2020年北师大版高中英语选修8课件：Unit23 Grammar—Emphatic Structures：Inversion and “It” Cleft Sentences & Perfectverb forms

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1、,Unit 23 Conflict,PART 1,语法导学,PART 2,达标检测,GrammarEmphatic Structures：Inversion and “It” Cleft Sentences & Perfect verb forms,PART 1,语法导学,感悟规律 重点难点剖析,感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题,语法感知,1.Seldom has drumming caused such conflict. 2.Had they known their neighbour was a drummer，they wouldnt have moved into the buil

2、ding. 3.No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full nights sleep. 4.Neither could they relax or read a book without plugging their ears. 5.It was only after careful consideration that we gave Yang Ming a warning.,(一),6but it is the fact that people have classified

3、 his music as “noise” that upsets him most. 7.She added that it wasnt so much the water falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered them.,1.句1、3、4为否定词置于句首，引起的 倒装。 2.句2省略if，将 提前，还原句2为：If they had known their.。 3.句5、 6、7是 用于强调结构中。,查看答案,部分,had,it,(二),1.Why havent you been in

4、 touch? 2.What have you been doing during the holidays? 3.I expect you have been working hard for your exams! 4.At least by the time I get back I will have read that awfully boring book that my history teacher has made me read over the holidays. 5.Id loved to have had a drink of water but my brother

5、 had finished it all! 6.Then he remembered once having been taken round the tower when we were younger.,1.以上句子分别使用了不同的 或 形式来表达“完成”的概念。 2.根据以上例句，表示“完成”的动词形式有： 时态(句1)；_ 时态(句2、3)； 时态(句4)； 的完成式(句5)；_ 的完成式(句6、9)； 时态(句7)；含有 的完成时态(句8、10)。,7.Well，he had been standing there for a minute or so when there was

6、a noise. 8.It must have been an instinctive reaction but. 9.Having come here every summer means that most of the people in the village are really friendly. 10.I suppose they must have known me since I was a baby.,查看答案,时态,非谓语动词,现在完成,现在完成,进行,将来完成,不定式,形式,动词-ing,过去完成进行,情态动词,语法精析,.强调结构：倒装句和分裂句“It” 一、倒装句

7、1.倒装的含义 在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时为了强调句子的某一部分或其他原因，谓语需要全部或部分移到主语的前面，这叫语序倒装。 2.倒装的分类 倒装有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。在倒装语序中，若整个谓语都在主语之前，则称为完全倒装；若谓语一部分(通常是助动词、情态动词或be动词)位于主语之前，则称之为部分倒装。,3.完全倒装的应用场合 (1)there be句型中，其中be可换作appear，come，exist，happen，lie，remain，seem，stand，ring等动词。 There stands a temple on the top of the

8、 mountain. 山顶上有一座寺庙。 There rings the bell.铃响了。 (2)由副词here，there，now，then 等开头的句子，谓语动词是be，come，follow，go，begin等，且主语是名词时。 There goes the last bus.末班车开走了。 Here are some picture-books.这是一些图画书。,(3)表“动态”的副词in，out等置于句首作状语，且句子主语是名词时。 Out rushed the girl，crying.那个女孩哭着跑出来了。 注意代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。 In she came and the

9、 lesson began. 她走进来开始上课。 (4)表示地点的介词词组位于句首时。 In the north of the city lies a river.城北有条河。 In front of our house stands a big tree. 我们的房子前有一棵大树。,(5)such置于句首时(多被认为是表语，such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致)。 Such is life！人生就是这样！ Such were his words.他就是这样说的。 (6)作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时，此时倒装结构为“表语连系动词主语”。 形容词连系动词主语 Present

10、 at the meeting were some important figures. 出席会议的是一些重要人物。,分词连系动词主语 Gone are the days when Chinese were burdened with three mountains. 中国人民肩负三座大山的日子一去不复返了。 Sitting in front of the house was a little girl. 一个小女孩坐在房子的前面。 介词短语连系动词主语 Among the goods are Christmas trees，flowers，candles and toys. 这些商品里有圣诞

11、树、鲜花、蜡烛和玩具。,4.部分倒装的应用场合 (1)否定或半否定意义的副词或介词短语置于句首时，引起部分倒装结构。常见的词有以下几种： 否定意义系列：no，nowhere，not，never； 否定意义短语“绝不”系列：in no way，at no time，in no case，by no means，on no account，on/under no condition； 半否定意义系列：seldom，hardly，scarcely，barely，little，few等。 By no means is she an inexperienced teacher. 她绝不是个毫无经验的老师

12、。,Under no condition should you tell them what happened. 你绝不能告诉他们所发生的事。 Seldom does he go to the park at weekend. 周末他很少去公园。 注意：few，little 作主语或修饰主语时，则用陈述语序。 Few students are in the classroom after 10 oclock in the evening. 晚上十点钟之后很少有学生在教室里。,(2)常使用部分倒装的否定词在句首的特殊句型。 not only.but (also).连接两个分句时，若not onl

