2020届清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试1月英语试题（解析版）

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1、 中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试 2020 年年 1 月测试月测试 英语试卷英语试卷 本试卷共本试卷共 150 分，考试时间分，考试时间 100 分钟。分钟。 第一部分阅读理解第一部分阅读理解( (共两节，满分共两节，满分 60 分分) ) 第一节第一节( (共共 15 小题；每小题小题；每小题 3 分，满分分，满分 45 分分) ) A Four of the Oldest Buildings in the World Knap of Howar One of the oldest buildings in the world is the Knap of Howa

2、r, which dates back to 3700-3500 BCE.The farmhouse is one of the oldest, still-standing stone houses in Europe. It includes two stone homes linked through a hidden passage and joint walls. Archaeologists say Irish or Scottish monks could be the first builders and residents of the Knap of Howar. Alth

3、ough the house is still standing, these abandoned places around the world are better candidates for restoration. gantija Temples The Megalithic Temples of Malta, or the gantija Temples, date back to 3600 to 3200 BCE. The two temples on the island of Malta are UNESCO World Heritage sites. Its one of

4、the oldest free-standing monuments in the world. Archaeologists think the temple was used for ritual animal sacrifices. Shunet el-Zebib Shunet el-Zebib is partially standing, but mostly in ruins. Its still, however, one of the oldest buildings in the world. The Egyptian temple built in 2750 BCE is o

5、f mud and brick. It has an underground tomb as well as an above-ground complex. Architecturally, its a nod to the Egyptian pyramids soon to come. Tomb of Cyrus Built in 530 BCE, the Tomb of Cyrus is one of Irans World Heritage Sites and one of the oldest buildings on the planet. Its also believed to

6、 be one of the first earthquake-protected structures in the world, according to Atlas Obscura. The base isolating used on the tomb protects the main structure from moving apart from the foundation. 1. What do the four buildings have in common? A. All of them are located in Europe. B. All of them are

7、 made of stone and mud. C. All of them are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. D. All of them were built before the birth of Christ. 2. Which of the four buildings may be the strongest? A. Knap of Howar. B. gantija Temples. C. Shunet el-Zebib. D. Tomb of Cyrus. 3. Which of the following is True according t

8、o the passage? A. Shunet el-Zebib is earthquake protected. B. Tomb of Cyrus has an underground tomb. C. gantija Temples are built by Irish monks. D. Knap of Howar may be the oldest building among the four. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. D 【解析】 这是篇说明文。短文介绍了世界上最古老的四座建筑。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。由 Knap of Howar 中“ One of the o

9、ldest buildings in the world is the Knap of Howar, which dates back to 3700-3500 BCE”. gantija Temples 中的“ The Megalithic Temples of Malta, or the gantija Temples, date back to 3600 to 3200 BCE”. Shunet el-Zebib 中的“The Egyptian temple built in 2750 BCE is of mud and brick”. Tomb of Cyrus 中的“Built in

10、 530 BCE, the Tomb of Cyrus is one of Irans World Heritage Sites and one of the oldest buildings on the planet”可 知，世界上最古老的建筑之一是 霍沃尔小山，它可以追溯到公元前 3700-3500 年。马耳他的巨石神庙，或 称“甘蒂亚神庙”，可追溯到公元前 3600年至 3200 年。埃及神庙建于公元前 2750年，由泥土和砖块建成。 塞勒斯墓建于公元前 530年，是伊朗的世界遗产之一，也是地球上最古老的建筑之一。所以这四座建筑共 同之处是所有这些建筑都是在基督诞出生之前建造的。故选

11、D项。 【2 题详解】 推理判断题。由 Tomb of Cyrus 中的“ Its also believed to be one of the first earthquake-protected structures in the world, according to Atlas Obscura. The base isolating used on the tomb protects the main structure from moving apart from the foundation”可知， 据阿特拉斯蒙斯卡(Atlas Obsura)称， 它也被认为是世界上最早的抗震建筑

