【全国Ⅰ卷】2020年普通高校招生全国统一考试英语试卷（含答案解析）

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1、20202020 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试( (全国卷全国卷 I)I) 英语英语 第一节第一节( (共共 5 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.51.5 分，满分分，满分 7.57.5 分分) ) 听下面听下面 5 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A A、B B、C C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听完每段对话后， 你都有听完每段对话后， 你都有 1010 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。 每段对话仅读一遍。秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。 每段对话仅读一遍。 例

2、:How much is the shirt? A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15. 答案是 C。 1.Where are the speakers? A. At a swimming pool. B. In a clothing shop. C. At a school lab. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。 2.What will Tom do next? A. Turn down the music. B. Postpone the show. C. Stop practicing. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。 3.Wh

3、at is the woman busy doing? A. Working on a paper. B. Tidying up the office. C. Organizing a party. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。 4.When will Henry start his vacation? A. This weekend. B. Next week. C. At the end of August. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。 5.What does Donna offer to do for Bill? A. Book a fl

4、ight for him. B. Drive him to the airport. C. Help him park the car. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。 第二节第二节( (共共 1515 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.51.5 分，满分分，满分 22.522.5 分分) ) 听下面听下面 5 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A A、B B、C C 三个选项中三个选项中 选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间

5、阅读各个小题，每小题 5 5 秒钟；听完后，秒钟；听完后， 各小题将给出各小题将给出 5 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6. Why does Pete call Lucy? A. To say that hell be late. B. To tell her about his work. C. To invite her to dinner. 7. When is Pete going to see Lucy? A. At 6:00 pm. B. At 6:45 pm. C. At 8:00 pm.

6、【答案】6. A 7. B 【解析】 【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8. Why does Cathy want to quit her job？ A. Shell join another firm. B. Shell run her own business. C. Shes fed up with it. 9. What is Marks attitude towards Cathys decision? A. Forgiving. B. Sympathetic. C. Supportive. 10. What might Cathy do for

7、the present company? A. Apply for a project. B. Train a new person. C. Recommend an engineer. 【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 【解析】 【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 11. How did the man feel about his performance today? A. Greatly encouraged. B. A bit dissatisfied. C. Terribly disappointed. 12. What did the man

8、say helped him overcome the problem? A. Patience. B. Luck. C. Determination. 13. What is the woman doing? A. Conducting an interview. B. Holding a press conference. C. Hosting a ceremony. 【答案】11. B 12. C 13. A 【解析】 【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14. What is next to the apartment building？ A. A re

9、staurant. B. A laundry. C. A grocery store. 15. Which is included in the rent？ A. Electricity. B The Internet. C. Satellite TV. 16. What does the woman think of the apartment？ A. Its quite large. B. Its well furnished. C. Its worth the money. 【答案】14. C 15. A 16. C 【解析】 【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题

10、。 17. Where is Jeff from？ A. Liverpool. B. Coventry. C. Newcastle. 18. Where do young men go to watch big games according to Jeff？ A. Pubs. B. Stadiums. C. Friends homes. 19. Why does Jeff have to pick a team to support？ A. To avoid being bothered. B. To open a conversation. C. To earn respect from

11、others. 20. What does Jeff mainly talk about？ A. Englands moment of success. B. English flag as a symbol of hope. C. Englands all-time favourite sport. 【答案】17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C 【解析】 【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。 第二部分第二部分 阅读理解阅读理解( (共两节，满分共两节，满分 4040 分分) ) 第一节第一节( (共共 1515 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 2 分，满分分，满分 3030 分分) ) 阅

12、读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A A、B B、C C 和和 D D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Train Information All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30. While Queensland Rail makes ev

13、ery effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. Lost property(失物招领) Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monda

14、y to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located(位于)at Roma Street station. Public holidays On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days，i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. Christmas Day services ope

15、rate to a Christmas Day timetable，Before travel please visit translink. com. au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime. Customers using mobility devices Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance, please Queensland Rail on 13 16 17. Gua

16、rdian trains (outbound) Depart Origin Destination Arrive 6:42pm Altandi Varsity Lakes 7:37pm 7:29pm Central Varsity Lakes 8:52pm 8:57pm Fortitude Valley Varsity Lakes 9:52pm 11:02pm Roma Street Varsity Lakes 12:22am 21. What would you do get ticker information? A. Call 13 16 17. B. Visit translink .