13、y置于句首，前一个分句用部分倒装结构，而后一个分句不倒装。 Not only are the students planting trees，but (also) the teacher is.不仅学生们在种树，老师也在种。 neither.nor.连接两个分句时，两个分句都用部分倒装。 Neither have I seen him recently，nor have I heard from him.我最近既没见到他，也没收到他的来信。,“hardly(scarcely/barely)when.”和“no sooner.than.”句型，意为“一就”。当hardly(scarcely/ba

14、rely) 或no sooner置于句首时，主句的谓语动词用部分倒装，并且主句多用过去完成时。 Hardly had we sat down at the table when the phone rang.No sooner had we sat down at the table than the phone rang. 我们刚在桌子旁坐下，电话铃就响了。 not until从句或短语在句首时，后面主句的谓语动词用部分倒装结构，而从句不倒装。 Not until she saw the present did she feel happy. 直到看到礼物，她才感到高兴。,注意：若not u

15、ntil句型用在强调句中，则不倒装。 It was not until she saw the present that she felt happy. 直到看到礼物，她才感到高兴。 (3)“so形容词/副词that”和“such名词that”句型，意为“如此以至于”。当“so形容词/副词”，“such名词”位于句首时，主句的谓语动词用部分倒装结构，但从句不倒装。 So beautiful a girl/Such a beautiful girl is she that many young boys fall in love with her. 她是一个如此美丽的姑娘，以至于许多年轻小伙子都

16、爱上了她。,(4)当副词only 强调状语(介词短语/副词/状语从句)，并且置于句首时，主句谓语动词用部分倒装。 Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 只有到他回来时我们才发现实情。 注意：但如果only不用于以上结构，只修饰主语时，不用倒装。 Only his brother was right. 只有他的弟弟(哥哥)是对的。 (5)so/neither/nor置于句首，表示前者情况也适用于后者，其句型为：so/neither/norbe动词/助动词/情态动词主语。so与前面的肯定句呼应；neither，nor与前面的否定句呼应。,

17、He has passed the exam，so have I. 他考试及格了，我也是。 If you dont do the work，neither shall I. 如果你不做这项工作，我也不做。 注意：如果后一句只是单纯地重复前一句的内容，对其肯定或附和，此时译作“确实(如此)”，则采用陈述语序。 John won the first prize in the contest. So he did. 约翰在比赛中获得了一等奖。 确实如此。,(6)省略if的虚拟条件句以had/were/should开头引起的倒装。 Had he worked harder，he would have

18、got through the exam. 要是他再努力一点，他会通过考试的。 Were she my friend，I would ask her for help. 如果她是我的朋友，我就会请她帮忙。 Should it rain tomorrow，we should have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. 如果明天下雨，我们就推迟去杨浦大桥的参观活动。,(7)as引导的让步状语从句，通常把从句中的表语、状语、甚至谓语动词的一部分置于句首。 Young as he is，he has travelled to many countri

19、es. 尽管年轻，但他已经游历过很多国家。 注意：在as引导的让步状语从句中，当表语是名词，且为单数形式放于句首时，其前不能加冠词。 Beggar as he is，he looks very proud. 尽管他是个乞丐，但看上去很高傲。,(8)though引导的让步状语从句可以倒装，也可以不倒装；although引导的让步状语从句不倒装。 Although we were tired，we kept walking. Though we were tired，we kept walking. Tired though we were，we kept walking. Tired as we

20、 were，we kept walking. 尽管累了，我们仍继续前行。,二、强调句(分裂句“It”),1.强调句型的基本结构,I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. It was I that/who met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.(强调主语) It was Li Ming that/who I met at the railway station yesterday.(强调宾语) It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming

21、 yesterday.(强调地点状语) It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.(强调时间状语) 昨天我在火车站遇到了李明。 注意：(1)强调主语时，that/who后的谓语与被强调的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 (2)强调谓语则用do/does/did来完成。,2.强调句型的变式 (1)一般疑问句：Is/Was it被强调部分that其他部分？ Was it in the house that he made it? 他是在那所房子里做的那件事吗？ (2)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词is/was itthat其他部分？ W

22、hen was it that China sent naval ships to protect ships against pirates? 中国是什么时候派军舰去打击海盗保护船只的？ (3)not.until.句型的强调句：It is/was not until被强调部分that其他部分。 I didnt leave until he came. It was not until he came that I left. 直到他来，我才离开。,3.“删减法”判断强调句 把“It is/was”和“that”删去后，可重新排列一下句子，如果句子结构完整、句意通顺，就是强调句，否则就不是强调

23、句。 It is Tom that often helps me with my English.(强调句)汤姆经常帮我学习英语。 It is strange that he did not come at all.(非强调句) 真奇怪，他竟然没来。,.表达“完成”的动词形式 1.现在完成时：表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响，也可以表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 Ive learned 2,000 words. 我已经学了2 000个单词了。 I have visited most of the cities in China since five years