12、之一。 坟墓上使用的地基隔离层保护主体结构不会从地基上移动。由此推断出，赛勒斯墓是四个建筑中最结实的 建筑。故选 D 项。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。由 Knap of Howar 中的“ One of the oldest buildings in the world is the Knap of Howar, which dates back to 3700-3500 BCE”可知， 世界上最古老的建筑之一是霍沃尔小山，它可以追溯到公元前 3700-3500 年。 所以霍沃尔小山是这四幢建筑中最古老的。故选 D项。 B In the summer of 2010, Deborah Bar

13、rett and her son, Anthony, walked out of a restaurant near the Edmonton high school from which hed graduated two years earlier. They had volunteered to wash dishes there to give Anthony something to do, but when they went out, the sun sliced through the clouds and Deborah had a realization: my kid i

14、s not spending his life in a dish pit. Cleaning plates isnt the only option for high-school graduates. But Anthony has autism(自闭症)and is mostly non-verbal, aside from short words in answer to yes-or-no questions and the Eeeee sounds he makes when hes excited, happy or frustrated. Once a person with

15、intellectual disabilities ages out of school, “Theres no life for them,” Deborah says. Programs end, and jobs are usually humble. As her son entered his 20s, Deborah thought about what he could do and what he enjoyed. Among his likes: being driven around and carrying things, as well as seeing new pl

16、aces but not staying long. Maybe he could be a courier? The catch: Anthony doesnt move fast, and courier jobs would require his support staff to be his driver and co-worker. That wasnt an issue for Mike Hamm. In 2012, he became Anthonys new assistant and embraced the plan of spending part of their d

17、ays delivering packages as a team. The pair called their venture Anthony at Your Service, signed a few customers and set out in Hamms lorry. Seven years later, boxes awaiting distribution are piled on the porch of the home. Anthony, 30, shares with Deborah and her husband, David, a lawyer. The compa

18、ny now has two-dozen delivery teams each comprising a contractor with an intellectual disability and their support-worker contractor in Edmonton and Calgary. Launching a company that employs 24 contractors with intellectual disabilities, and all the logistics that come along with that, wasnt the ori

19、ginal plan, Deborah says. But the realities of delivery work the peaks and valleys in demand, the long hours meant that Anthony and Hamm couldnt shoulder the load alone.And the feedback she received from Albertas autistic and intellectually disabled communities suggested they wanted to work for a co

20、mpany that understood them. Running Anthony at Your Service has become Deborahs full-time, and she gave up her psychotherapy practice and the presidency of Autism Society Alberta a couple years ago. “What Im doing for Anthony now has made more difference in his life than any of that other work,” she

21、 says. “We want to create jobs for people with all kinds of abilities and disabilities.” 4. Whats the future of the persons with intellectual disabilities according to Deborah? A. They will lose their lives. B. They will get well-paid jobs. C. They will clean plates in restaurants. D. They will find

22、 it hard to find a decent job. 5. What does the underlined word “courier” mean in the 3 rd paragraph? A. Accountant. B. Barber. C. Deliveryman. D. Engineer. 6. What can be inferred from the passage? A. David launched the company for his son. B. Anthonys contractors are mainly disabled. C. Deborah ga

23、ve up her original job unwillingly. D. Mike Hamm is an intellectually disabled person. 7. Which of the following words can best describe Deborah Barrett? A. Accessible. B. Caring. C. Humorous. D. Modest. 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. B 【解析】 这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了 Deborah 和患有自闭症的儿子 Anthony，随着 Anthony年龄的增长， Deborah 为

24、了 Anthony 能够更好的生存，创建了“安东尼为您服务”快递公司，公司雇佣的员工主要是患有智能障 碍的人。她为这些患有智能障碍的人创造了良好的就业机会。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。由第二段“Once a person with intellectual disabilities ages out of school, “Theres no life for them,” Deborah says. Programs end, and jobs are usually humble”可知，一旦一个患有智能障碍的人离开了学校，“他 们无法生活，” Deborah 说。他们所从事的工作也很不起

25、眼。所以根据 Deborah 的说法，患有智能障碍的 人的未来是他们会发现很难找到一份体面的工作。故选 D 项。 【5 题详解】 词义猜测题。 由第四段“In 2012, he became Anthonys new assistant and embraced the plan of spending part of their days delivering packages as a team ”可知，2012 年，他成为了安东尼的新助手，并欣然接受了这个计划，他们 的一部分时间用来运送包裹。通过上下文的语境可以判断出，第三段划线的单词“courier”是 Deliveryman“送货员

