高三英语语法填空与短文改错 第二部分 语法精析 第四节　形容词和副词

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1、第四节第四节 形容词和副词形容词和副词 考向分析 热考点 语法填空集中于比较级，形容词变副词。 短文改错集中于比较级应用不当，形容词、副词应用不当。 新考向 2019 年高考英语强化了对副词的考查。全国卷短文改错中区分了形近副词 hard 和 hardly 的含义，全国卷短文改错中考查了 so 修饰形容词，并区分了 副词修饰副词含义，即 too much 和 very/so much 的区别。 题型一题型一 关于形容词和副词的语法填空关于形容词和副词的语法填空 1 Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be cong

2、regating(聚集) around human settlements，leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are (high) than they actually are.(2019 全国) 答案 higher 解析 考查形容词的比较级。根据其后的“than they actually are”可知，此处用形容词的比 较级，故填 higher。 2 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal， runners live three years (long) than

3、non- runners.(2018 全国) 答案 longer 解析 考查副词的比较等级。句中的 than 是比较级的标志，故填 long 的比较级 longer。 3 That makes her baby scream， and then a 400- pound male appears.He screams the (loud) of all .(2018 全国) 答案 loudest 解析 考查副词的比较等级。由空前的 the 以及空后的 of all 可知要用最高级。 4There could be an even (high) cost on your health.(2018

4、 浙江) 答案 higher 解析 考查形容词的比较级。“副词 even比较级”表示“更”，强调程度。 5. Even (bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.(2017 全国) 答案 worse 解析 考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even worse 更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。 6Sixteen years (early)，Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal. (2017 浙江) 答案 earlier 解析 考查

5、副词的比较级。sixteen years earlier 意为“早在 16 年前”。 提示词为形容词或副词，根据语境和句意，如果不需要改变词性和含义的话，则需要填该词 的比较级或者最高级。 1比较级的标志词 填空处后有 than，用比较级。如果有 as，则用原级。 填空处前有 even，much，far，rather，a little，bit 及倍数 (twice，three times)等，用比较级。 2最高级的标志词 填空处后有 of all/among 等表范围，用最高级。 填空处前有 one of the，the序数词，定冠词 the，则用最高级。 3固定句型 the比较级，the比较

6、级越越 比较级and比较级 越来越 否定词比较级最高级 “(倍数)as原级as”结构 more thanadj.表示“非常” 4比较级最高级的不规则变化 good/wellbetterbest badworseworst badlyworseworst many/muchmoremost littlelessleast farfartherfarthest (指距离)/farfurtherfurthest (指距离和抽象概念) 1It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the ran

7、ge has been (poor) studied.(2019 全国) 答案 poorly 解析 考查副词用法。 根据句意和句子结构分析可知， 此处副词 poorly 修饰谓语动词 has been studied。故填 poorly。 2Her years of hard work have (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.(2019 全国) 答案 finally 解析 考查副词用法。 根据空格所处位置可知， 此处应用副词形式作状语，

8、 修饰谓语动词 have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填 finally。 3They also shared with us many traditional stories about Hawaii that were (huge) popular with tourists.(2019 全国) 答案 hugely 解析 考查副词。 空格处单词修饰形容词 popular， 应用副词形式， huge 的副词形式为 hugely， 故填 hugely。 4A dogs eating habit requires regular training before i

9、t is (proper) established. (2019 天津) 答案 properly 解析 考查副词。句意为：在狗的饮食习惯被正确地建立之前，需要定期的训练。此处用副 词修饰动词 establish，故填 properly。 5 When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings， car drivers can (easy) see them.(2019 浙江) 答案 easily 解析 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，设空处所给词修饰动词 see，修饰动词要用副词，因 此，用 easy 的副词形式，

10、故填 easily。 6A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change.(2018 全国) 答案 actually 解析 考查词性转换之形容词变副词。修饰动词用形容词 actual 的副词形式 actually。 7Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been (fair) unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.(2017 全国) 答案 fairly 解析 考查词性转换之形容词变副

