2020年中考语法专项训练之主谓一致及练习

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1、Unit 9 主谓一致 语法精讲 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致主 要有三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则（邻近原 则）。 考点1 语法一致原则 语法一致原则即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致。 1.单数主语用单数谓语形式 单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子作主语，谓语动 词要用单数形式。 The performance was very funny. 演出非常有趣。 2.复数主语用复数谓语形式 复数主语，用and或both.and.连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语 以及主语从句作主语，谓语动词需用复数形式。 They like to t

2、ravel outdoors. 他们喜欢户外旅行。 Apples and pears are delicious fruits. 苹果和梨都是美味的水果。 Both my mum and my dad are doctors. 我的爸爸和妈妈都是医生。 3.不定代词及each作主语或是修饰主语时，应看作单数，谓语动词 用单数 有些不定代词，如either, neither, each, one, the other, another, somebody, someone,something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, ev

3、erybody, no one, nothing,nobody等，虽然在意义上可能为复 数，但是谓语动词仍用单数形式。 Neither of my sisters likes sports. 我的姐妹中没人喜欢运动。 Nothing is impossible to a willing mind. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 4.不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）作主语，谓语用单数形式 Raising the pet dog is my great happiness. 饲养这只宠物狗是我最高兴的事。 To find out the truth needs a long time. 查明真相需要很长

4、时间。 5.句子作主语，即主语从句（what引导的主语从句除外），谓语动 词用单数形式 Whether well go or not depends on the weather. 我们能不能去，取决于天气。 Who is responsible for the accident is still not clear. 谁为这次事故负责尚不清楚。 考点2 意义一致原则 意义一致原则就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致。 1.集合名词作主语的主谓一致情况 有些集合名词，如crowd, family, team, orchestra（管弦乐队）, group, government,comm

5、ittee, class, school, union, firm, staff, publi等，它 们作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据语言内容而定。如果一个集合名 词意在强调整体，则谓语动词用单数形式；如强调其中的各个成员，则 谓语用复数形式。 His family is going to move. 他家要搬了。 His family are all very kind. 他的家人都很善良。 注意 如果这类集体名词后跟有定语从句，定语从句的谓语动词也遵循 意义一致的原则。 强调具体成员时，谓语动词用复数，关系代词用who；如果强调 整体，谓语动词用单数，关系代词用which。 The cl

6、ass who were all teenagers tried to show their own personalities. 这个全是青少年的班级力图展现自己的个性。 The government which was responsible for this event attempted to find a solution. 负责这次事件的政府试图找到解决办法。 2.有些总称意义的名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式 有些表示总称意义的名词，形式上是单数，而意义上却是复数，谓 语动词要用复数形式，如people, police, cattle, poultry（家禽）等。 Cattle w

7、ere seen grazing on the grassland. 可以看见牛在草原上吃草。 The police are searching for a tall black man with a beard. 警察正在寻找一个留着胡子的高个子黑人男子。 3.形式上是复数而意义上为单数的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形 式 有些名词形式上是复数，而意义上却是单数，例如news, means, works。还有许多以-ics结尾的学科名称，如economics, physics, mechanics, politics等，它们作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 Here is the latest

8、 news from abroad. 下面是来自国外的最新消息。 Politics is one of his favorite subjects. 政治是他最喜欢的学科之一。 4.each, every, many a, no等修饰的主语的主谓一致情况 当each, every, many a和no修饰名词时，谓语动词需用单数形式；而 且，如果由and连接的单数主语，前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰， 谓语动词仍要用单数形式。复数主语与each连用时，应不受each的影 响，谓语动词仍用复数形式。 Each pen and each paper is found i

9、n its place. 每一支笔和每一份纸都能在其位置上找到。 Every boy and girl is treated in the same way. 每个男孩和女孩都被以同样的方式对待。 5.距离、长度、时间、金钱等作主语时的主谓一致情况 表示距离、长度、时间、重量、度量、衡量、金钱等的复数名词作 主语，谓语动词常用单数形式。 Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 20英里走起来是很长的一段路。 Three pints isnt enough to get me drunk. 三品脱的酒不足以让我醉。 6.国家、单位和书报的名称作主语时的主谓一致情况