26、”。故选 C 项。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。由第四段和倒数第二段“The company now has two-dozen delivery teams each comprising a contractor with an intellectual disability and their support-worker contractor .Launching a company that employs 24 contractors with intellectual disabilities”可知，该公司现在有 24 个送货团队，每个团队由一名患有智能障碍的 人和他们的辅助工人

27、组成。公司雇佣了 24 名智障员工。由此推断出，Anthony 所雇佣的员工大部分都是残 疾人。故选 B 项。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。 由倒数第二段以及最后一段“And the feedback she received from Albertas autistic and intellectually disabled communities suggested they wanted to work for a company that understood them. We want to create jobs for people with all kinds of abili

28、ties and disabilities”可知，Deborah从阿尔伯塔省孤独症和智障社区得到的反馈信 息表明，他们希望为一家理解他们的公司工作。Deborah 想为有各种能力和有残疾的人创造就业机会。所以 Deborah能够理解这些智障人的困难，并为他们提供了良好的就业机会。由此判断出 Deborah 有同情心的且 乐于助人的。故选 B项。 C Jellyfish are unusual creatures. Theyre neither fish nor jelly. Some are among the most colourful creatures in the world, bu

29、t its best to look but not touch these invertebrates(无脊椎动物). Not only are they very fragile creatures, but many give a painful sting, and some are even deadly. Whether you admire them in an aquarium or try to avoid them in the wild, you wont be able to get these fascinating jellyfish facts out of yo

30、ur head. Heres a jellyfish fact that might come in handy: There are several names for a group of jellyfish. They include smack, bloom, and swarm. Choose the word you prefer depending on whether you think the jellyfish pack looks like a garden of blooming flowers or more like a frightening pack of st

31、ingers, and whether youre admiring them at an aquarium or if you and your fellow snorkelers are surrounded. Jellyfish have two main forms in their life cycle that look quite different from each other. Scientific American explains that an adult jellyfish, called a medusa, has a bell-shaped body with

32、tentacles(触须)flowing down below it. Young jellyfish, called polyps, look more like sea anemones, with shorter tentacles that flow up above the main body. Medusas reproduce by releasing eggs. Melanie Roberts, Senior Aquarist at SeaWorld Orlando, says that the largest jellyfish in the world is a lions

33、 mane jellyfish. The body of this beautiful orange jelly can grow up to three feet in diameter. With its 12,000 tentacles that can grow 120 feet long, Oceana.org adds that the lions mane jelly compares in size to the planets largest animal: the blue whale. Regardless of their size, jellyfish are mos

34、tly made of water. In fact, theyre about 95 per cent water.These creatures dont have brains, blood, or bones. And most jellyfish dont have eyes. Jellyfish also use their mouths both for eating and for waste removal. 8. Why cant we touch jellyfish? A. Because they may be stung. B. Because they may di

35、e easily. C. Because they may feel painful. D. Because they may hurt people. 9. What are jellyfish named after? A. Its size. B. Its color. C. Its appearance. D. Its lifestyle. 10. What can we learn from the passage? A. Mouth is an important organ for jellyfish. B. Polyps can clone themselves by layi

36、ng eggs. C. The largest jellyfish in the world is 120 feet long. D. Medusas have tentacles flowing up above the body. 11. What can be the best title of the passage? A Several facts about jellyfish. B. The two main forms of jellyfish. C. Jellyfish are neither fish nor jelly. D. Jellyfish have many di

37、fferent names. 【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. A 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了关于水母的一些信息。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。由第一段“Not only are they very fragile creatures, but many give a painful sting, and some are even deadly”可知，水母不仅是非常脆弱的生物，而且很多水母会刺痛人类，有些甚至是致命的。所以为什么我 们不能触摸水母是因为他们可能会伤害人。故选 D项。 【9 题详解】 细节理解题。由第二段“Choose the word you

38、 prefer depending on whether you think the jellyfish pack looks like a garden of blooming flowers or more like a frightening pack of stingers”可知，选择你更喜欢词取决于你认为 水母群看起来像一个盛开的花园还是更像一群可怕的刺。所以水母是以它的外表命名的。故选 C项。 【10 题详解】 细节理解题。由最后段“Jellyfish also use their mouths both for eating and for waste removal” 可知，水