17、com.au. C. Ask at the local station. D. Check the train schedule. 22. At which station can you find the lost property office? A. Altandi. B. Roma Street. C. Varsity Lakes. D. Fortitude Valley. 23. Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes? A. 6:42 pm. B. 7:29 pm. C. 8:57 pm.

18、 D. 11:02 pm. 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。 文章主要介绍了一些火车信息， 包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出发时间等信息。 【21 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中 For ticket information, please ask your local station or call 13 12 30.可知查询车票信 息， 请向您当地的车站询问或拨打 131230。 由此可知， 你可以询问当地车站或拨打 131230 来获得车票信息。 故选 C。 【22 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Lost property部分中 The los

19、t property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located at Roma Street station.可知失物招领处周一至周五早上 7:30 到下午 5:00营业，位于罗马街车站。由 此可知，在 Roma Street你可以找到失物招领办公室。故选 B。 【23 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Guardian trans部分中信息，可知从起始地 Central出发，开往目的地 Varsity Lakes 的火车 是下午 7:29开车。 由此可知， 如果你要从 Central去往 Varsity Lake

20、s， 你应当乘坐下午 7:29的火车。 故选 B。 B Returning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. Theres a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books dont change, people do. And thats what makes the ac

21、t of rereading so rich and transformative. The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. Its true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, its all about the present. Its about the now and what one contributes

22、to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight. There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningways A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The la

23、nguage is almost intoxicating (令人 陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazars Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortaz

24、ar. While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that

25、open further as time passes. But remember, its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends. 24. Why does the author like rereading? A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship. B. Its a window to a whole new world. C. Its a substitute for drinking with a fr

26、iend. D. It extends the understanding of oneself. 25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!? A. Its a brief account of a trip. B. Its about Hemingways life as a young man. C. Its a record of a historic event. D. Its about Hemingways friends in Paris. 26. What does the underlined word curre

27、ncy in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Debt B. Reward. C Allowance. D. Face value. 27. What can we infer about the author from the text? A. He loves poetry. B. Hes an editor. C. Hes very ambitious. D. He teaches reading. 【答案】24. D 25. B 26. B 27. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读 者去重新阅读

28、书籍。 【24 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books dont change, people do. And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变， 人变了。 那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)” 和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the older I get, the

29、 more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理 状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自 己的理解。故选 D 项。 【25 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于 1964 年，这是他关于 20 世纪 20 年代

30、在巴 黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出 A Movable Feast 是关 于海明威年轻时的生活。故选 B 项。 【26 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)” 可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”， 由此判断出划线词

31、的意思 是“回报”。故选 B 项。 【27 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortzars Save Twilight: selected poems, because poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥 科塔扎的拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选 ，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而 喜欢这本书。故选 A 项。 C Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer inju

32、ries. It does, however, have its own problem. Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay straight throug

33、h most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. Its this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass. Like running, race w

34、alking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,0

35、00 or more calories per hour. However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times

36、 their body weight with each step. As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runners knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sports strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be

37、 cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice. 28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes? A. They must run long distances. B. They are qualified f

38、or the marathon. C. They have to follow special rules. D. They are good at swinging their legs. 29. What advantage does race walking have over running? A. Its more popular at the Olympics. B. Its less challenging physically. C. Its more effective in body building. D. Its less likely to cause knee in

39、juries. 30. What is Dr. Norbergs suggestion for someone trying race walking? A. Getting experts opinions. B. Having a medical checkup. C. Hiring an experienced coach. D. Doing regular exercises. 31. Which word best describes the authors attitude to race walking? A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolera

40、nt. D. Conservative. 【答案】28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨 慎，最好咨询专家的建议。 【28 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“But the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”可知，但这

41、项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝 盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件 的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选 C项。 【29 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runners knee, are uncommon among race walkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并 不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选 D

42、项。 30 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段 Dr. Norberg 说的话“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教 练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr. Norberg 建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故 选 A 项。 【31 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many

43、fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样 有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是 客观的。故选 B 项。 D The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific resea

44、rch. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown， Ohio， for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the

45、 Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can d

46、etect harmful chemicals in groundwater. Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光)in experiments using some c

47、ommon vegetables. Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street la

48、mps. in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plants lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and offswitch where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lighting account

49、s for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. A new study of different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates. C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from