10、 国家、单位和书报的名称作为一个单一的概念，其谓语动词要用单 数形式。 War and Peace is the longest novel Ive read. 战争与和平是我读过的最长的小说。 General Motors has recently closed down a plant. 通用汽车公司最近关闭了一家工厂。 “7.the +形容词”作主语时的主谓一致情况 “the +形容词”作主语，如果指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。 The rich are not always happier than the poor. 富人并不总是比穷人过得快乐。 The injured are

11、still in a serious condition. 受伤人员的伤情依旧严重。 考点3 就近原则（邻近原则） 就近原则（邻近原则）就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一 致。 1.由连词or, neither.nor., either.or., not only.but also.等连接的 并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式按就近原则，与靠近它的主语的形式 一致。 I guess he or you have taken my pen. 我猜他或你拿了我的笔。 Either you or he is not telling the truth. 不是你，就是他没有说实话。 Not only

12、the switches but also the old wiring has been changed. 不但更换了开关还更换了旧电线。 2.在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式一般也采取就近原则。 There is a desk and four benches in the office. 办公室里有一张桌子和四张长凳。 There are two chairs and a desk in the office. 办公室里有两把椅子和一张桌子。 考点4 主谓一致的特殊情况 1.在what引导的主语从句中主谓一致的特殊情况 what引导主语从句时，其主句的谓语动词取决于主句的宾

13、语或表 语。如果宾语或表语是单数，主句谓语动词用单数形式，如果为复数， 主句谓语动词需用复数形式。 What she said is correct. 她说的是正确的。 What he gave me are five English books. 他送给我的是五本英文书。 2.修饰语不影响主语的单复数 The performance of the first three clowns was very funny. 前三个小丑的表演非常有趣。 3.插入语不影响主语的单复数 由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather t

14、han, except, but, including,accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than 等 引导的结构放在主语和谓语之间，应视为插入语，不能看作是并列主 语，该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响，主语如果是单数，其谓 语动词仍然用单数形式。 My mother, as well as my brothers, has a key to the door. 我妈妈，还有我的哥哥们，都有一把这个门的钥匙。 4.由and连接，但指代同一人或物，或者指代配套物品的名词作主 语，谓语用单数 The bread and

15、 butter is served for breakfast. 早饭供应黄油面包。 The poet and novelist is about to give a short speech. 这位诗人兼小说家要作简短发言。 5.各种短语修饰的名词作主语时的主谓一致情况 （1）one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 结构作主 语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 A series of new products is going to be on sale this month. 一系列的新产品计划本月上市。 （2）fo

16、rm of, type of, kind of 结构的谓语视form, type与kind的单复 数而定；these/those kinds/types of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式 。 This kind of mistake is easy to make. 这种类型的错误很容易犯。 Those kinds of colours look good with dark skin. 那种类型的颜色配黑肤色很搭。 （3）由“one and a half +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单 数，也可以用复数。 One and a half hours is/are allowed

17、for the exam. 考试时长为一个半小时。 （4）“all of, most of, some of, plenty of, none of, half of, a lot of, lots of, heaps of, loads of, the majority of, the rest of等+可数或不可数名词”作 主语时，如果其中的名词是不可数名词，那么谓语只能用单数，如果是 可数名词的复数形式，那么谓语也用复数形式。 The majority of students find it quite hard to pass the exam. 大部分学生发觉要通过这个考试非常困难。

18、 The majority of the citys population lives in this circle. 该城市大部分的人口都生活在这个圈子里。（population为不可数 名词） 注意 “a great（large, small）quantity of +名词”与“（large, small）quantities of +名词”的主谓一致情况 “a great（large, small）quantity of +名词”作主语， 其谓语的数原则上与其中的名词的数保持一致。 There are a small quantity of apples in the house. 房子