11、词。所填词修饰形容词 unpleasant，故用 fair 的副词形式 fairly。 8It is (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. (2017 全国) 答案 certainly 解析 考查词性转换之形容词变副词。 此处应该用副词来修饰形容词 fun， 故填形容词 certain 的副词形式 certainly。 1根据句意和句子结构，判断是填形容词还是副词。原则唯一： 形容词修饰名词或者代词 副词修饰动词、形容词或者副词 2如果确定需要填副词，要注意形容词变副词的规律。 一般情况：直接加 ly quickquickly

12、bravebravely immediateimmediately 大多数“辅音字母e”结尾的形容词直接加 ly unfortunateunfortunately absoluteabsolutely attractiveattractively “辅音字母y”结尾的形容词要变 y 为 i 再加 ly happyhappily heavyheavily steadysteadily 以- al 结尾的形容词，变副词直接加 ly typicaltypically eventualeventually occasionaloccasionally normalnormally gradualgra

13、dually “辅音字母le”结尾的形容词，去 e 加 y simplesimply gentlegently comfortablecomfortably possiblepossibly reasonablereasonably probableprobably 特殊 truetruly 以- ll 结尾只加 y fullfully dulldully 以- ic 结尾加 ally basicbasically scientificscientifically automaticautomatically 特别注意 wholewholly shyshyly drydryly goodwel

14、l hard 既是形容词又是副词 hardly 是副词意为“几乎不” fair adj.公平的，头发浅色的，皮肤白的，美丽的，相当的 n.集市 fairly adv.相当地，公平地，竟然 以- ly 结尾的形容词： friendly，lovely，lively，lonely，deadly，likely，monthly，yearly，daily，weekly，neighbourly On our way to the house，it was raining hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take to get the

15、re.(2019 全国) 答案 so 解析 考查副词。句意为：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们禁不住想还 要多久才能到达那里。so.that.意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。故填 so。 1.形容词修饰名词或者代词。 2.副词修饰动词、形容词或者副词本身。 3.尤其关注“soadj./adv.that”句型。 题型二题型二 关于形容词和副词的短文改错关于形容词和副词的短文改错 1First，I wanted to be a fireman，whose uniform looked so coolly.(2019 全国) 答案 coollycool 解析 考查形容词的用法。句

16、中的“looked(看起来样)”为系动词， 系动词后需用形容词 作表语。故将 coolly 改为 cool。 2What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.(2019 全国) 答案 ordinarilyordinary 解析 考查形容词的用法。修饰名词 cafe，应用形容词。ordinarily 是副词。故把 ordinarily 改为 ordinary。 3I felt happily that their life had improved.(2018 全国) 答案 happilyhappy 解析 考查

17、形容词作表语。句意为：他们的生活得到了改善，我感到很高兴。feel 为系动词， 应该用形容词作表语，故将 happily 改为 happy。 4Immediate，I raised my hand. (2018 全国) 答案 ImmediateImmediately 解析 考查副词的用法。放于句首，作状语修饰整个句子，要用副词。故将 Immediate 改为 Immediately。 5It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road. (2017 全国) 答案 suddenlysudden

18、 解析 考查形容词的用法。 此处stop是名词， 修饰名词需用形容词， 故将suddenly改为sudden。 6I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the latest music albums. (2017 全国) 答案 differencedifferent 解析 考查形容词的用法。此处应用形容词修饰名词 kinds。故将 difference 改为 different。 1原则唯一： 形容词修饰名词或者代词。 副词修饰动词、形容词或者副词本身。 2

19、系动词之后要用形容词作表语，不能用副词。 3更正时，一定注意形容词变副词的规律。 1I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.(2019 全国) 答案 hardlyhard 解析 考查副词。“hard(用力地，猛力地，猛烈地)”与“hardly(几乎不；几乎没有)”都为 副词，但是词义不同。本句句意为：我挡住足球，并用力地将它踢回操场。由句意可知，此 处表示“用力地”，应用 hard。故将 hardly 改为 hard。 2 Then， when I was in the fifth grade， I want

