明显缺少代词。分析句意可知，这里 用 it 指代前句的 the railway，故填 it

6、。 7Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house.“she thought I had hurt (I)，”says Pahlsson.(2017 浙江) 答案 myself 解析 考查反身代词。根据语境可知，hurt 这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，故应用 I 的反身代词形式，意为“她认为我伤了我自己”，故填 myself。 1人称代词 数 人称 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 单数 一 I me my mine myself 二 you you your you

7、rs yourself 三 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 一 we us our ours ourselves 二 you you your yours yourselves 三 they them their theirs themselves 2不定代词 含义 指代 都 任何一个 都不 两者 both either neither 三者或三者以上 all any none 3one，another，the other，some，others，the others 的区别 一个/

8、一些 另外一个/一些 剩余的一个/一些 单数 one another the other 复数 some others the others 单数 one book another book the other book 复数 some books other books the other books 4that，those 的用法 that 指代上文提到的单数名词或不可数名词(the单数名词/不可数名词，与前面的名词 不是同一个， 即同名不同物)。 The story is more interesting than that(the story) you read a few days

9、ago. those 指代上文提到的复数名词(the复数名词，同名不同物的复数)。 The computers made in China are as good as those(the computers) made in the USA. 1Modern methods tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid- 1980s，and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.(2019 全国) 答案 of/for 解析 考

10、查介词。此处 tracking polar bear populations 作 Modern methods 的定语，用 of 连接， methods of doing sth.意为“的方法”。或者意为“用于跟踪北极熊的方法”用 for。故填 of/for。 2 We were first greeted with the barking by a pack dogs， seven to be exact.(2019 全国) 答案 of 解析 考查介词。a pack of 意为“一群”，为固定搭配。故填 of。 3First celebrated 1970，the Day now inclu

11、des events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区)(2019 北京) 答案 in 解析 考查介词。句意为：第一次庆祝是在 1970 年。如今，这一天的活动遍及 190 多个国家 和地区。在年份前要用介词 in。故填 in。 4The answer this question is not clear.(2019 浙江) 答案 to 解析 考查介词。句意为：这个问题的答案不清楚。the answer to.的答案，为固定搭配。 故填 to。 5 Favorable policies are effect to encourage emplo

12、yees professional development.(2019 江苏) 答案 in 解析 考查介词短语。 句意为： 好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。 in effect 实际上，为固定搭配，故填 in。 6Corn uses less water rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.(2018 全国) 答案 than 解析 由句中的比较级 less 可知，此处将玉米和水稻进行比较，故填 than。 7 I was searching these three western lowland gorillas Id bee

13、n observing.(2018 全国) 答案 for 解析 考查介词。search for 寻找，为固定搭配。 8I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home dinner，get a few cooking tips from her.(2018 浙江) 答案 for 解析 考查介词。 go to your mums home for dinner 去你妈妈家吃饭。 for 表示目的， 意为“为 了要，为了得到”。 9This trend，which was started by the medical community(医

14、学界) a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017 全国) 答案 as 解析 考查介词。此处指作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法，所以用介词 as。 10It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible cro

15、wds on the roads above as they travelled to and work.(2017 全国) 答案 from 解析 考查介词。travel to and from work 上下班。 11After school she plans to take a year off to model full- time before going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture.(2017 全国) 答案 in 解析 考查介词。关于某个专业的学位要用介词 in。a degree in engi

16、neering or architecture 工 程学或建筑学学位。 1介宾关系 2介词的基本含义 in 在里面 表示时间段，加年/月/季节/世纪/朝/年代，几十岁的时候，还泛指上午、下午或晚上 例： in 1990， in September， in spring， in the 18th century， in the Ming Dynasty， in 1980s， in ones twenties，in the morning 处于状态 例：in good condition 状态良好 in good shape 身材好 用某种语言/专业 (speak) 例：in English in

17、 a way 在某方面；在某种程度上 in strength 在力量上 in courage 在勇气上 on 在上 在具体的时间，或具体的上午、下午或晚上 例：on October 1，on Sunday，on Christmas Day，on the morning of May 1 关于(about) 身上带着，有(with) 例：have enough money with/on me on(upon)n./doing 一就 at 在某处 例：at the airport 在时(刻) 例：at 600 in the morning 在岁(具体) 例：at 20 以价格、速度 例：at a