19、里有少量的苹果。 A large quantity of food was on the table. 大量的食物摆在桌上。 若该结构变成（large, small）quantities of.的形式， 则当它用作主语时，其谓语动词一律用复数（与其中名词的数无 关）。 Huge quantities of oil were spilling into the sea. 大量的石油渗到海里。 Large quantities of crops have been destroyed in the flood. 大量的庄稼在洪水中被毁坏了。 （5）由“more than one（或more tha

20、n one +单数名词）”或“many a +单数名词”作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。 Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. 许多父母都不得不经历这一相同的痛苦过程。 （6）“分数或百分数+ of +名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形 式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。 Over two-thirds of the surface of the earth is covered with water. 地球表面超过三分之二的面积被水覆盖着。 Three-quarters of the people

21、 present are against the plan. 在场的四分之三的人反对这项计划。 （7）定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词一致。 He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group. 他是被选来代表这个群体的人之一。 （先行词men为复数，因此从句谓语用复数were chosen） “Keep cool” is the first of the rules that are to be remembered in an accident. “保持冷静”是在事故中应该记住的第一准则。 注意 当one之前有the

22、 only等限定词修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词用 单数形式。 He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment. 他是那些男孩中唯一愿意再接受任务的人。 专项练习 I.单句填空。 1.The actor and director _（tell）us something about volunteer workers now. 2.When and where this took place _（be）still unknown. 3.Every means _（try）, but none

23、proved successful. 4.Weibo as well as WeChat _（serve）as a media platform for people to share their thoughts instantly without limits of place or time. 5.Hey! Here is a message on my cellphone, telling me that I have won the first prize of weekend for two in Paris. Delete it! Its a trick.Many a perso

24、n _（cheat）by such tricks. 6.One survey shows that large quantities of water _（be）wasted every year in China, and that one third is available to be saved. 7.Hank as well as the other children who have no parents _（take）good care of in the center. 8.What the teacher of the science class does and says

25、_（be）of great importance to the students at college. 9.Children should not be allowed to see films that _（be）bad for their mental development 10.How time flies! Ten years _（have）passed II.单项选择。 11.Have all of you listened to the speech? Yeah.Every boy and girl in the class _ invited. A.were B.havebe

26、en C.hasbeen D.was 12.The most impressive sight in China, one of the wonders of the world, _ the Great Wall. A.is B.are C.was D.were 13.Butter and bread _ their daily food, but the bread and the butter _ up now. A.is;is eaten B.are;havebeen eaten C.are;are eaten D.is;havebeen eaten 14.The writer and

27、 speaker _ a speech on Chinese culture in the hall now. A.are giving B.is giving C.will give D.has given 15.Either you or I _ invited to the important meeting. A.be B.is C.am D.are 16.There _ some milk and apples in the fridge. A.has B.have C.is D.are 17.Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A.we

28、re B.is C.are D.was 18.Since 2000, Nanchang has become a new city.Everything _. A.are changed B.was changed C.has changed D.had changed 19.The Smiths _ sending e-mails _ letters, because it is faster. A.prefer;to writing B.prefer;to write C.prefers;to writing D.prefers;to write 20.Everyone except Bi

29、ll and Jim _ there when the meeting began. A.was B.is C.are D.were 21.Each of the students _ a dictionary. A.have B.is C.are D.has 22.Summer holiday is coming, Li Lei with his father _ to go to Shanghai. A.want B.willwant C.wants D.wanted 23.Not only his parents but also his brother _ to the Summer

30、Palace.They havent been back. A.havebeen B.have gone C.hasbeen D.has gone 24.Look! There _ playing with the tourists on Dahe Square. A.are a number ofdeer B.are a number ofdeers C.is a number ofdeer D.is a number ofdeers 25.Two-thirds of the big bread _ by the little child. A.has eaten B.hasbeen eaten C.have eaten D.havebeen eaten One hour today is worth two tomorrows. 争分夺秒效率高。 One mans fault is other mans lesson. 前车之鉴。 One never loses anything by politeness. 讲礼貌不吃亏。