20、ed to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much.(2019 全国) 答案 tooso/very 解析 考查副词。句意为：在五年级的时候，因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师，所以我想成为 一名老师。“so/very much”表示“非常”；“too much”表“太多”。此处表示“我非 常喜欢我的英语老师”，应用 so much 或 very much。故将 too 改为 very/so。 3A few minutes late，the instructor asked me to stop the car.(2017 全国)

21、 答案 latelater 解析 词法错误。 “一段时间later”表示“多长时间之后”， 是固定用法。 故将 late 改为 later。 4Beside，they often get some useful information from the Internet. (2017 全国) 答案 BesideBesides 解析 词法错误。此处表示“此外，而且”，应用副词 besides。beside 在旁边，为介词。 故将 Beside 改为 Besides。 1hard adj.坚硬的，困难的，努力的 adv.努力地；艰难地；用力地，猛力地，猛烈地 hardly adv.几乎不；几乎没有

22、 2late adj.迟到的；晚的 adv.晚；迟 later adv.后来，之后。“时间段later”表示“多久之后”。 lately adv.最近recently latest adj.最近的 3beside 在旁边 besides 此外，而且 1 One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.(2019 全国) 答案 删除 more 解析 考查形容词的比较级。句中 better 为 well(健康；身体好)的比较级形式，多

23、音节的形容 词或副词构成比较级用“more加形容词或副词”， 所以more不能与better连用。 故删除more。 2I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people. (2018 全国) 答案 largerlarge 解析 词法错误。由语境可知，前后没有比较的意味，用原级。故将 larger 改为 large。 1两者比较用比较级，三者或三者以上用最高级。 2一些词没有比较等级：favorite，perfect，excellent，superior。 增分训练增分训练 增分单句训练 .单句语法填空 1Internet us

24、ers have (broad) welcomed the move，saying this is a blessing for Chinese students who want to enter Cambridge.(2019 四川成都七中三诊) 答案 broadly 解析 此处应该用副词修饰动词 welcome，所以用 broadly。 2They are pretending to keep a healthy and wise attitude toward failure (simple) because theyre incapable of succeeding. (2019

25、人大附中第三次调研) 答案 simply 解析 此处需要副词修饰整个原因状语从句。simple 变成副词需要去 e 加 y，故填 simply。 3“I think AI is going to be (great) important for what we do，” said Jon Snoddy，an official of the entertainment company.(2019 山东枣庄三模) 答案 greatly 解析 此处需要修饰形容词 important，所以需要用副词形式，即 greatly。 4Just take a look at a recent study wh

26、ere researchers found that the front pockets on womens jeans are 40 percent (short) and 6.5 percent narrower than those on mens. (2019 辽宁二中四模) 答案 shorter 解析 根据后面的 than 及 and 后面的平行结构 narrower 可知，此处应该用比较级，故填 shorter。 5China has splendid culture with a long history.Chinese opera is one of the (old) dra

27、matic art forms in the world.(2019 湖北十堰模拟) 答案 oldest 解析 第二句句意为：中国戏曲是世界上最古老的戏剧艺术形式之一。此处是“one of the 最高级名词复数”结构。所以此处用最高级 oldest。 6However，it could lead to a much (deep) understanding of how we all remember the world around us.(2019 河北辛集中学三模) 答案 deeper 解析 a much deeper understanding 一个更深入的了解，much 用来修饰

28、deep 的比较级。故填 deeper。 7Scullin found students who slept more performed (well) in two different classes，and he published his findings in two academic publications last November.(2019 山东青岛一模) 答案 better 解析 句意为：斯卡利林发现，睡眠较为充足的学生在两个不同的课程中表现得更好，并且 在去年 11 月，他在两份学术刊物上发表了自己的研究结果。由“more”可知，这实际上是 睡眠较为充足的学生与睡眠不足的