18、 high/low price 以高/低价 at a speed of.以速度 朝，向(某方向或目标) 例：throw at，laugh at 因而；一听到/看到/想到就 例：at the terrible sight to 向，朝(某方向或某处) (指时间)在(某时间)之前 例：a quarter to six 差一刻到六点 ten minutes to two 一点五十分 属于(某人/某物) 例：the key to the door，the answer to the question for (表示目的)为了 例：for pleasure 为了好玩 (表示对象)给 例：There is

19、 a letter for you. 对某人来说 例：It is easy for us. (表示理由或原因)因为，由于 例：Thank you for helping me with my English. 表示“持续一段时间” 例：for an hour (表示目标、去向)往，向 例：leave for，head for the train for Paris 开往巴黎的火车 表示“支持，赞同”，反义词为“against” 例：Are you for this plan or against it? with 和在一起 例：with a friend 有，带有，具有 例：with more

20、 money 随着 例：with age 随着年龄的增长 with time going byas time goes by 随着时间的流逝 by 靠近，在旁边 例：by the fire 在炉火旁 按计算，常用“bythe单数可数名词” 例：by the day 按日 由，靠，通过(表示交通方式) 例：by bus 乘公交车 off 下来；离开 例：keep off 远离，fall off 掉下来 远离，脱离 例：off the main road 远离大路，off track 脱轨 休息，休假 例：off duty 休息(on duty 值班)，take a day off 休班一天 ac

21、ross 横过，从一边到另一边 例：walk across the street 过马路 在对面 例：across the road 在马路对面 against 反对，违背 例：go against the law of nature 违背自然规律 靠着 例：lean against the wall 靠墙 逆着 例：against the wind 逆风 在映衬下 例：The hill looks more beautiful against the blue sky.在蓝天的映衬下，山峰更显美丽。 beyond (表示时间)表晚于，超过 例：beyond visiting hour 超出探

22、视时间 表示范围、水平、能力等“超出之外；非能力所及” 例：beyond ones wildest dreams 某人做梦也没想到 beyond recognition 认不出来 题型二题型二 关于代词和介词关于代词和介词(短语短语)的短文改错的短文改错 1From then on，I started to play my football with classmates after school.(2019 全国) 答案 删除 my 解析 考查固定搭配。 “踢足球”的英语表达为“play football”， 中间不能加冠词或者代词。 故删除 my。 2In the cafe，custome

23、rs will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment which is created for them.(2019 全国) 答案 yourselvesthemselves 解析 考查代词的用法。customers 是句子的主语，故把 yourselves 改为 themselves。 3The first time I went there，they were living in a small house with dogs，ducks，and another animals.(2018 全国) 答案 anotherother 解析

24、词法错误。another 意为“另一个”，修饰可数名词单数；此处表示“其他的动物”， 应用“other可数名词复数(animals)”。 4I had done myself homework，but I was shy.(2018 全国) 答案 myselfmy/the 解析 词法错误。do ones/the homework 为固定搭配，意为“做家庭作业”。反身代词不能 用来修饰名词，应用形容词性物主代词或冠词。 1根据上下文判断人称代词的单复数和指代是否一致。 2反身代词也要在人称和数上与所指代的名词保持一致。 3形容词性物主代词修饰名词，不能单独使用；名词性物主代词，不能修饰名词。 4

25、不定代词，判断是否和指代的名词一致，含义是肯定还是否定。 1When I studied chemistry high school，I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor. (2019 全国) 答案 chemistry 之后加 in/at 解析 考查介词。“在高中”需要用介词 in 或者 at，故在 chemistry 之后加 in/at。 2I want my cafe to have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”(2019 全国) 答案 删除 like 解析 考查介词的用

26、法。such as 和 like 都是用来举例子，重复使用。故删除 like。 3 At the end of our trip， I told my father that I planned to return for every two years， and he agreed. (2018 全国) 答案 删除 for 解析 词法错误。 every two years 是时间状语，可独立使用，前面不需要介词。 4When I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies.(2017 全国) 答案 删除第二个

27、 of 解析 词法错误。realize 认识到，意识到，是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语。 1 及物动词后面不用介词， 如 realize， enter， reach， approach， discuss， give sb.sth., tell sb.sth.， explain sth.to sb.；不及物动词后面必须用介词，如 arrive in/at，agree with sb.，graduate from， look at，learn from，listen to。 2由“this，that，every，last，next名词”构成的时间状语及 yesterday，tomorrow，前面 不用

28、介词。如 last month。 增分训练增分训练 .单句语法填空 1The firm is also responsible millions of online shoppers details around the globe. (2019 河南六市联考) 答案 for 解析 考查介词。be responsible for 对负责，为固定搭配。句意为：该公司还负责全球数 百万在线购物者的详细信息。故填 for。 2The students spent five days at their school learning experienced workers from the Mason

