2020年高考英语《名词与冠词》练习卷及答案解析
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1、名词与名词与冠词冠词 1When you enter a hotel, the top _ is to find out where all the available exit routes are in case you need to get out in an emergency. Aprivilege Bpriority Cpreference Dprinciple 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:当你进入酒店时,你的首要任务是找出所有可用的出口路线,以防你 需要在紧急情况下离开。priority“优先事项,首要事情”,符合句意。privilege“特权”;preferenc
2、e“偏爱,偏 爱的事物”;principle“规范,原则”。 2The health of garden plants depends on the soil _ the proper balance of mineral pieces, organic matter, air, and water. Aconstruction Bconservation Ccorporation Dcomposition 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:园艺植物的健康取决于土壤的组成成分矿物质、有机物质、空气 和水的适当平衡。composition“构成,成分”,符合语境。construction“
3、建造, 建筑”;conservation“保存,保 护”;corporation“法人,大型公司”。 3The audience burst into laughter because of the _ of the tongue from the host, who said, “Good ladies, evening and gentlemen.” Aslip Bslide Cseal Dspit 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:由于主持人的口误,观众突然大笑起来,主持人说:“女士们好,晚上 和先生们。” a slip of the tongue“口误”,符合语境。slide“滑
4、动”;seal“印章,封条”;spit“唾沫”。 4Mo Yan, a most widely- read writer,takes a complete new_ to describing Chinas rural and folk culture. Away Bapproach Cpassage Dentry 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:莫言的作品被广泛阅读,他采用了全新的方法来描述中国的乡村民间 文化。 an approach to 为固定搭配, 相当于 a way of, 意为“的方法”; passage 指人们行走的“通道, 走廊”, 不符合本句要求;entry 意为“
5、进入,进入权,入口处”,不符合本句要求。 5Music grows and evolves through the _ of different cultures and styles. Ainteraction Bcompetition Cconnection Dinterpretation 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:音乐是通过不同文化和风格的互相影响而发展和演变的。interaction“互 相影响,互相作用”;competition“竞争”;connection“联系”;interpretation“理解,演绎”。 6She was admitted to college
6、and she had to make some _ and learn to lead an independent life there. Aprogress Badjustment Cdifference Dassessment 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:她被大学录取了,因此她不得不做些调整并学会在那儿独立生活。 adjustment“调整,调节”,符合语境。progress“进步”;difference“差异,不同”;assessment“评价,评估”。 7The survey shows that the US is still a favorite _ for stu
7、dying abroad. Aopportunity Bdestination Cchallenge Dqualification 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:调查表明,美国依旧是人们出国留学最喜欢的目的地。根据句意可知, 此处应填 destination“目的地”,故答案选 B 项。 8Mr. Smith, when can I go to America? Ive made a _ for you on the morning flight. Aregulation Bpresentation Creservation Dcontribution 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词辨
8、析。句意:史密斯先生,我什么时候能去美国?我已经为你预订了一个 早班飞机的座位。根据句意,表示“预订”要用 make a reservation。regulation“管理,规则”;presentation“展 示,描述,陈述”;contribution“贡献,捐献”,均不符合句意。 9Many people think that the sentence of death is too severe a(n) _ for any crime. Adefeat Btreatment Cpunishment Dinjury 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:许多人认为死刑对任何犯罪来说都是
9、太严厉的处罚。a severe punishment 表示“严厉的处罚”,故选 punishment。 10When asked what is the _ of happiness, different people will give different answers. Ahabit Bsource Corigin Dresource 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:当被问到什么是快乐的源泉这个问题时,不同的人会给出不同的答案。 habit“习惯,习性”;source“根源,来源”;origin“起源,血统”;resource“资源”。 11Though spending muc
10、h time on events out of their control, they felt some _ to be at an advantage finally. Aamazement Brelief Ccuriosity Dnervousness 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:尽管在不受他们控制的事情上花了大量时间,但最终能够处于优势让 他们略感宽慰。amazement“惊讶”;relief“宽慰,轻松”;curiosity“好奇心”;nervousness“紧张不安”。 12Finding information in todays world is easy.The