29、学生在课程表现中的对比，所以用 well 的比较级 better。 8I made life- long friends and had many (last) memories.(2019 宁夏石嘴山三中三模) 答案 lasting 解析 此处需要用形容词修饰名词 memories。last 可以由动词变为形容词 lasting，表示“持 久的”。 .易错练习 1. Honolulu has (many) pedestrians hit in crosswalks than almost any other city in America. 答案 more 解析 由 than 可知，用 ma

30、ny 的比较级 more。 2 (sure) red will always be a beloved color for designers，and red shoes have also become a choice for many supermodels. 答案 Surely 解析 副词修饰整个句子，故填 Surely。 3The (easy) way to get involved in Red Nose Day is to wear a red nose! 答案 easiest 解析 句意为：参加红鼻子日最简单的方法就是戴上红鼻子。根据 the 以及句意可知应填形 容词最高级 e

31、asiest。 4Cornwall has its own treasures too- pretty villages and towns such as St Ives and Mousehole line the coastline，and make for the perfect locations to spend those (relax) summer afternoons! 答案 relaxing 解析 修饰 summer afternoons 用- ing 形容词，故填 relaxing。 .单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误) 1Every time I see it，I w

32、ill feel proudly as I am Chinese.(2019 四川双流中学三模) 答案 proudlyproud 解析 feel 为系动词，后面需要用形容词作表语。所以要把 proudly 改为 proud。 2 I have a little difficulty in English.But I will study hardly to improve it if I have an opportunity to go to your university.(2019 山东滕州二中模拟) 答案 hardlyhard 解析 考查副词。“hard(努力地)”与“hardly(几

33、乎不；几乎没有)”都为副词，但是词义不 同。 本句句意为： 如果我有机会进入你的大学， 我将努力学习提高英语。 故将 hardly 改为 hard。 3Among 100 students surveyed，we can see differently students have different ways to get rid of pressure.(2019 四川成都七中三诊) 答案 differentlydifferent 解析 此处需要用形容词修饰名词 students，所以把 differently 改成 different。 4 Jinan may neither be as

34、industrialized as Shanghai nor as historical as Beijing.But Jinan for me is a true wonderful city.(2019 河水衡水中学联考) 答案 truetruly 解析 此处需要用副词修饰形容词 wonderful。true 变副词为特殊变化，即 truly。 5Network has changed the way we live and makes our life easy than before. (2019 辽宁实验中学模拟) 答案 easyeasier 解析 后面有 than，需要用比较级，所

35、以把 easy 改为 easier。 6When we went to high school together，she didnt study very much hard. (2019 辽源田家炳高级中学六模) 答案 删除 much 解析 此处 very 修饰 hard，much 多余，语意重复，故删除。 7If one wants to know or study Chinese culture more deeply，he or she must spend much time. 答案 muchmore 解析 句意为：如果一个人想更深入地了解或研究中国文化，他或她必须花更多的时间。根

36、据条件状语从句中 more deeply 可知，主句中 much 应该用比较级。故 much 改为 more。 8I was amazed at the brightness of the tropical fish，the beauty of the sea horses as good as the power of the shark.(2019 云南曲靖沾益四中三模) 答案 goodwell 解析 句意为： 我吃惊于热带鱼的艳丽、 海马的美丽以及鲨鱼的力量。 此处是 as well as“也， 此外”，为固定词组。 增分写作训练 形容词、副词在写作中的应用 1To be honest，

37、I have once won first prize in the Oral English Competition，which，as a consequence，proves my ability.(2019 全国) Honestly speaking，I have once won first prize in the Oral English Competition，which consequently proves my ability. 2As far as I am concerned，you are more competitive than anyone else，which