29、ry Institute of Iowa，a professional organization.(2019 山东青岛二模) 答案 from 解析 考查介词。句意为：学生们在学校里待了五天向爱荷华州砖石协会经验丰富的工人学 习，这是一个专业的组织。learn from 表示“向学习”，故填 from。 3If possible，they can give their parents a gift on a special day or help with housework a regular basis.(2019 湖北联盟名校信息卷) 答案 on 解析 考查介词。句意为：如果可能的话，他们

30、可以在特殊的日子送给父母礼物，也可以定 期帮他们做家务。on a regular basis 经常地，定期地，为固定短语，故填 on。 4 We found that singing as part of a group contributes peoples recovery from mental health problems.(2019 广东汕头二模) 答案 to 解析 考查介词。句意为：我们发现参与合唱有助于精神疾病的恢复。contribute to 有助于， 为固定短语，故用介词 to。 5Reading fiction is one of the best ways we hav

31、e of putting (we) in other peoples shoes.(2019 重庆调研) 答案 ourselves 解析 考查反身代词。句意为：阅读小说是我们设身处地为别人着想的最好方法之一。put 的逻辑主语是 we，故宾语应用反身代词 ourselves。 6 (they) goal of producing no trash is probably impossible to reach. (2019 江西重点中学协作体联考) 答案 Their 解析 考查形容词性物主代词。句意为：他们的不产生垃圾的目标不太可能实现。goal 为名 词，前面需要形容词修饰，故填形容词性物主

32、代词 Their，注意句首首字母大写。 7Since 2013，the number of couples aged 25 to 29 has been greater than of younger couples.(2019 陕西咸阳二模) 答案 that 解析 考查代词。句意为：自 2013 年以来，25 至 29 岁的夫妇数量一直高于更年轻的夫妇。 分析句子可知，本空指代前面的 the number，指代前面的同类但不同一事物的词，故填 that。 8The road (it) has already been completed，and now its only a matter o

33、f connecting the grid(输电网)(2019 河北衡水押题卷 2) 答案 itself 解析 考查反身代词。道路本身已经完成。此处用 itself 作同位语，故答案为 itself。 .易错练习 1Every new year in the heartland of industrial China thousands upon thousands of motorcyclists brave the weather and hit the road，determined to make home. 答案 it 解析 考查代词。句意为：每年新年，在中国工业中心地带，成千上万的

34、摩托车手冒着严寒 上路，决心回家。根据句意可知，他们冒着严寒，也一定要回家，make it 及时抵达，走完路 程。故填 it。 2Another friend of (I) realized that two off- duty lifeguards，Liz and Alison Manley， were nearby.(2019 山西实验中学质检) 答案 mine 解析 考查代词。another friend of mine 我的另一个朋友。of 是介词，这里表所属关系，后跟 名词性物主代词。故填 mine。 3According to experts，the key the Forbidd

35、en Citys strength，as well as other ancient Chinese structures，lies in dougong(斗栱)a centuries- old building method invented in China.(2019 山东日照一模) 答案 to 解析 考查介词。key 与介词 to 搭配，意为“紫禁城坚固的关键”。故填 to。 4 But a TV show， Letters Alive， is helping bring this old way to keep in touch back the present.(2019 湖南娄底

36、二模) 答案 to 解析 考查介词。句意为： 见字如面这档电视节目正将这一保持联系的老方式带回到现代 人的视野。bring.back to.意为“把带回到”，为固定搭配，故用 to。 .单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误) 1Last July Bell paid a visit on Europe.(2019 宁夏银川一中二模) 答案 onto 解析 考查介词。句意为：去年七月贝尔去欧洲参观。pay a visit to某地“去某地参观”， 为固定搭配。故将 on 改为 to。 2He explained the class the whole story and praised me.(20

37、19 广东揭阳二模) 答案 在 explained 后加 to 解析 考查介词。explain to sb.sth.向某人解释某事，故在 explained 后加 to。 3The film started at the moment we sat down in the cinema. 答案 删除 at 解析 the moment 此处是连词，表示“一就”，后跟从句。此处指“我们一坐下电 影就开始了”。引导从句前面不加介词，故删除 at。 4Visitors will not only understand traditional Chinese culture better but def