39、母还利用 它们的嘴来进食和清除废物。所以我们能从这篇文章中学到嘴是水母重要的器官。故选 A 项。 【11 题详解】 主旨大意题。由第一段，第二段,第三段,第四段“Not only are they very fragile creatures, but many give a painful sting, and some are even deadly . Heres a jellyfish fact that might come in handy. Jellyfish have two main forms in their life cycle that look quite diff

40、erent from each other. Melanie Roberts, Senior Aquarist at SeaWorld Orlando, says that the largest jellyfish in the world is a lions mane jellyfish”可知，它们不仅是非常脆弱的生物，而且很多会 刺痛你，有些甚至是致命的。这是一个关于水母的事实，可能会派上用场。水母在它们的生命周期中有两 种主要的形态，它们看起来非常不同。奥兰多海洋世界的资深动物检疫员梅勒妮罗伯茨说，世界上最大 的水母是狮鬃水母。所以短文从不同的角度介绍了水母的一些信息。所以短文的最佳

41、标题为“关于水母的几 条信息”。故选 A项。 【点睛】短文通常围绕一个中心思想展开。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的中心思想。第一段常常是内容 的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，但是不少文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来。这 就要求学生学会归纳概括。 由第一段，第二段,第三段,第四段“Not only are they very fragile creatures, but many give a painful sting, and some are even deadly . Heres a jellyfish fact that might come in handy. Jell

42、yfish have two main forms in their life cycle that look quite different from each other. Melanie Roberts, Senior Aquarist at SeaWorld Orlando, says that the largest jellyfish in the world is a lions mane jellyfish”可知，它们不仅是非常脆弱的生物，而且很多会刺痛你，有些甚 至是致命的。这是一个关于水母的事实，可能会派上用场。水母在它们的生命周期中有两种主要的形态， 它们看起来非常不同。

43、奥兰多海洋世界的资深动物检疫员梅勒妮罗伯茨说，世界上最大的水母是狮鬃水 母。所以短文从不同的角度介绍了水母的一些信息。所以短文的最佳标题为“关于水母的几条信息”。故小题 4 选 A项。 D Any time we burn fossil fuels, were pumping fine particulate matter(细颗粒物)from oil, gas and other toxins(毒素)into the air. “Some of these carbon particles can persist in the lungs for decades,” says Dr. Don

44、Sin, a respirologist and director of the Centre for Heart Lung Innovation in Vancouver. Over 7,000 Canadians died from complications due to poor air quality in 2015. A study in the European Heart Journal earlier this year found that air pollution now kills 8.8 million people worldwide per year more

45、than tobacco smoking. Sin adds that womens lungs seem particularly easy to get cancer from pollution. Currently, 10,000 Canadian women die of lung cancer every year, and 15 per cent of new cases are people who have never smoked. “In Canada, lung-cancer deaths in female non-smokers will very soon pro

46、bably outnumber the deaths from breast cancer, because lung cancer is so deadly,” he says. Contributing to air pollution are the 8,000 wildfires we experience every year in Canada, like those that destroyed large areas of Alberta this past spring. These are increasing in frequency and intensity with

47、 our hotter, drier spells. A study in the Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine found that prescriptions for an asthma and COPD drug rose by 22 per cent in the Yellowknife region in the summer of 2014, when it was surrounded by wildfire smoke. The number of ER visits for breathing problems was 42 p

48、er cent higher; for children, it more than doubled. Another threat to breathing is mould, which is a concern in areas with repeated flooding, such as around New Brunswicks Saint John River, where floodwaters have been in homes for two years in a row and displaced more than 200 families. Moulds produ

49、ce toxins and spores that can trigger allergic reactions or infections if taken in. Rising sea levels and increased urban development, combined with intense rainfalls, mean we will see a lot more of it. To avoid breathing polluted air, wear a mask rated N95 not a surgical mask, which is useless, says Sin. “Those are too thin and easily torn. They wont protect you at all from air particles.” On bad-air days,get your exercise indoors, for instance by walking in an air-conditioned mall. 12. Which of the following is