高三英语 阅读理解 第2节 推理判断题 2 观点态度题
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1、二二、观点态度题观点态度题 (2019 北京,C) The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they dont know.By next year,half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈)We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of too
2、ls, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.Unfortunately,its too little,too late.By the time these “solutions”(解决方案)become widely available,scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.In the near future,its not just going to be the number you see on your screen that w
3、ill be in doubt.Soon you will also question whether the voice youre hearing is actually real. Thats because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation(处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use.At this years I/O Conference,a company showed a ne
4、w voice technology able to produce such a convincing human- sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection. These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to d
5、o with amount than precision.A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mothers name,and far more.Armed with this knowledge,theyre able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.This means, for example, that
6、a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank tellers,tricking you into “confirming” your address,mothers name,and card number.Scammers follow money,so companies will be the worst hit.A lot of business is still done
7、over the phone,and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships.Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually. We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks.Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what
8、 is real.That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images,showing when and who they were made by,or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data- based communicationsusing apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp,which can be tied to your identity. Credibility is hard to
9、earn but easy to lose,and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out. 语篇解读 随着科技的发展,诈骗手段越来越多样,骚扰电话给人们带来了危害。 38How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls? APanicked. BConfused. CEmbarrassed. DDisappointed. 答案 D 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Unfortunately,its too little,t
10、oo late.By the time these solutions(解决方案) become widely available,scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.”可知这些措施太少,也太晚,等到这些“解决方案”被广泛使用时,不法分子就会 转向更聪明的手段。 由此可推知, 作者对骚扰电话问题的解决方案感到很失望, 故 D 项正确。 39Taking advantage of the new technologies,scammers can . Aaim at victims precisely Bdamage databases ea
11、sily Cstart campaigns rapidly Dspread information widely 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision.”可知, 骚扰电话让人头疼的原因是它能准确地获取受害人的信 息,故 A 项正确。 40What does the passage imply? AHonesty is the best policy. BTechnologies can be double- edged.
12、 CThere are more solutions than problems. DCredibility holds the key to development. 答案 B 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段可知,新技术可以给人们带来便利,第三段论述了这一技术 让不法分子有了可乘之机,由此可知,技术是把双刃剑,故 B 项正确。 41Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? AWhere the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted BWho Is to Blame for the Pr
13、oblem of Robocalls CWhy Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous DHow Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology 答案 C 解析 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,首段介绍了越来越多的人拒接未知号码的电话的现象, 接下来着重阐述了这类电话给人们带来危害的原因,最后给出了解决方案,故 C 项最适合作 本文标题。 一、题型解读 所谓作者的观点和态度,就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者 的观点和态度一般分为三大类:支持、赞同、乐观;客观、中立;反对、批评、怀疑、
14、悲观。 作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此,在推断过程中,应特别 注意文中作者的措辞,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章 作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法,或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问形 式常有: 1Whats the writers attitude towards.? 2What is the authors opinion on.? 3What does the author think/feel about.? 二、解题技巧“忠于措辞”定选项 1 文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于
15、修饰 词之中,注意文中作者或人物的措辞。 (1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思,切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。 (2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。 (3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。 (4)关注首段首尾句,推断文章主题,确定作者观点。 2要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语,再以此对照文章内容。下面 是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语: (1)表示支持或肯定的词语 favorable 赞同的,有利的;positive 积极的,肯定的,确实的;supportive 支持的;a
16、pproval 赞成,正式批准;reasonable 合理的;enthusiastic 热情的等。 (2)表示反对或否定的词语 critical 批评的;negative 否定的,消极的;disapproval 不赞成;impractical 不实际的;radical 激进的;prejudiced 有成见的,偏颇的等。 (3)表示中立、客观的态度 objective 客观的;neutral 中立的; indifferent 漠然的 例如: 【真题感悟】 中第 38 题。 根据第一段中的“Unfortunately, its too little, too late.By the time th
17、ese solutions(解决方案) become widely available,scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.”可知这些措施太少,也太晚,等到这些“解决方案”被广泛使用时,不法分 子就会转向更聪明的手段。由此可推知,作者对骚扰电话问题的解决方案感到很失望,故 D 项正确。 A (2019 吉林三模) For the last few months, I have given up what was previously one of my favorite foods: beef.Eating less red meat an
18、d be healthier, better for the environment andsurprisingly to mereally easy to do so.Sometimes it seems like much of our food is stuck in a cycle of excessive(过度的) production and excessive 1consumption. Meat consumption today contributes to 4global warming and environmental degradation(退 化)Its 2esti
19、mated that 14.5% of global man- made greenhouse gas emission(排放) come from livestock(家畜)which is more than the contribution from all forms of transport.Beef production 5makes up 41% of those emissions. Last year, Brazil reported a 28% increase in Amazonian deforestation(森林采伐)80% of deforested land i
20、n Brazil is then used for cattle farming.Modern beef farming is also a huge drain(流干) on water resources. But it is possible to change.Reducing meat consumption is a growing trend,8driven by health and environmental considerations.A switch to a “healthy diet” as 6recommended by Harvard Medical Schoo
21、lwhich still includes eating meat,fish and eggswould reduce greenhouse gas emissions from food production by 36%.The Norwegian military announced it is switching a one- day to a one- week vegetarian diet in a move against global warming, while even in the US consumption of red- meat is falling. And
22、as for yours truly, I feel healthier, more active and by making my diet more varied I never feel like I am missing out on anything.Stopping eating beef has also had a knock- on effect on the rest of my diet,and I am eating less.Cattle and other livestock dont have to be environmentally harmful.Grass
23、- fed cattle need much smaller resource input.And as it has been shown, livestock, if managed properly, can even restore degraded land. In the longer term, as Bill Gates highlighted, there is also great potential for advance in fields like synthetic(合成) meat. And there are other more sources of effi
24、cient protein; like insects! 9But in a world where more people are now dying from obesity than malnutrition(营养不良)when hundreds of millions of people still dont have enough to eat, we cant solve this problem by simply continuing to make “conventional” intensive farming more intensive. 语篇解读 本文主要讲了牛肉的消
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