38、initely feel about the unique beauty of it. 答案 删除 about 解析 考查介词。句意为：游客不仅能更好地了解中国传统文化，而且一定会感受到它独特 的美。feel“感觉”，此处是及物动词，结合句意，故删除 feel 后的 about。 5In a word，people choose differently to exchange our best wishes during their holidays. (2019 江西吉安一模) 答案 ourtheir 解析 考查形容词性物主代词。句意为：总之，人们在他们的假期中选择不同的方式来交换 他们最好

39、的祝愿。根据句意可知，指代第三人称复数应用 their。 6It is them who give without asking anything for return.(2019 江西重点中学盟校联考) 答案 themthey 解析 考查人称代词。句意为：正是他们，付出而不求回报。本句为强调句，强调主语部分， 故应用第三人称复数的主格形式的人称代词，故将 them 改为 they。 7Though we have never used them before，we must prepare them in case anything like that happens again. 答案 a

40、nythingsomething 解析 考查不定代词。句意为：虽然我们以前从未使用过，但我们必须做好准备，以防类似 的事情再次发生。文中表示“一些事”，所以将 anything 改为 something。 8One day，my English teacher asked me to go to her office and told us that I was given an opportunity to participate in an English speaking competition.(2019 广东六校联考) 答案 usme 解析 考查代词。句意为：一天，我的英语老师要求我

41、去她的办公室并告诉我，我有一个参 加英语演讲比赛的机会。根据句意可知，英语老师告诉我，而不是我们，所以使用代词 me 充当 tell 的宾语。故将 us 改为 me。 强化练强化练(七七) .语法填空 (2019 贵州贵阳适应性考试一) Franklins life is full of charming stories which all young men should know1._he sold books in Boston，and became the guest of kings in Europe；how he was made Major General Franklin，o

42、nly to quit because，as he said，he was no soldier，and yet helped to organize the army that stood before the trained troops of England and Germany. This poor Boston boy， without a days schooling， 2. (become) a master of six languages and never stopped 3. (study)；this neglected apprentice(学徒) conquered

43、 lightning，made his name famous，4. (receive) degrees and diplomas from many colleges，and became forever remembered as the “Doctor Franklin”， a philosopher，scientist and 5. (politics) leader. Self- made，self- taught，the candle makers son gave light 6. all the world；the street bookseller set all men s

44、inging of liberty；the apprentice became the most sought- after man across the world，and brought his native land to praise and honor him. He built America，for what the nation is today is largely due to the management，the forethought， the wisdom， and the 7. (able) of Benjamin Franklin.He belongs to th

45、e world， but 8. (especial) he belongs to America.People around the world honored him while he was living；he is still regarded 9. the loftiest(崇高的) man by the common people today after his death.And he will live in peoples 10. (heart) forever. 语篇解读 本文主要讲述了本杰明 富兰克林的传奇故事。 1答案 how 解析 考查副词。此处与下文中的“how he

46、 was made Major General Franklin”呼应，此处表 示事情进行的方式，故用副词 how。 2答案 became 解析 考查动词的时态。根据下文的“and never stopped”可知，是并列结构，故也用一般过 去时。 3答案 studying 解析 考查非谓语动词。 由句意可知， 此处表示“他从未停止学习”， stop doing sth.意为“停 止做某事”，故用动名词作宾语。 4答案 received 解析 考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处和 conquered，made，became 是并列关系，故 用一般过去时。 5答案 political 解析 考查

47、形容词。修饰名词用形容词，故用形容词political 修饰名词 leader，在句子中作定语。 6答案 to 解析 考查介词。give sth.to sb.意为“给某人某物”，故用介词 to。 7答案 ability 解析 考查词形转换。 根据冠词 the 和介词 of 以及上文的 management， forethought 和 wisdom 可知，此处用名词 ability 表示抽象概念。 8答案 especially 解析 考查副词。副词修饰形容词、副词、动词、介词短语，甚至整个句子，在句子中作状 语。此处副词 especially 修饰整个句子。 9答案 as 解析 考查介词。re

48、gard.as.意为“把看作”，为固定搭配，故用介词 as。 10答案 hearts 解析 考查名词复数。heart 作“心；内心”时为可数名词，根据空前的 peoples 可知，此 处表示复数概念，故用名词复数 hearts。 .短文改错 11 (2019 四川成都外国语一诊) We are required to collect our smart phones and keep it in the teachers during the weekdays.In fact，the most of us obey this regulation，but some still play various trick against it.Im among those.Once，I hand in a waste phone.Mr Li，our head teacher，seemed ignore all that.So I felt very luckily to have an extra