38、 will be of benefit to us.(2019 全国) As far as I am concerned， no one can be more competitive than you， which will be beneficial to us. 3There will be all kinds of performances，including Chinese music and pop music made by the teenagers，which will leave a deep impression on the audience.(2019 全国) The

39、re will be various performances，including traditional Chinese music and original pop music made by the teenagers，which will definitely be impressive. 强化练强化练(六六) .语法填空 A (2019 湖南六校联考) Twenty- five years ago，most young British people wanted a career in law，to be a doctor，or to take up singing.But toda

40、y，things stand 1. (different) According to a recent survey，the “dream job” of young people 2. (age) between 16 and 25 in the UK is a video blogger， or “vlogger(视频博主)” The survey， carried out among 1,002 people，found that over 40% of them put vlogger as their number one choice on a list of dream 3. (

41、career) The change is largely due to the rapid development of information technology (IT)The Internet and social media have made it 4. (easy) and more convenient to reach a global audience，without having to enter a career in show business in the traditional way. “In the past，the biggest stars 5. (ma

42、ke) by the Hollywood studios；now，anyone with a computer camera may become a star，” said Phil Samuels,6. expert from the UK.“From fashion to comedy，these self- made stars interact online with their fans about everyday life.” However， what people see 7. (be) only the bright side of being a vlogger and

43、 they ignore the fact 8. only those who are successful can gain fame and fortune.Actually,9. every success there are a hundred others who never get off the starting block.This is why some young people still show 10. (prefer) for traditional jobs. 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。如今，随着信息技术的发展，年轻人最理想的职业是“网 红”。其实，他们忽视了这样

44、一个事实：在“网红”成功的背后，更多的是没有成功的人。 1答案 differently 解析 考查副词。空处修饰动词 stand，故用副词形式。 2答案 aged 解析 考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，动词 age 和其逻辑主语 young people 之间为动 宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作后置定语。 3答案 careers 解析 考查名词的单复数。career 为可数名词，且结合该句中的“a list of”可知，此处表示 多种职业，故用 career 的复数形式 careers。 4答案 easier 解析 考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“and more convenient”可知

45、，空处与之并列， 也用比较级。 5答案 were made 解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“In the past”可知，此处 描述发生在过去的事，故用一般过去时；根据该句中的“by the Hollywood studios”可知，该 句主语 the biggest stars 和动词 make 之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；主语为复数形式，故 用 were made。 6答案 an 解析 考查冠词。 根据语境可知， 该处泛指“一位来自英国的专家”， 故用不定冠词； expert 的发音以元音音素开头，故用 an。 7答案 is 解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分

46、析句子结构可知，该句主语为“what people see”，是 what 引导的主语从句，故谓语动词用单数；该句句意为：然而，人们所看到的仅是视频博主 光鲜的一面，忽视了只有成功者才能得到名气和财富这一事实。根据句意可知，该句陈述的 是一般事实，故用一般现在时，故填 is。 8答案 that 解析 考查同位语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，说明抽象名词“fact”的 具体内容，故用 that 引导该同位语从句。 9答案 for 解析 考查介词。“实际上，对于每个成功者而言，有上百名其他人还没有起步”。根据语 境可知，此处应用介词 for“对来说”。 10答案 preference

47、 解析 考查词形转换。分析该句结构可知，空处作及物动词 show 的宾语，故用名词形式。 该句句意为：这就是一些年轻人仍然喜欢传统工作的原因。 B (2019 山西太原阶段性测评) In the past few years， more than half of bookstores in China have closed down,11. is the result of the 12. (compete) with online bookstores.But the success of Sisyphe Bookstore，one of the 13. (big) privately-

48、owned bookstore chains in China，may serve 14. a great example. 15 (found) in 1993， Sisyphe started to transform and upgrade its business in 2009 to seek its profitability.Now，it not only devotes itself to 16. (sell) books，but combines the functions of the bookstore，cafe and the sale of 17. (create) cultural products.Sisyphe opens its bookstores in shopping malls in order to take advantage of the large number of consumers of shopp