11、_ is how you can tell whether the information you get is useful or not. Aknowledge Bability Ccompetition Dchallenge 【答案】D 【解析】句意:当今世界找信息很容易,挑战在于你如何辨别你所获得的信息是否有用。A.知识;B. 能力;C.竞赛;D.挑战,艰巨任务。故选 D。 13It is astonishing what you can do with chocolate if you have enough of it.Give full play to your _ and ha
12、ve a try! Aimagination Bpuzzlement Cattention Dqualification 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:如果你有足够多的巧克力,你能用它做出来的东西令人吃惊。充分发 挥你的想象力去尝试一下吧!根据语境可知,此空填 imagination“想象力”。puzzlement“疑惑”;attention“注 意力”;qualification“资格”。 14The patients family has expressed their _ to the press in letters for the money raised. Apurpos
13、e Bapologies Cgratitude Dsympathy 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:病人家属在信中为收到的捐款向媒体表达了感激之情。purpose“目的”; apology“道歉”;gratitude“感激;感谢”;sympathy“同情”。 15When you cast a_for others, you help them see their potential and their possibilities. Aglance Bdoubt Cshadow Dvision 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:当你为他人投射一个愿景时,你帮助他们看到自己的潜力和
14、可能性。 glance 意为“一瞥”;doubt 意为“怀疑”;shadow 意为“影子”;vision 意为“构想,设想”。根据句意可知应选 D 项。 16The _ of cultures between Europeans and the Romanies led to many nations taking action against them. Acooperation Bsimilarity Cconvention Dcollision 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:欧洲人和吉卜赛人之间的文化冲突导致了许多国家对他们采取行动。 cooperation“合作”;simil
15、arity“相似处”;convention“习俗”;collision“碰撞,冲突”。根据语境可知选 D 项。 17As is often the case, teachers _ with parents involve complaints about childrens misbehaviors and laziness in school. Aacquaintances Bnegotiations Cconferences Dconsultations 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:情况经常是这样,家长会上老师抱怨孩子们在校的顽皮和懒惰。 conference“会议”;acq
16、uaintance“知道,熟悉”;negotiation“协商”;consultation“请教,咨询,磋商”。 18For sustainable development, the government has decided to give _ to those energy- conserving and environment- friendly businesses in many aspects. Apermission Bprofit Cpreference Dphenomenon 【答案】C 【解析】 句意: 为了可持续发展, 政府已经决定在各个方面给予那些节能环保的企业优惠。
17、 give preference to.“给予优先权或优惠”;permission“允许”;profit“利润”;phenomenon“现象”。 19The local authorities provide every college student this year with an annual_ of 4,000 yuan for food and tuition fees. Aaward Badmission Callowance Dacquisition 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:今年地方当局给每个大学生每年提供 4 000 元作为食物和学费的补贴。 allowanc
18、e“补贴,津贴”,符合语境。award“奖品”;admission“承认,入场费”;acquisition“获得”。 20In Beijing opera, performers are required to paint their faces in patterns and colors to help show the_and depths of the characters personalities. Adimensions Bcertificates Coccupations Dconsciences 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:在京剧里,表演者们被要求在脸上画上图案并
19、着色,以帮助展示人物 个性的广度和深度。根据句意,此处表示“广度”,所以要选 dimensions。而 certificate“证书”;occupation“职 业,占有”;conscience“道德心,良心”,均不符合句意。 21Many parents received a message about the class_ because of hazy days in Beijing. Ainspection Bsuspension Canticipation Dparticipation 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:在北京,许多父母都收到了由于雾霾而暂时停课的信息。 A 项
20、意为“考察,视察”;B 项意为“暂停,暂令停学”;C 项意为“预见,预期”;D 项意为“参加”。根据句意 可知,B 项符合语境。 22As a qualified lawyer, he must always consider the best interests of his _ Aclients Bcolleagues Corganizations Dcompanions 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词。句意:作为一名合格的律师,他必须总是考虑其委托人的最大利益。client“委托人, 当事人”,符合句意。colleague“同事”;organization“机构”;companion“同伴
21、”。 23Many people tend to assume that_ just means creating something new, but actually its more than thatits an attitude of doing things. Aimitation Bimagination Cinnovation Dinspiration 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:许多人往往会认为创新仅仅意味着创造一些新的东西,但是事实上它 远不止此, 它(还)是一种做事的态度。 imitation 意为“模仿, 效仿”; imagination 意为“想象, 想象
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