24、 ago. 五年来我已游遍了中国的大多数城市。,2.现在完成进行时：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作可能还要继续下去。 I have been sitting here all the afternoon. 我在这儿坐了整整一下午了。 They have been fighting for independence since the 1960s. 他们从20世纪60年代以来一直在为独立而斗争。 3.过去完成时：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。 How many English films had you seen

25、 by the end of last month? 到上个月底，你看了多少部英文电影？ I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 车来的时候，我已经在车站等了20分钟了。,4.过去完成进行时：表示在过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。 At last they got the letter they had been expecting. 最后他们收到了他们一直期待的信。 Nobody knew what they had been doing all these years. 没有人知道他们这些年都在干

26、什么。 5.将来完成时：表示在将来某一时间以前能够完成的动作。 Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter. 不久他就会完全忘记这件事的。 We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term. 到本学期末，我们将学完12个单元。,6.不定式的完成式：表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。 Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. 对不起，给你添了这么多麻烦。 He seems to have caught a cold. 他似乎已经

27、感冒了。 7.动词-ing形式的完成式：表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。 Not having been told what to do，she had to wait at home. 没有人告诉她要干什么，她只能在家里等着。 I remembered having given it back as soon as I got home. 我记得我一到家就把它还了。,8.情态动词have done should/ought to have done sth. 本该做某事而实际上没做 must have done sth. 一定做了某事 neednt have done sth. 本不必做某事而

28、实际上做了 can have done sth. (用在否定句和疑问句中)可能做了某事 could have done sth. (用在肯定句中)可能做了某事；本能做某事而实际上未做 may have done sth. 可能做了某事 might have done sth. (用在肯定句中)可能做了某事；本可能做某事而实际上未做,She should have told me the news earlier. 她本应该早点告诉我这个消息的。 She cant have finished it.她不可能做完了这件事。 He might have arrived now.现在他可能到了。,高考

29、链接,查看答案,Were it not for,Had it not been,查看答案,3.They didnt encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas until recently. Not until recently the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.(2016江苏) 4.Lily realized that she had left the contract at home onl

30、y when she walked into the office. Only when Lily walked into the office that she had left the contract at home.(2015天津),did they encourage,did she realize,查看答案,5.Mo Yan had no sooner stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. No sooner on the stage than the audience brok

31、e into thunderous applause.(2014陕西),had Mo Yan stepped,查看答案,.用适当的连接词或所给动词的正确形式填空 1.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _ (make) over the years.(2019全国) 2.Since 2011，the country (grow) more corn than rice.(2018全国) 3.If the new safety system (put) to use，the accident would ne

32、ver have happened.(2017北京) 4.It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors.(2017天津),has grown,had been put,that,have made,查看答案,5.You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.(2016天津) 6.Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 1

33、9th century his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015重庆) 7.It was when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.(2015湖南),that,that,that,查看答案,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 1.Since thenfor all these yearswe had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they p

34、lease.(2014新课标全国，短文改错) 2.Unfortunately，by the time I got back，they have finished the scene and the actor couldnt be seen anywhere.(2011陕西，短文改错),have,had,3.I couldnt believe my lucknot only did I had my photo taken with him，but he signed his name on my shirt！(2011陕西，短文改错) 4.If you tell him a secret，n

35、ever will he talks about it with anybody else. (2010重庆，短文改错),have,talk,查看答案,PART 2,达标检测,当堂检测 基础达标演练,1.I had no sooner got home than it began to rain heavily.(改为倒装句) got home it began to rain heavily. 2.If you had taken my advice，you wouldnt have failed in the examination. (改为倒装句) my advice，you would

36、nt have failed in the examination. 3.Where did you meet your old friend yesterday？(改为强调句) you met your old friend yesterday?,.根据要求改写下列句子,查看答案,No sooner had I,than,Had you taken,Where was it that,4.A person seldom lives to be a hundred years old.(改为倒装句) a person live to be a hundred years old. 5.I di

37、dnt realize the importance of learning English well until I went to England.(强调状语) I went to England I realized the importance of learning English well.,查看答案,Seldom does,It was not until,that,6.Great changes taken place in his hometown in the last ten years. 7.You have be painting the house all day.

38、 8.We have learned English for three years by the end of last year. 9.It had been rained for five days.The fields were all flooded. 10.You have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误), have, will,been,查看答案,had,raining,11. ，she couldnt get the door open. 尽管她努力尝试，就是无法打开门。 12.Only when

39、 he reached the tea-house that he was quite mistaken. 直到到达了茶馆，他才意识到自己弄错了。 13.Its nice.Never before such a special drink! 这种饮料很好。以前我从未喝过这么特别的饮料！,.完成句子,查看答案,Try as/though she might,did he realize,have I had,14. ，the man decided to return to his homeland. 在这个城市生活了四年之后，这个人决定回到家乡去。 15.The engine doesnt work.There something wrong with it. 这台发动机不工作了，一定是出故障了。,Having lived in this city for four years,must have been,查看答案,